Alheira: Difference between revisions

Alheira
	Alheira sold at a market in Portugal
Place of origin	Portugal
Region or state	Mirandela
Main ingredients	Beef, poultry, bread, olive oil, lard, garlic and paprika.
Other information	Kosher variation of a Chouriço

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Alheira (European Portuguese: [ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ]) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats (usually pork, veal, duck, chicken, quail or rabbit) and bread.

Although alheira derives from alho (garlic) and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, not all present-day alheiras contain garlic, though it is still a common ingredient.

The type of sausage that became known as "alheira" was invented by the Jews of Portugal, also known as Sephardic Jews, who in 1497 were given the choice of either being expelled from the country or converting to Christianity. Those conversos who remained and secretly retained their beliefs avoided eating pork, forbidden in Judaism; this put them at risk of being noticed not to hang sausages, traditionally made of pork, in their fumeiros (smokehouses).^[1] As a way to avoid attracting the attention of the Portuguese Inquisition, or, in rural areas, the Portuguese Christians, they began to make sausages from other meats such as poultry and game, mixed with bread for texture.^[2] With time, alheira spread to the remaining population and became an example of typical Portuguese cuisine, though nowadays its preparation is no longer strictly guided by Jewish dietary precepts.

Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays they are often fried and served accompanied by french fries and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest items on restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.

Although alheiras are typically associated with the city of Mirandela, the regions of Beira Alta and Trás-os-Montes are also famous for their alheiras.

Varieties with PGI protection status include Alheira de Vinhais and Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre.^[3]^[4]

References

^ "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
^ "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
^ Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.
^ Alheira de Vinhais in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.

External links

[1] "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.

[2] "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.

[3] Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.

[4] Alheira de Vinhais in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Type of Portuguese sausage}}
-:''This article deals with the Portuguese sausage. For the parish in the municipality of [[Barcelos Municipality, Portugal|Barcelos]], [[Portugal]], see [[Alheira (Barcelos)]]''.
+{{about|the Portuguese sausage|the parish in the municipality of [[Barcelos Municipality, Portugal|Barcelos]]|Alheira (Barcelos)}}
+{{Infobox food
-[[Image:Alheira.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Fried alheira from Mirandela]]
+| name             = Alheira
-The '''alheira''' ({{IPA-pt|ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ}}) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats other than [[pork]] (usually [[veal]], [[duck]], [[chicken]], [[quail]] or [[rabbit]]) and [[bread]].
+| image            = File:Alheira Feira 2010.jpg
+| caption          = Alheira sold at a market in Portugal
+| alternate_name   =
+| country          = Portugal
+| region           = [[Mirandela]]
+| served           =
+| main_ingredient  = Beef, poultry, bread, olive oil, lard, garlic and paprika.
+| variations       =
+| calories         =
+| other            = Kosher variation of a [[Chouriço]]
+}}
+'''Alheira''' ({{IPA|pt-PT|ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ|lang}}) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats (usually [[pork]], [[veal]], [[Duck as food|duck]], [[Chicken as food|chicken]], [[Quail as food|quail]] or [[Rabbit meat|rabbit]]) and [[bread]].
-Although its name derives from the Portuguese word for [[garlic]] (''alho'') and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, present-day alheiras don't necessarily contain garlic (although it is still a common ingredient).
+Although ''alheira'' derives from ''alho'' ([[garlic]]) and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, not all present-day alheiras contain garlic, though it is still a common ingredient.
+The type of sausage that became known as "alheira" was invented by the [[Jews]] of Portugal, also known as [[Sephardic Jews]], who in 1497 were given the choice of either being [[Expulsion of the Jews from Portugal|expelled from the country]] or [[Forced conversion|converting]] to Christianity. Those ''[[converso]]s'' who remained and secretly retained their beliefs avoided eating pork, forbidden in Judaism; this put them at risk of being noticed not to hang sausages, traditionally made of pork, in their ''fumeiros'' (smokehouses).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage |url=https://www.jta.org/jewniverse/2017/how-portugals-jews-saved-themselves-with-a-sausage |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> As a way to avoid attracting the attention of the [[Portuguese Inquisition]], or, in rural areas, the Portuguese Christians, they began to make sausages from other meats such as [[poultry]] and [[Game (food)|game]], mixed with bread for texture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage |url=https://www.jta.org/jewniverse/2017/how-portugals-jews-saved-themselves-with-a-sausage |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> With time, ''alheira'' spread to the remaining population and became an example of typical Portuguese cuisine, though nowadays its preparation is no longer strictly guided by Jewish dietary precepts.
-The type of sausage currently known as "alheira" was invented by the [[Jews]] of Portugal, who were [[forced to convert]] to Christianity, as a way to deceive the [[Portuguese Inquisition]]. Since their religion didn't allow them to eat pork, they were easily identifiable by the fact that they didn't hang sausages in their smokehouses (''fumeiros'' in Portuguese). As a cover, they replaced pork with a large variety of other meats, such as [[poultry]] and [[game]], which would then be mixed with bread for texture. This recipe would later spread amongst Christians.
-Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays, however, they tend to be fried and served with chips and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest courses in restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.
+Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays they are often fried and served accompanied by french fries and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest items on restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.
-Although typically associated with the city of [[Mirandela]], the regions of [[Beira Alta (region)|Beira Alta]] and [[Trás-os-Montes (region)|Trás-os-Montes]] are also famous for their alheiras.
+Although ''alheiras'' are typically associated with the city of [[Mirandela]], the regions of [[Beira Alta (region)|Beira Alta]] and [[Trás-os-Montes (region)|Trás-os-Montes]] are also famous for their alheiras.
 Varieties with [[Protected Geographical Status|PGI]] protection status include ''Alheira de [[Vinhais]]'' and ''Alheira de [[Barroso (region)|Barroso]]-[[Montalegre Municipality|Montalegre]]''.<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/browse.html?open&chkDenomination=77&locale=en Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre] in the [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm DOOR] Data Base of the European Union.</ref><ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/browse.html?open&chkDenomination=78&locale=en Alheira de Vinhais] in the [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm DOOR] Data Base of the European Union.</ref>
@@ Line 16: / Line 29: @@
 ==See also==
 * [[Farinheira]]
+* [[List of sausages]]
 * [[List of smoked foods]]
 * [[List of Portugal food and drink products with protected status]]
@@ Line 23: / Line 37: @@
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.taste-portugal.com/produto/alheira Taste Portugal]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110828092639/http://www.taste-portugal.com/produto/alheira Taste Portugal]
-* [http://oficina.cienciaviva.pt/~pw020/g4/alheira.htm Alheira (in Portuguese)]
+* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20050116011816/http%3A//oficina.cienciaviva.pt/%7Epw020/g4/alheira.htm Alheira (in Portuguese)]
 * [http://www.ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=8560 Etymology (in Portuguese)]
 * [http://www.gastronomias.com/enchidos/alheira.htm History (in Portuguese)]
+{{Sausage}}
+{{Portuguese cuisine}}
 [[Category:Portuguese sausages]]