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{{Short description|Type of Portuguese sausage}}
:''This article deals with the Portuguese sausage. For the parish in the municipality of [[Barcelos Municipality, Portugal|Barcelos]], [[Portugal]], see [[Alheira (Barcelos)]]''.
{{about|the Portuguese sausage|the parish in the municipality of [[Barcelos Municipality, Portugal|Barcelos]]|Alheira (Barcelos)}}


{{Infobox food
[[Image:Alheira.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Fried alheira from Mirandela]]
| name = Alheira
⚫
The '''alheira''' ({{IPA-pt|ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ}}) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats other than [[pork]] (usually [[veal]], [[duck]], [[chicken]], [[quail]] or [[rabbit]]) and [[bread]].
| image = File:Alheira Feira 2010.jpg
| caption = Alheira sold at a market in Portugal
| alternate_name =
| country = Portugal
| region = [[Mirandela]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = Beef, poultry, bread, olive oil, lard, garlic and paprika.
| variations =
| calories =
| other = Kosher variation of a [[Chouriço]]
}}
⚫
'''Alheira''' ({{IPA|pt-PT|ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ|lang}}) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats (usually [[pork]], [[veal]], [[Duck as food|duck]], [[Chicken as food|chicken]], [[Quail as food|quail]] or [[Rabbit meat|rabbit]]) and [[bread]].


Although ''alheira'' derives from ''alho'' ([[garlic]]) and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, not all present-day alheiras contain garlic, although it is still a common ingredient.
Although ''alheira'' derives from ''alho'' ([[garlic]]) and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, not all present-day alheiras contain garlic, though it is still a common ingredient.


The type of sausage that became known as "alheira" was invented by the [[Jews]] of Portugal, who were [[Expulsion of the Jews from Portugal|expelled from the country]] in 1497 unless they [[Forced conversion|converted]] to Christianity. Those who converted but secretly retained their beliefs avoided eating pork, forbidden in Judaism; this put them at risk of being noticed not to hang sausages, traditionally made of pork, in their ''fumeiros'' (smokehouses). As a way to avoid attracting the attention of the [[Portuguese Inquisition]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}} they did make sausages, but with other meats, such as [[poultry]] and [[Game (food)|game]], mixed with bread for texture. This recipe later spread amongst Christians.
The type of sausage that became known as "alheira" was invented by the [[Jews]] of Portugal, also known as [[Sephardic Jews]], who in 1497 were given the choice of either being [[Expulsion of the Jews from Portugal|expelled from the country]] or [[Forced conversion|converting]] to Christianity. Those ''[[converso]]s'' who remained and secretly retained their beliefs avoided eating pork, forbidden in Judaism; this put them at risk of being noticed not to hang sausages, traditionally made of pork, in their ''fumeiros'' (smokehouses).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage |url=https://www.jta.org/jewniverse/2017/how-portugals-jews-saved-themselves-with-a-sausage |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> As a way to avoid attracting the attention of the [[Portuguese Inquisition]], or, in rural areas, the Portuguese Christians, they began to make sausages from other meats such as [[poultry]] and [[Game (food)|game]], mixed with bread for texture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage |url=https://www.jta.org/jewniverse/2017/how-portugals-jews-saved-themselves-with-a-sausage |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> With time, ''alheira'' spread to the remaining population and became an example of typical Portuguese cuisine, though nowadays its preparation is no longer strictly guided by Jewish dietary precepts.


Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays they are often fried and served with chips and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest items in restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.
Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays they are often fried and served accompanied by french fries and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest items on restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.


Although ''alheiras'' are typically associated with the city of [[Mirandela]], the regions of [[Beira Alta (region)|Beira Alta]] and [[Trás-os-Montes (region)|Trás-os-Montes]] are also famous for their alheiras.
Although ''alheiras'' are typically associated with the city of [[Mirandela]], the regions of [[Beira Alta (region)|Beira Alta]] and [[Trás-os-Montes (region)|Trás-os-Montes]] are also famous for their alheiras.
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Farinheira]]
* [[Farinheira]]
* [[List of sausages]]
* [[List of smoked foods]]
* [[List of smoked foods]]
* [[List of Portugal food and drink products with protected status]]
* [[List of Portugal food and drink products with protected status]]
Line 23: Line 37:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.taste-portugal.com/produto/alheira Taste Portugal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110828092639/http://www.taste-portugal.com/produto/alheira Taste Portugal]
* [http://oficina.cienciaviva.pt/~pw020/g4/alheira.htm Alheira (in Portuguese)]
* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20050116011816/http%3A//oficina.cienciaviva.pt/%7Epw020/g4/alheira.htm Alheira (in Portuguese)]
* [http://www.ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=8560 Etymology (in Portuguese)]
* [http://www.ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=8560 Etymology (in Portuguese)]
* [http://www.gastronomias.com/enchidos/alheira.htm History (in Portuguese)]
* [http://www.gastronomias.com/enchidos/alheira.htm History (in Portuguese)]


{{Sausage}}
{{Sausage}}
{{Portuguese cuisine}}


[[Category:Portuguese sausages]]
[[Category:Portuguese sausages]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 15 August 2024

This article is about the Portuguese sausage. For the parish in the municipality of Barcelos, see Alheira (Barcelos).
Alheira
Alheira sold at a market in Portugal
Place of originPortugal
Region or stateMirandela
Main ingredientsBeef, poultry, bread, olive oil, lard, garlic and paprika.
Other informationKosher variation of a Chouriço

Alheira (European Portuguese: [ɐˈʎɐjɾɐ]) is a type of Portuguese sausage, made with meats (usually pork, veal, duck, chicken, quail or rabbit) and bread.

Although alheira derives from alho (garlic) and was once used to describe any sausage seasoned with it, not all present-day alheiras contain garlic, though it is still a common ingredient.

The type of sausage that became known as "alheira" was invented by the Jews of Portugal, also known as Sephardic Jews, who in 1497 were given the choice of either being expelled from the country or converting to Christianity. Those conversos who remained and secretly retained their beliefs avoided eating pork, forbidden in Judaism; this put them at risk of being noticed not to hang sausages, traditionally made of pork, in their fumeiros (smokehouses).[1] As a way to avoid attracting the attention of the Portuguese Inquisition, or, in rural areas, the Portuguese Christians, they began to make sausages from other meats such as poultry and game, mixed with bread for texture.[2] With time, alheira spread to the remaining population and became an example of typical Portuguese cuisine, though nowadays its preparation is no longer strictly guided by Jewish dietary precepts.

Alheiras were traditionally grilled or roasted and served with boiled vegetables. Nowadays they are often fried and served accompanied by french fries and a fried egg. They are often one of the cheapest items on restaurant menus, although those made with game can be expensive.

Although alheiras are typically associated with the city of Mirandela, the regions of Beira Alta and Trás-os-Montes are also famous for their alheiras.

Varieties with PGI protection status include Alheira de Vinhais and Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre.[3][4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  2. ^ "How Portugal's Jews Saved Themselves With a Sausage". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  3. ^ Alheira de Barroso-Montalegre in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.
  4. ^ Alheira de Vinhais in the DOOR Data Base of the European Union.
[edit]
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