Vima Takto: Difference between revisions

Vima Takto
Vima Takto
Kushan emperor
	Bronze coin of Vima Takto, alias "Soter Megas" (r. c. 80–90 CE).; Obv: Bust of Vima Takto, with Greek royal headband and radiate, holding sceptre; three-pronged tamgha behind.; Rev: Mounted king with Greek royal headband, holding a sceptre. Three-pronged tamgha; corrupted Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ "Basileu Basileuon Soter Megas": "The King of Kings, Great Saviour".
Reign	80–90 CE
Predecessor	Kujula Kadphises
Successor	Vima Kadphises
House	Kushan
Religion	Hinduism

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Vima Takto or Vima Taktu (Greco-Bactrian: Οοημο Τακτοο, Oēmo Taktoo; Kharosthi: 𐨬𐨅𐨨 𐨟𐨑𐨆 Ve-ma Ta-kho, Vema Takho^[1]) was a Kushan emperor who reigned c. 80–90 CE.

Rule

Vima Takto was long known as "The nameless King", since his coins only showed the legend "The King of Kings, Great Saviour", until the discovery of the Rabatak inscription helped connect his name with the title on the coins.

Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern India and Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. During his reign, Kushan embassies were also sent to the Eastern Han imperial court.

Genealogy

He is mentioned in the Chinese historical chronicle Book of the Later Han, in relation to his father Kujula Kadphises:

"Qiujiuque (Ch: 丘就卻) [Kujula Kadphises] was more than eighty years old when he died. His son, Yangaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) [probably Vema Tahk(tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi."^[2]

The connection of Vima Takto with other Kushan rulers is described in the Rabatak inscription, which was written by Kanishka. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, Vima Takto as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father, and himself Kanishka:

"... for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)

A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of Huvishka.^[3]

Preceded by Kujula Kadphises	Kushan Ruler 80 – 90 CE	Succeeded by Vima Kadphises

Footnotes

^ Falk, Harry (2009). The name of Vema Takhtu. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.
^ Hill (2009), p. 29; also note 13.16, p. 351, and Appendix O, p. 608.
^ Allchin, Raymond (2019-06-03). Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-5047-8.

References

Falk, Harry (2009). The name of Vema Takhtu. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.
Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
Shrava, Satya (1985) The Kushana Numismatics, p 94.

External links

Coins of Vima Takto
Hill, John E. 2004. The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu. Draft annotated English translation.[1]

[1] Falk, Harry (2009). The name of Vema Takhtu. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.

[2] Hill (2009), p. 29; also note 13.16, p. 351, and Appendix O, p. 608.

[3] Allchin, Raymond (2019-06-03). Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-5047-8.

[4] From the dated inscription on the Rukhana reliquary

[5] Richard Salomon (Jul–Sep 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (3): 418–452 [442]. JSTOR 605147.

[6] Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma". South Asian Studies. 11 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492.

[KKSK-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Jongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.

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[2]

[3]

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[t 4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|1st century Kushan emperor}}
 {{Refimprove|date=March 2012}}
 {{Infobox monarch
-| name            =Vima Takto
+| name         = Vima Takto
-| title           =[[Kushan]] emperor
+| title        = [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor
-| image= [[File:Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg|300px]]
+| image        = Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg
-| caption         =Bronze coin of '''Vima Takto''', alias "Soter Megas" (r. c. 80–90 CE).<br>
+| caption      = Bronze coin of '''Vima Takto''', alias "Soter Megas" (r. {{Circa|80}}–90 CE).<br>
 '''Obv:''' Bust of Vima Takto, with Greek royal headband and radiate, holding sceptre; three-pronged tamgha behind.<br>
-'''Rev:''' Mounted Jesus with Greek crown of thorns, holding a cross. Three-pronged merorah; corrupted Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ "Basileu Basileuon Soter Megas": "The King of Kings, Great Saviour".
+'''Rev:''' Mounted king with Greek royal headband, holding a sceptre. Three-pronged tamgha; corrupted Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ "Basileu Basileuon Soter Megas": "The King of Kings, Great Saviour".
-| reign           =80–90 CE
+| reign        = 80–90 CE
-| coronation      =
+| coronation   =
-| full name       =
+| full name    =
-| predecessor     =[[Kujula Kadphises]]
+| predecessor  = [[Kujula Kadphises]]
-| successor       =[[Vima Kadphises]]
+| successor    = [[Vima Kadphises]]
-| spouse          =
+| spouse       =
-| issue           =
+| issue        =
-| royal house     = Kushan
+| royal house  = Kushan
-| dynasty         =
+| dynasty      =
-| father          =
+| father       =
-| mother          =
+| mother       =
 | birth_date   =
-| birth_place  = [[Bactria]]
+| birth_place  =
 | death_date   =
-| death_place  = [[Peshawar]]
+| death_place  =
-| date of burial  =
+| date of burial =
-| place of burial = [[Peshawar]]
+| place of burial =
-| religion =[[Zoroastrianism]]
+| religion     = [[Hinduism]]|
+}}
-|}}'''Vima Takto''' or '''Vima Taktu''' was a [[Kushan]] emperor reigned c. 80–90 CE.
+{{Kushan rulers}}
+'''Vima Takto''' or '''Vima Taktu''' ([[Greco-Bactrian script|Greco-Bactrian]]: Οοημο Τακτοο, ''Oēmo Taktoo''; [[Kharosthi]]: '''𐨬𐨅𐨨 𐨟𐨑𐨆''' ''{{IAST|Ve-ma Ta-kho}}'', ''{{IAST|Vema Takho}}''<ref>Falk, Harry (2009). ''The name of Vema Takhtu''. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp.&nbsp;105–116.</ref>) was a [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor who reigned {{Circa|80}}–90 CE.
 ==Rule==
 Vima Takto was long known as "The nameless King", since his coins only showed the legend "The King of Kings, Great Saviour", until the discovery of the [[Rabatak inscription]] helped connect his name with the title on the coins.
-Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern [[Gandhara]] and greater [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
+Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern India and [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. During his reign, Kushan embassies were also sent to the [[Han dynasty#Eastern Han|Eastern Han]] imperial court.
 ===Genealogy===
-He is mentioned in the Chinese Historical Chronicle of the ''[[Hou Hanshu]]'', in relation to his father [[Kujula Kadphises]]:
+He is mentioned in the Chinese historical chronicle ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'', in relation to his father [[Kujula Kadphises]]:
 "Qiujiuque (Ch: 丘就卻) [Kujula Kadphises] was more than eighty years old when he died. His son, Yangaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) [probably Vema Tahk(tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi."<ref>Hill (2009), p. 29; also note 13.16, p. 351, and Appendix O, p. 608.</ref>
@@ Line 41: / Line 44: @@
 <blockquote>"... for King [[Kujula Kadphises]] (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King [[Vima Kadphises]] (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)</blockquote>
-A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of [[Huvishka]].
+A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of [[Huvishka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allchin |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHsxEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vima+Takto+and+Huvishka&pg=PA345 |title=Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition |date=2019-06-03 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-5047-8 |language=en}}</ref>
-{{clear}}
+{{s-start}}
+{{s-bef|before=[[Kujula Kadphises]]}}
+{{s-ttl|title=[[Kushan Empire|Kushan Ruler]]|years=80 – 90 CE}}
+{{s-aft|after=[[Vima Kadphises]]}}
+{{s-end}}
+[[File:Kushan Kings, Kushan Empire, Ancient Coin, Soter Megas 80-100AD.jpg|alt=A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) dating back to 80-100AD|thumb|A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) from c 80-110AD discovered in Northern Pakistan.]]
-{| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="2"
-|-
-| width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Kujula Kadphises]]'''
-| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[Kushan|Kushan Ruler]]'''<br>(80–90 CE)
-| width="30%" align="center" | Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Vima Kadphises]]'''
-|}
-[[File:Kushan Kings, Kushan Empire, Ancient Coin, Soter Megas 80-100AD.jpg|alt=A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) dating back to 80-100AD|thumb|309x309px|A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) from c 80-110AD discovered in Northern Pakistan.]]
-[[Image:Coin of Vima Takto.jpg|thumb|304x304px|Another bronze coin of Vima Takto.]]
+[[Image:Coin of Vima Takto.jpg|thumb|Another bronze coin of Vima Takto.]]
 ==Footnotes==
@@ Line 59: / Line 60: @@
 ==References==
-*Falk, Harry 2009. ''The name of Vema Takhtu''. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp.&nbsp;105–116.
+*Falk, Harry (2009). ''The name of Vema Takhtu''. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp.&nbsp;105–116.
 *Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4392-2134-1}}.
 *''Shrava, Satya'' (1985) ''The Kushana Numismatics'', p 94.
@@ Line 67: / Line 68: @@
 * Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.'' Draft annotated English translation.[http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html]
 {{Kushans}}
-[[Category:Kushan Empire]]
+[[Category:Kushan emperors]]
 [[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]