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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image =FMIB 40413 Blennicottus globiceps (Girard).jpeg
| image = Mosshead sculpin.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Neely, D. |year=2010 |title=Clinocottus globiceps |page=e.T155094A4701018 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155094A4701018.en |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| taxon = Clinocottus globiceps
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1858)
| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]
| synonyms = {{Specieslist
| superclassis = [[Osteichthyes]]
⚫
| Blennicottus globiceps | (Girard, 1858)
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
⚫
| Oligocottus globiceps | Girard, 1858
| superordo = [[Acanthopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Scorpaeniformes]]
| subordo = [[Cottoidei]]
| familia = [[Cottidae]]
| genus = [[Clinocottus]]
| species = '''''C. globiceps'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Clinocottus globiceps''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1858)
| synonyms = ''Blennicottus globiceps'' <small>(Girard, 1858)</small><br />
⚫
''Oligocottus globiceps'' <small>Girard, 1858</small>
}}
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Clinocottus|globiceps|month=August|year=2022}}</ref>
⚫
}}
⚫
'''''Clinocottus globiceps''''', the '''mosshead sculpin''' or '''globe-headed sculpin''', is a species of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the family [[Cottidae]], the typical [[sculpin]]s. This sculpin is found in the northeastern [[Pacific]].

==Taxonomy==
''Clinocottus globiceps'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] as ''Oligocottus globiceps'' in 1858 by the French [[ichthyologist]] [[Charles Frédéric Girard]] with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as [[Farallon Islands|Southern Farallones Island]], off [[San Francisco]] in [[California]].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Clinocottus|access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> This species is classified within the [[subgenus]] ''Blennicottus'', of which it is the [[type species]], which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof family|family=Oligocottinae|access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> and is the [[clade]] of round headed species within the genus ''[[Clinocottus]]'', these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species.<ref name = Knope>{{cite journal | author = Matthew L. Knope | year = 2013 | title = Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 66 | pages = 341–349|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008| pmid = 23099148 }}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''globiceps'', means “spherical head”, an allusion its rounded head profile.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes20/ | title = Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins) | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 22 October 2022 | access-date = 30 January 2023 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>


{{anchor|Description}}
==Description==
''Clinocottus globiceps'' has 9 or 10 spines and between 15 and 17 soft rays supporting its [[dorsal fin]]s and 10 to 12 soft rays in the [[anal fin]]. The [[caudal fin]] is rounded while the [[pectoral fin]]s have their 8 lower fin rays thickened with 7 of these being excised.<ref name = Fishbase/> This species has a dense covering cirri on the head, especially between the eyes, and [[lateral line]]. There is a single blunt upper spine on the [[preoperculum]].<ref name = FieldGuide>{{cite book | author1 = [[William N. Eschmeyer|Eschmeyer, W.N.]] | author2 = [[Earl S. Herald|E.S. Herald]] |author3 = H. Hammann | name-list-style = and | year = 1983 | title = A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | isbn = 061800212X}}</ref> The maximum published total length of this species is {{cvt|19|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>
⚫
'''''Clinocottus globiceps''''', commonly known as the '''mosshead sculpin''' or '''globe-headed sculpin''', is a [[species]] of fish in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Cottidae]], native to the northeastern [[Pacific]].


==Distribution and habitat==
''C. globiceps'' is a resident (non-migratory) [[Coastal fish#Intertidal fish|intertidal]] species which exhibits homing behavior. It generally inhabits [[tidal pool]]s and shallow rocky areas, often in strong surf. ''C. globiceps'' can leave a tide pool if conditions become inhospitable, since it can also breathe air. It sometimes rests on rocks out of water, but usually under rocks or among [[seaweed]]. ''C. globiceps'' is most commonly found in the eastern Pacific from [[Kodiak Island]] ([[Alaska]]) to [[Gaviota, California|Gaviota]] (southern [[California]]). This fish prefers a temperate climate from [[latitude]] 60°N. to 32°N. and is usually in a marine, [[demersal]] environment.<ref>{{FishBase|genus=Clinocottus |species=globiceps}}</ref>
''Clinocottus globiceps'' is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean where it is found of the western coast of North America between [[Kodiak Island]], [[Alaska]] to [[Gaviota, California]].<ref name = iucn/> This is an intertidal species living in tidal pools and shallow rocky areas, frequently where there is strong surf, this species is resident and is known show [[Homing (biology)|homing behavior]].<ref name = Fishbase/>


==Biology==
=={{anchor|Physical characteristics}}Characteristics==
''Clinocottus globiceps'' has the ability to breathe air and may leave a rock pool if the conditions in the water there become unsuitable. Often seen out of water on rocks but is more typically hiding under rocks or in seaweed.<ref name = Fishbase/> These fishes have a diverse diet including barnacles, copepods, nemerteans, annelids and ostracods, as well as algae.<ref name = Miller1980>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uS6VX7HRAtAC | author1 = Bruce S. Miller | author2 = Charles A. Simenstad | author3 =Jeffrey Nelson Cross | author4 = Kurt L. Fresh | author5 = S. Nancy Steinfort | year = 1980 | title = Nearshore Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages Along the Strait of Juan de Fuca Including Food Habits of the Common Nearshore Fish Final Report of Three Years' Sampling, 1976-1979 · Volume 1 | page = 188 | publisher = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology}}</ref> They are also known to be predators of the [[Sea anemone|anenome]]s ''[[Anthopleura elegantissima]]'' and ''[[Epiactis prolifera]]'' which is thought to be a reason for some of their morphological and behavioral adaptations.<ref name = Yoshima1996>{{cite journal | author1 = Ronald M. Yoshiyama | author2 = W. David Wallace | author3 = Jacqueline L. Burns | author4 = Ann L. Knowlton | author5 = Jill R. Welter | year = 1996 | title = Laboratory food choice by the mosshead sculpin, Clinocottus globiceps (Girard) (Teleostei; Cottidae), a predator of sea anemones | journal = Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology | volume = 204 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 23–42 | doi = 10.1016/0022-0981(96)02593-2}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Body part !! Average number/length
|-
| Dorsal spines (total) || 9–10
|-
| Dorsal soft rays (total) || 15–17
|-
| Anal spines || 0
|-
| Anal soft rays || 10–12
|-
| Maximum length || 19&nbsp;cm
|-
| Caudal Fin || Rounded
|-
| Pectoral rays || Lower eight when thickened, six or seven excised.
⚫
|}


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2192259}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2192259}}


[[Category:Cottidae]]
[[Category:Clinocottus|globiceps]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1858]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1858]]

Latest revision as of 05:10, 16 August 2024

Clinocottus globiceps
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Cottidae
Genus: Clinocottus
Species:
C. globiceps
Binomial name
Clinocottus globiceps
(Girard, 1858)
Synonyms[2]
  • Blennicottus globiceps (Girard, 1858)
  • Oligocottus globiceps Girard, 1858

Clinocottus globiceps, the mosshead sculpin or globe-headed sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the northeastern Pacific.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Clinocottus globiceps was first formally described as Oligocottus globiceps in 1858 by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard with its type locality given as Southern Farallones Island, off San Francisco in California.[3] This species is classified within the subgenus Blennicottus, of which it is the type species, which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861[4] and is the clade of round headed species within the genus Clinocottus, these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species.[5] The specific name, globiceps, means “spherical head”, an allusion its rounded head profile.[6]

Description

[edit]

Clinocottus globiceps has 9 or 10 spines and between 15 and 17 soft rays supporting its dorsal fins and 10 to 12 soft rays in the anal fin. The caudal fin is rounded while the pectoral fins have their 8 lower fin rays thickened with 7 of these being excised.[2] This species has a dense covering cirri on the head, especially between the eyes, and lateral line. There is a single blunt upper spine on the preoperculum.[7] The maximum published total length of this species is 19 cm (7.5 in).[2]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Clinocottus globiceps is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean where it is found of the western coast of North America between Kodiak Island, Alaska to Gaviota, California.[1] This is an intertidal species living in tidal pools and shallow rocky areas, frequently where there is strong surf, this species is resident and is known show homing behavior.[2]

Biology

[edit]

Clinocottus globiceps has the ability to breathe air and may leave a rock pool if the conditions in the water there become unsuitable. Often seen out of water on rocks but is more typically hiding under rocks or in seaweed.[2] These fishes have a diverse diet including barnacles, copepods, nemerteans, annelids and ostracods, as well as algae.[8] They are also known to be predators of the anenomes Anthopleura elegantissima and Epiactis prolifera which is thought to be a reason for some of their morphological and behavioral adaptations.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Neely, D. (2010). "Clinocottus globiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T155094A4701018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155094A4701018.en. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Clinocottus globiceps". FishBase. August 2022 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Clinocottus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  4. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Oligocottinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  5. ^ Matthew L. Knope (2013). "Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66: 341–349. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008. PMID 23099148.
  6. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, W.N.; E.S. Herald; and H. Hammann (1983). A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 061800212X.
  8. ^ Bruce S. Miller; Charles A. Simenstad; Jeffrey Nelson Cross; Kurt L. Fresh; S. Nancy Steinfort (1980). Nearshore Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages Along the Strait of Juan de Fuca Including Food Habits of the Common Nearshore Fish Final Report of Three Years' Sampling, 1976-1979 · Volume 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology. p. 188.
  9. ^ Ronald M. Yoshiyama; W. David Wallace; Jacqueline L. Burns; Ann L. Knowlton; Jill R. Welter (1996). "Laboratory food choice by the mosshead sculpin, Clinocottus globiceps (Girard) (Teleostei; Cottidae), a predator of sea anemones". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 204 (1–2): 23–42. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(96)02593-2.
[edit]
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