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{{short description|16th-century English politician}}
{{other people}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
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[[File:Sir James Dyer from NPG.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sir James Dyer, 1575. [[National Portrait Gallery, London]].]]
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox officeholder
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'''Sir James Dyer''' (1510 – 24 March 1582) was a [[judge]] and [[Speaker of the House of Commons (UK)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] during the reign of [[Edward VI of England]].
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sir James Dyer
| image = Sir James Dyer from NPG.jpg
⚫
| caption = Sir James Dyer, 1575. [[National Portrait Gallery, London]].
| office = [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]
| monarch = [[Edward VI of England]]
| term_start = 1553
| term_end = 1553
| predecessor = [[John Baker (died 1558)|Sir John Baker]]
| successor = [[John Pollard (speaker)|Sir John Pollard]]
| office2 = [[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]]
| term_start2 = 1559
| term_end2 = 1582
| predecessor2 = [[Anthony Browne (justice)|Sir Anthony Browne]]
| successor2 = [[Edmund Anderson (judge)|Sir Edmund Anderson]]
| birth_date = 1510
| birth_place =
| death_date = 24 March 1582
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Margaret à Barrow]]<ref>McGerr, Rosemarie Potz (1 January 2011). A Lancastrian Mirror for Princes: The Yale Law School New Statutes of England. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253356413.</ref>
}}
⚫
'''Sir James Dyer''' (1510 – 24 March 1582) was a [[judge]] and [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] during the reign of [[Edward VI of England]].


==Life==
==Life==
Dyer was [[knight]]ed at [[Whitehall]] on 9 April 1553, Strand Inn, preparatory 1520s, [[Middle Temple]] abt. 1530, called to the bar 1537?, bencher 1540s, [[serjeant-at-law]] 17 Oct. 1552, [[member of parliament|MP]] for [[Wells (UK Parliament constituency)|Wells]], in Somerset, and [[knight of the shire]] for [[Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Cambridgeshire]] 1547 and 1553, speaker of the house of commons 1553, justice of the peace for Cambridgeshire 1547, judge of the court of common pleas 1557, [[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] from January 1559 until his death.
Dyer was [[knight]]ed at [[Whitehall]] on 9 April 1553, Strand Inn, preparatory 1520s, [[Middle Temple]] abt. 1530, called to the bar 1537?, bencher 1540s, [[serjeant-at-law]] 17 Oct. 1552, [[member of parliament|MP]] for [[Wells (UK Parliament constituency)|Wells]], in Somerset, and [[knight of the shire]] for [[Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Cambridgeshire]] 1547 and 1553, Speaker of the House of Commons 1553, justice of the peace for Cambridgeshire 1547, judge of the court of common pleas 1557, [[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] from January 1559 until his death.

Dyer was the first [[law reporter]], establishing the system of reporting law cases that has endured into the modern era. The concept of [[legal precedent]] began with reported cases. Prior to [[Dyer's Reports]], from 1292 up until the 16th century, law cases had been recorded in "yearbooks" and were not intended to serve as precedent in future cases. The three volume work was originally written in [[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-French]] and later translated into English by John Vaillant in 1794. It covers cases from the period 1513–1582.<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia| title = Sir James Dyer English jurist| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica| access-date = 2018-02-01| url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Dyer}}</ref>

His heir was his brother's grandson, [[Richard Dyer (d. 1605)|Sir Richard Dyer]].<ref>John Burke & John Bernard Burke, ''A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies'' (London, 1841), p. 179: Henry George Watson, ''A History of the Parish of Great Staughton'' (St Neots, 1916), p. 14.</ref>


==Reputation==
==Reputation==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{ODNBweb|first=J. H.|last=Baker|id=8349|title=Dyer, Sir James (1510-1582)|accessdate=12 April 2005}}. {{DNBfirst|wstitle=Dyer, James|first=James McMullen|last=Rigg}}
*{{cite ODNB|first=J. H.|last=Baker|id=8349|title=Dyer, Sir James (1510-1582)}}. {{DNBfirst|wstitle=Dyer, James|first=James McMullen|last=Rigg}}
*[[Edward Foss]], ''Lives of the Judges''
*[[Edward Foss]], ''Lives of the Judges''


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{{succession box | title=[[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]| before=[[John Baker (died 1558)|Sir John Baker]] | after=[[John Pollard (speaker)|Sir John Pollard]] | years=1553}}
{{s-legal}}
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{{succession box | title=[[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] | before=[[Anthony Browne (justice)|Sir Anthony Browne]] | after=[[Edmund Anderson (judge)|Sir Edmund Anderson]] | years=1559&ndash;1582}}
{{succession box | title=[[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] | before=[[Anthony Browne (justice)|Sir Anthony Browne]] | after=[[Edmund Anderson (judge)|Sir Edmund Anderson]] | years=1559–1582}}
{{s-end}}
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{{Speaker of the British House of Commons}}
{{Speaker of the British House of Commons}}
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[[Category:1510 births]]
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[[Category:Chief Justices of the Common Pleas]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Common Pleas]]
[[Category:Justices of the King's Bench]]
[[Category:Justices of the King's Bench]]
[[Category:English knights]]
[[Category:English knights]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Commons of England]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Commons of England]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:Members of the Middle Temple]]
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[[Category:Justices of the Common Pleas]]
[[Category:Justices of the Common Pleas]]
[[Category:English MPs 1542–44]]
[[Category:English MPs 1542–1544]]
[[Category:English MPs 1547–52]]
[[Category:English MPs 1547–1552]]
[[Category:English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)]]
[[Category:English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)]]
[[Category:16th-century English judges]]
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[[Category:16th-century English lawyers]]
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Latest revision as of 06:49, 16 August 2024

For other people named James Dyer, see James Dyer (disambiguation).

Sir James Dyer
Sir James Dyer, 1575. National Portrait Gallery, London.
Speaker of the House of Commons
In office
1553–1553
MonarchEdward VI of England
Preceded bySir John Baker
Succeeded bySir John Pollard
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
In office
1559–1582
Preceded bySir Anthony Browne
Succeeded bySir Edmund Anderson
Personal details
Born1510
Died24 March 1582
SpouseMargaret à Barrow[1]

Sir James Dyer (1510 – 24 March 1582) was a judge and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of Edward VI of England.

Life

[edit]

Dyer was knighted at Whitehall on 9 April 1553, Strand Inn, preparatory 1520s, Middle Temple abt. 1530, called to the bar 1537?, bencher 1540s, serjeant-at-law 17 Oct. 1552, MP for Wells, in Somerset, and knight of the shire for Cambridgeshire 1547 and 1553, Speaker of the House of Commons 1553, justice of the peace for Cambridgeshire 1547, judge of the court of common pleas 1557, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from January 1559 until his death.

Dyer was the first law reporter, establishing the system of reporting law cases that has endured into the modern era. The concept of legal precedent began with reported cases. Prior to Dyer's Reports, from 1292 up until the 16th century, law cases had been recorded in "yearbooks" and were not intended to serve as precedent in future cases. The three volume work was originally written in Anglo-French and later translated into English by John Vaillant in 1794. It covers cases from the period 1513–1582.[2]

His heir was his brother's grandson, Sir Richard Dyer.[3]

Reputation

[edit]

"A judge of profound knowledge and judgment in the laws of the land, and principally in the form of good pleading and true entries of judgments, and of great piety and sincerity, who in his heart abhorred all corruption and deceit; of a bountiful and generous disposition, a patron and preferrer of men learned in the law and expert clerks; of singular assiduity and observation, as appears by his book of reports, all written with his own hand, and of a fine, reverend and venerable countenance and personage." (Coke, 9.14v–15)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ McGerr, Rosemarie Potz (1 January 2011). A Lancastrian Mirror for Princes: The Yale Law School New Statutes of England. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253356413.
  2. ^ "Sir James Dyer English jurist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  3. ^ John Burke & John Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies (London, 1841), p. 179: Henry George Watson, A History of the Parish of Great Staughton (St Neots, 1916), p. 14.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Speaker of the House of Commons
1553 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1559–1582 		Succeeded by


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