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{{short description|Hungarian-Israeli architect}}
{{short description|Hungarian-Israeli architect}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2017}}


{{Infobox architect
{{Infobox architect
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|birth_date = August 20, 1900
|birth_date = August 20, 1900
|death_date = {{death date and age|1985|06|01|1900|08|20}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1985|06|01|1900|08|20}}
|birth_place = [[Sighet]], [[Hungary]]
|birth_place = [[Sighetu Marmației|Máramarossziget]], [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] (today [[Sighet]], [[Romania]])
|death_place = Israel
|death_place = Israel
|nationality = [[Hungary|Hungarian]], [[Israel]]i
|nationality = [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]], [[Romania]]n, [[Israel]]i
|alma_mater = [[University of Budapest]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Budapest]]
|significant_projects = [[:he:הולילנד|Holyland]] residential complex
|significant_projects = [[:he:הולילנד|Holyland]] residential complex, Villa Hanna Salameh ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The%20Salameh%20House%20on%20Balfour%20Street.jpg The Salameh House])
| relatives = [[Dumitru Cernicica]] brother in law
|works=
|works=
|patrons=
|patrons=
|awards=
|awards=
}}
}}
⚫
'''Zoltan "Shimshon" Harmat''', born '''Stern''' (August 20, 1900 in [[Sighetu Marmației|Máramarossziget]], Hungary - June 1, 1985 in Israel)<ref name=IZ>{{cite news |url= http://www.informatia-zilei.ro/mm/locale/s-au-implinit-25-de-ani-de-la-moartea-arhitectului-sighetean-harmat-zoltan |title= S-au implinit 25 de ani de la moartea arhitectului sighetean Harmat Zoltan [lit.: "25 years since the death of Sighet-born architect Zoltan Harmat"] |newspaper=[[Informația Zilei]] |language=Romanian |date= June 2, 2010 |first= Ioan Johnny |last= Popescu |access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref> was an Israeli architect.

⚫
'''Zoltan "Shimshon" Harmat''', born '''Stern''' (August 20, 1900 in Máramarossziget, Hungary - June 1, 1985 in Israel)<ref name=IZ>{{cite news |url= http://www.informatia-zilei.ro/mm/locale/s-au-implinit-25-de-ani-de-la-moartea-arhitectului-sighetean-harmat-zoltan |title= S-au implinit 25 de ani de la moartea arhitectului sighetean Harmat Zoltan [lit.: "25 years since the death of Sighet-born architect Zoltan Harmat"] |newspaper=[[Informația Zilei]] |language=Romanian |date= June 2, 2010 |first= Ioan Johnny |last= Popescu |access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref> was an Israeli architect.


==Biography==
==Biography==
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At the end of high school, Harmat decided to study architecture at the [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics|Budapest Faculty of Architecture]] and completed his degree in 1924.<ref name=IZ/>
At the end of high school, Harmat decided to study architecture at the [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics|Budapest Faculty of Architecture]] and completed his degree in 1924.<ref name=IZ/>


After graduation Harmat worked for one year in his profession, before immigrating to [[Mandate Palestine]].<ref name=IZ/> In the following years he went back several times to visit his relatives, the last time just days before the [[Invasion of Poland|outbreak]] of the [[Second World War]], Harmat making it back to Palestine on the last ship to cross in peacetime.<ref name=IZ/> After the war there was no one left of his family in Sighet, all having being killed in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz extermination camp]].<ref name=IZ/>
After graduation Harmat worked for one year in his profession, before immigrating to [[Mandate Palestine]].<ref name=IZ/> In the following years he went back several times to visit his relatives, the last time just days before the [[Invasion of Poland|outbreak]] of the [[Second World War]], Harmat making it back to Palestine on the last ship to cross in peacetime.<ref name=IZ/> After the war there was no one left of his family in Sighet, all having been killed in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz extermination camp]].<ref name=IZ/>


In Palestine Harmat joined a firm lead by the renowned British architect [[Albert Clifford Holliday]] and worked there for the next five years.<ref name=IZ/> During this period, he participated in the planning of many projects in Jerusalem, including [[St Andrew's Church, Jerusalem|St Andrew's Church]] (the "Scottish Church"; 1927), the [[Jerusalem Old Town Hall|Jerusalem Municipality building]] on Jaffa Street 22 (1930), the Bible Society House on 7 Yohanan MeGush Halav ([[John of Giscala]]) Street (1926–28), and two new wings for the outpatient [[Saint John Eye Hospital Group|Saint John Eye Hospital]], separated by the Hebron Road - one wing is currently the Mt Zion Hotel, and the other the Jerusalem House of Quality.<ref name=IZ/><ref>[http://allaboutjerusalem.com/article/mount-zion-hotel-history Mount Zion Hotel History], allAboutJerusalem.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</ref><ref name=BibleSoc>{{cite journal |last= Rapaport |first= Raquel |title= The City of the Great Singer: C. R. Ashbee's Jerusalem |pages= 171-210 [see footnote 33 available online] |journal= Architectural History |publisher= Cambridge University Press |volume= 50 |year= 2007 |doi= 10.1017/S0066622X00002926 |url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/architectural-history/article/city-of-the-great-singer-c-r-ashbees-jerusalem/85280A9C7CAF09C44F2A29E58B67DE1E |access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>{{clarify|reason=The addresses and YEARS are not in the sources - where are they from? I found a source for the year of the Bible Society House, but that's all.|date=November 2020}}
In Palestine Harmat joined a firm led by the renowned British architect [[Albert Clifford Holliday]] and worked there for the next five years.<ref name=IZ/> During this period, he participated in the planning of many projects in Jerusalem, including [[St Andrew's Church, Jerusalem|St Andrew's Church]] (the "Scottish Church"; 1927), the [[Jerusalem Old Town Hall|Town Hall]] on Jaffa Street 22 (1930), the Bible Society House on 7 Yohanan MeGush Halav ([[John of Giscala]]) Street (1926–28), and two new wings for the outpatient [[Saint John Eye Hospital Group|Saint John Eye Hospital]], separated by the Hebron Road - one wing is currently the Mt Zion Hotel, and the other the {{ill|Jerusalem House of Quality|he|בית אות המוצר הירושלמי}}.<ref name=IZ/><ref>[http://allaboutjerusalem.com/article/mount-zion-hotel-history Mount Zion Hotel History], allAboutJerusalem.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</ref><ref name=BibleSoc>{{cite journal |last= Rapaport |first= Raquel |title= The City of the Great Singer: C. R. Ashbee's Jerusalem |pages= 171-210 [see footnote 33 available online] |journal= Architectural History |publisher= Cambridge University Press |volume= 50 |year= 2007 |doi= 10.1017/S0066622X00002926 |s2cid= 195011405 |url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/architectural-history/article/city-of-the-great-singer-c-r-ashbees-jerusalem/85280A9C7CAF09C44F2A29E58B67DE1E |access-date=12 November 2020|url-access= subscription }}</ref>{{clarify|reason=The addresses and YEARS are not in the sources - where are they from? I found a source for the year of the Bible Society House, but that's all.|date=November 2020}}


After the departure of Holliday, Harmat contributed in one way or another to other important projects, such as the [[Central Post Office Building (Jerusalem)|Central Post Office]], the National Bank{{dubious|No such thing in Mandate times. The Anglo Palestine Bank from Jaffa St. (c. 1939), directly next to Post Office and Town Hall, was designed by Erich Mendelsohn. So?|date=November 2020}} and the [[Generali Building]].<ref name=IZ/>
After the departure of Holliday, Harmat contributed in one way or another to other important projects, such as the [[Central Post Office Building (Jerusalem)|Central Post Office]], the National Bank{{dubious|No such thing in Mandate times. The Anglo Palestine Bank from Jaffa St. (c. 1939), directly next to Post Office and Town Hall, was designed by Erich Mendelsohn. So?|date=November 2020}} and the [[Generali Building]].<ref name=IZ/>
{{dubious|Central Post Office, Generali Building are the work of other architects. The VERY poor source used here is attributing to Harmat projects where he might have participated as - what? draughtsman? assistant? MOT as main architect in any case. Should we take this source seriously at all?|date=November 2020}}
{{dubious|Central Post Office, Generali Building are the work of other architects. The VERY poor source used here is attributing to Harmat projects where he might have participated as - what? draughtsman? assistant? NOT as main architect in any case. Should we take this source seriously at all?|date=November 2020}}
Around the 1930s and 1940s, he designed, independently, homes for elite families in Jerusalem.
Around the 1930s and 1940s, he designed, independently, homes for elite families in Jerusalem.


One of his most famous designs is the [[:he:הולילנד|Holyland]] Hotel near the Malha neighbourhood. The hotel was planned in 1952, built between 1955-1958,<ref name=Hattab>{{cite book |last1= Cohen-Hattab |first1= Kobi |last2= Shoval |first2= Noam |title= Tourism, Religion and Pilgrimage in Jerusalem |page= 118 |publisher= Routledge ||year= 2014 |series= Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility |isbn= 9781317672104 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J4c9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118 |isbn= 9781317672111}}</ref> and demolished to make place for new hotels and private homes in the 2000s.<ref>Lawrence Rifkin, [https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/holy-corruption ''Holy Corruption''], The Jerusalem Post, 2 May 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> Harmat designed the hotel implementing a modern "[[International Style (architecture)|International Style]]" type of architecture and utilising Jerusalem's traditional white limestone.{{cn|date=November 2020}}
One of his most famous designs is the [[:he:הולילנד|Holyland]] Hotel near the Malha neighbourhood. The hotel was planned in 1952, built between 1955-1958,<ref name=Hattab>{{cite book |last1= Cohen-Hattab |first1= Kobi |last2= Shoval |first2= Noam |title= Tourism, Religion and Pilgrimage in Jerusalem |page= 118 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2014 |series= Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J4c9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118 |isbn= 9781317672111 <!--9781317672104-->}}</ref> and demolished to make place for new hotels and private homes in the 2000s.<ref>Lawrence Rifkin, [https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/holy-corruption ''Holy Corruption''], The Jerusalem Post, 2 May 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> Harmat designed the hotel implementing a modern [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]] type of architecture and utilising Jerusalem's traditional white limestone.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}


==Selected projects==
==Selected projects==
Zoltan Harmat designed over 150 architectural projects. All projects are designed and built in Jerusalem unless otherwise stated.
Zoltan Harmat designed over 150 architectural projects.{{dubious|No source, and as the other tags are showing, he CONTRIBUTED to lots of projects which he did not design himself.|date=November 2020}} All projects are built in Jerusalem unless stated otherwise.
*Designed by Albert Clifford Holliday's architecture firm, with Harmat's contribution:
*Designed by Albert Clifford Holliday's architecture firm, with Harmat's contribution:
** British and Foreign Bible Society Building (1926–28), 7 [[John of Gischala|Yohanan MeGush Halav]] Street, now 8 [[Safra Square]], currently housing [[Jerusalem Municipality|municipality offices]].<ref name=IZ/><ref name=tiles>{{cite news |title= A Tantalizing Tour of Jerusalem's Magical Armenian Tiles |date= 11 December 2019 | newspaper= Moshe Gilad for [[Haaretz]] |url= https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-12-11/ty-article-magazine/.premium/a-tantalizing-tour-of-jerusalems-magical-tiles/0000017f-e189-d38f-a57f-e7db79050000 |access-date= 2 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=emporis>{{cite web |title= 8 Safra Square |website= [[Emporis]] |url= https://www.emporis.com/buildings/291090/8-safra-square-jerusalem-israel |access-date= 2 June 2022}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
** Bible Society Building,<ref name=IZ/> 7 Yohanan MeGush Halav Street ( the late 20s)
** St. Andrew's Scottish Church (the late 20s)<ref name=IZ/>
** St. Andrew's Scottish Church (the late 20s)<ref name=IZ/>
** Jerusalem Municipality historic building and [[Barclays Bank]], 22 Jaffa Road (1930)
** [[Jerusalem Old Town Hall|Town Hall]] and [[Barclays Bank]], 22 Jaffa Road (1930)
** Clinic of the St. John Eye Hospital, today Mt Zion Hotel and Jerusalem House of Quality (the early 30s)
** [[St John Ophthalmic Hospital]]: renovation of old wing and design of new wing (opened in 1930; since the 1960s it houses the Jerusalem House of Quality)
*Harmat's own projects:
*Harmat's own projects:
** The home of Hanania, a contractor, 32 Keren Hayesod Street (1931)
** The home of Hanania, a contractor, 32 Keren Hayesod Street (1931)
** The home of [[:he:שלום הורוביץ|Shalom Horowitz]], an attorney, 20 Ahad Ha'am Street, [[Talbiyeh]] (1931)
** The home of {{ill|Shalom Horowitz|he|שלום הורוביץ}} , an attorney, 20 Ahad Ha'am Street, [[Talbiyeh]] (1931)
** The home of Braude, an accountant, 22 Ahad Ha'am Street, Talbiyeh (1931)
** The home of Braude, an accountant, 22 Ahad Ha'am Street, Talbiyeh (1931)
** The home of Hanna Salameh, a merchant, 2 Balfour Street, Talbiyeh (1932)
** The home of Hanna Salameh, a merchant, 2 Balfour Street, Talbiyeh (1932)<ref name=BarAm>{{cite news |title= Declare it a gem |newspaper= Aviva Bar-Am for [[Jerusalem Post]] |date= 29 October 2009 |url= https://www.jpost.com/local-israel/declare-it-a-gem |access-date= 31 May 2022}} Harmat is wrongly referred to as Hermet.</ref>
** 21 Balfour Street, Talbiyeh<ref name=BarAm/>
** The home of [[Oved Ben-Ami]], the first mayor of [[Netanya]], inspired by the works of [[Erich Mendelsohn]], originally built in Netanya but now no longer standing (1935-1937)<ref name=haaretz>{{cite news |url= http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/master-of-decor-1.386308 |title= Master of Decor |first= Noam |last= Dvir |date= 23 September 2011 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |access-date= 22 February 2017}}</ref>
** The home of [[Oved Ben-Ami]], the first mayor of [[Netanya]], inspired by the works of [[Erich Mendelsohn]], originally built in Netanya (1935-1937) but now no longer standing<ref name=haaretz>{{cite news |title= Master of Decor |first= Noam |last= Dvir |date= 23 September 2011 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |url= http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/master-of-decor-1.386308 |access-date= 22 February 2017}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:JerusalemMunicipalityP4190019.JPG|Bible Society Building, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm
File:JerusalemMunicipalityP4190019.JPG|Bible Society Building, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1926–28
File:Barclays building Jerusalem 1939.JPG|Barclay's building, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1939
File:Sc8.jpg|St. Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
File:Sc8.jpg|St. Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem
File:Ophthalmic Hospital from St. Andrew's Church. between 1934 and 1939. matpc.03759.jpg|Ophthalmic Hospital Jerusalem, new wing seen from St Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
File:Barclays building Jerusalem 1939.JPG|Barclays Bank, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1939
File:The Salameh House on Balfour Street.jpg|The Salameh House on Balfour Street, 1932 (with new top floors extensions built in the 2010s)
File:The Salameh House on Balfour Street.jpg|The Salameh House at 2, Balfour Street, 1932 (with new top floors added in the 2010s)
</gallery>
</gallery>


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[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:Jewish artists]]
[[Category:Jewish Hungarian artists]]
[[Category:Hungarian Jews]]
[[Category:Hungarian architects]]
[[Category:Hungarian architects]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:Israeli architects]]
[[Category:Israeli architects]]
[[Category:Architects in Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:Architects from Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:People from Jerusalem]]
[[Category:People from Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Burials at Har HaMenuchot]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 16 August 2024

Zoltan Harmat
BornAugust 20, 1900
Máramarossziget, Hungary (today Sighet, Romania)
DiedJune 1, 1985(1985-06-01) (aged 84)
Israel
NationalityHungarian, Romanian, Israeli
Alma materUniversity of Budapest
OccupationArchitect
RelativesDumitru Cernicica brother in law
ProjectsHolyland residential complex, Villa Hanna Salameh (The Salameh House)

Zoltan "Shimshon" Harmat, born Stern (August 20, 1900 in Máramarossziget, Hungary - June 1, 1985 in Israel)[1] was an Israeli architect.

Biography

[edit]

Zoltan Harmat was born in the town of Máramarossziget, Hungary (today Sighet in Romania). Harmat's parents provided him with a rich education and cultural experience. His father served as a teacher and director of a local Jewish school.

At the end of high school, Harmat decided to study architecture at the Budapest Faculty of Architecture and completed his degree in 1924.[1]

After graduation Harmat worked for one year in his profession, before immigrating to Mandate Palestine.[1] In the following years he went back several times to visit his relatives, the last time just days before the outbreak of the Second World War, Harmat making it back to Palestine on the last ship to cross in peacetime.[1] After the war there was no one left of his family in Sighet, all having been killed in the Auschwitz extermination camp.[1]

In Palestine Harmat joined a firm led by the renowned British architect Albert Clifford Holliday and worked there for the next five years.[1] During this period, he participated in the planning of many projects in Jerusalem, including St Andrew's Church (the "Scottish Church"; 1927), the Town Hall on Jaffa Street 22 (1930), the Bible Society House on 7 Yohanan MeGush Halav (John of Giscala) Street (1926–28), and two new wings for the outpatient Saint John Eye Hospital, separated by the Hebron Road - one wing is currently the Mt Zion Hotel, and the other the Jerusalem House of Quality [he].[1][2][3][clarification needed]

After the departure of Holliday, Harmat contributed in one way or another to other important projects, such as the Central Post Office, the National Bank[dubious – discuss] and the Generali Building.[1][dubious – discuss] Around the 1930s and 1940s, he designed, independently, homes for elite families in Jerusalem.

One of his most famous designs is the Holyland Hotel near the Malha neighbourhood. The hotel was planned in 1952, built between 1955-1958,[4] and demolished to make place for new hotels and private homes in the 2000s.[5] Harmat designed the hotel implementing a modern International Style type of architecture and utilising Jerusalem's traditional white limestone.[citation needed]

Selected projects

[edit]

Zoltan Harmat designed over 150 architectural projects.[dubious – discuss] All projects are built in Jerusalem unless stated otherwise.

  • Designed by Albert Clifford Holliday's architecture firm, with Harmat's contribution:
  • Harmat's own projects:
    • The home of Hanania, a contractor, 32 Keren Hayesod Street (1931)
    • The home of Shalom Horowitz [he] , an attorney, 20 Ahad Ha'am Street, Talbiyeh (1931)
    • The home of Braude, an accountant, 22 Ahad Ha'am Street, Talbiyeh (1931)
    • The home of Hanna Salameh, a merchant, 2 Balfour Street, Talbiyeh (1932)[8]
    • 21 Balfour Street, Talbiyeh[8]
    • The home of Oved Ben-Ami, the first mayor of Netanya, inspired by the works of Erich Mendelsohn, originally built in Netanya (1935-1937) but now no longer standing[9]
[edit]
  • Bible Society Building, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1926–28
    Bible Society Building, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1926–28
  • St. Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
    St. Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
  • Ophthalmic Hospital Jerusalem, new wing seen from St Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
    Ophthalmic Hospital Jerusalem, new wing seen from St Andrew's Church, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1930
  • Barclays Bank, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1939
    Barclays Bank, design: A. Clifford Holliday's firm, Jerusalem, 1939
  • The Salameh House at 2, Balfour Street, 1932 (with new top floors added in the 2010s)
    The Salameh House at 2, Balfour Street, 1932 (with new top floors added in the 2010s)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Popescu, Ioan Johnny (June 2, 2010). "S-au implinit 25 de ani de la moartea arhitectului sighetean Harmat Zoltan [lit.: "25 years since the death of Sighet-born architect Zoltan Harmat"]". Informația Zilei (in Romanian). Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  2. ^ Mount Zion Hotel History, allAboutJerusalem.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  3. ^ Rapaport, Raquel (2007). "The City of the Great Singer: C. R. Ashbee's Jerusalem". Architectural History. 50. Cambridge University Press: 171-210 [see footnote 33 available online]. doi:10.1017/S0066622X00002926. S2CID 195011405. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  4. ^ Cohen-Hattab, Kobi; Shoval, Noam (2014). Tourism, Religion and Pilgrimage in Jerusalem. Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility. Routledge. p. 118. ISBN 9781317672111.
  5. ^ Lawrence Rifkin, Holy Corruption, The Jerusalem Post, 2 May 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  6. ^ "A Tantalizing Tour of Jerusalem's Magical Armenian Tiles". Moshe Gilad for Haaretz. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  7. ^ "8 Safra Square". Emporis. Retrieved 2 June 2022.[dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b "Declare it a gem". Aviva Bar-Am for Jerusalem Post. 29 October 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2022. Harmat is wrongly referred to as Hermet.
  9. ^ Dvir, Noam (23 September 2011). "Master of Decor". Haaretz. Retrieved 22 February 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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