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Coordinates: 17°32′06″S 149°34′11″W / 17.535°S 149.5696°W / -17.535; -149.5696
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{{short description|Capital of French Polynesia}}
{{short description|Capital city of French Polynesia}}
{{Infobox French commune
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Pape{{okina}}ete
|name = Pape{{okina}}etē
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = FP-papeete-hafen-1.jpg
| image = {{Photomontage
|caption = Pape{{okina}}ete's [[city center]] and marina
| photo1a = Papeete - Marina Taina.JPG
| photo2a = Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Papeete - panoramio.jpg
| photo2b = Palais présidentiel Papeete.jpg
| photo3a = Papeete Town Hall, Papeete, 2009.jpg
| photo3b = Bassin de la Reine.jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| foot_montage = Top: Aerial view of Pape'etē; Middle: Cathedral of Notre Dame of Pape{{okina}}etē, Presidential palace; Bottom: Pape'etēTown Hall, Bougainville Park
}}
|adjustable map = Papeete1.png
|adjustable map = Papeete1.png
|map caption = Location of the commune (in red) within the Windward Islands
|map caption = Location of the commune (in red) within the Windward Islands
Line 20: Line 31:
|urban area km2 = 299.5
|urban area km2 = 299.5
|area footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/rp1996/r1.xls?sfvrsn=0|title=R1- Population sans doubles comptes, des subdivisions, communes et communes associées de Polynésie française, de 1971 à 1996|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2019-03-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114000509/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP1996/r1.sflb.ashx|archive-date=2012-11-14}}</ref>
|area footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/rp1996/r1.xls?sfvrsn=0|title=R1- Population sans doubles comptes, des subdivisions, communes et communes associées de Polynésie française, de 1971 à 1996|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2019-03-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114000509/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP1996/r1.sflb.ashx|archive-date=2012-11-14}}</ref>
|population = 26926
|population = 26654
|population date = 2017
|population date = 2022
|population footnotes = <ref name=pop2022>{{cite web|url=https://www.ispf.pf/content//uploads/RP_2022_Decret_n_2022_1592_du_20_decembre_2022_authentifiant_les_resultats_du_recensement_de_la_population_2022_JOPF_778cd9be0e.pdf|title= Les résultats du recensement de la population 2022 de Polynésie française|language=fr|trans-title=Results of the 2022 population census of French Polynesia|publisher=Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française|date=January 2023}}</ref>
|population footnotes = <ref name=pop2017/>
|urban pop = 136771
|urban pop = 124274
}}
}}
'''Papeete''' ([[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]: ''Pape{{okina}}ete'', pronounced {{IPA-poly|pa.pe.ʔe.te|}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hotels-tahiti.com/papeete.htm |title=Ville de Papeete : A voir, à faire |access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210624/http://www.hotels-tahiti.com/papeete.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> is the [[capital city]] of [[French Polynesia]], an [[overseas collectivity]] of the [[France|French Republic]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The [[Communes of France|commune]] of Pape{{okina}}ete is located on the island of [[Tahiti]], in the [[Administrative divisions of French Polynesia|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Windward Islands (Society Islands)|Windward Islands]], of which Pape{{okina}}ete is the administrative capital.<ref name=#2005-1611>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2005/12/20/DOMA0500013D/jo/texte Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327233552/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2005/12/20/DOMA0500013D/jo/texte |date=2019-03-27 }}, [[Légifrance]]</ref> The [[High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia|French High Commissioner]] also resides in Pape{{okina}}ete.<ref name="Kay2001p106">Kay, p. 106</ref>
'''Papeete''' ([[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]: ''Papeʻete'', pronounced {{IPA|ty|pa.pe.ʔe.te|}}; old name: ''Vaiʻete''<ref name=Sch>Personal communication with Michael Koch in {{cite book |last1=Schütz |first1=Albert J. |title=Hawaiian language: past, present, and future: what every teacher and student of Hawaiian might like to know about the history and future of the language |date=2020 |publisher=University of Hawai'i |location=Honolulu |isbn=9780824869830 |page=5}}</ref>) is the [[capital city]] of [[French Polynesia]], an [[overseas collectivity]] of the [[France|French Republic]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The [[Communes of France|commune]] of Papeete is located on the island of [[Tahiti]], in the [[Administrative divisions of French Polynesia|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Windward Islands (Society Islands)|Windward Islands]], of which Papeete is the administrative capital.<ref name=#2005-1611>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2005/12/20/DOMA0500013D/jo/texte Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327233552/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2005/12/20/DOMA0500013D/jo/texte |date=2019-03-27 }}, [[Légifrance]]</ref> Both the [[President of French Polynesia]] and [[High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia|French High Commissioner]] reside in Papeete.<ref name="Kay2001p106">Kay, p. 106</ref>


It is the primary center of Tahitian and French Polynesian public and private governmental, commercial, industrial and financial services, the hub of French Polynesian tourism and a commonly used [[Port of call (nautical term)|port of call]].<ref name="Kay2001p106"/> The Windward Islands are themselves part of the [[Society Islands]]. The name Pape{{okina}}ete, sometimes also spelled ''Papeete'' in languages other than [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]],<ref group="Note">The use of the [[{{okina}}okina]], which looks similar to an apostrophe, to represent the [[glottal stop]], is promoted by the ''Académie Tahitienne'' and accepted by the territorial government (see http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5). The {{okina}}okina, however, is often omitted. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626060649/http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5 |date=June 26, 2006 }}</ref> means "water from a basket".<ref name="Kay2001p102">Kay, p. 102.</ref> The [[urban area]] of Pape{{okina}}ete had a total population of 136,771 inhabitants at the August 2017 census, 26,926 of whom lived in the [[Commune in France|commune]] of Pape{{okina}}ete proper.<ref name=pop2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3294364?sommaire=2122700&q=populations+l%C3%A9gales+polyn%C3%A9sie+2017|title=Populations légales de Polynésie française en 2017|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2018-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508033507/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3294364?sommaire=2122700&q=populations+l%C3%A9gales+polyn%C3%A9sie+2017|archive-date=2018-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
It is the primary center of Tahitian and French Polynesian public and private governmental, commercial, industrial, and financial services, the hub of French Polynesian tourism and a commonly used [[Port of call (nautical term)|port of call]].<ref name="Kay2001p106"/> The Windward Islands are themselves part of the [[Society Islands]]. The name Pape{{okina}}etē,<ref group="Note">Sometimes also spelled ''Papeete'' in languages other than [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]. The use of the [[{{okina}}okina]], which looks similar to an apostrophe, to represent the [[glottal stop]], is promoted by the ''Académie Tahitienne'' and accepted by the territorial government (see http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5). The {{okina}}okina, however, is often omitted. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626060649/http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5 |date=June 26, 2006 }}</ref> means "water from a basket"<ref name="Kay2001p102">Kay, p. 102.</ref>— this was an effect of a [[Tahitian language#Taboo names – piʼi|naming taboo]] during [[Pōmare I]]'s reign where the Tahitian contemporary word for water ''vai'' was substituted with ''pape'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Ralph Gardner |title=Borrowing and Taboo in Eastern Polynesia |journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society |date=1968 |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=64-5 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20704526 |issn=0032-4000}}</ref> the old name '''''Vai{{okina}}etē''''' is still recognised in some areas such as [[Marquesas Islands|the Marquesas]].<ref name=Sch/> The [[urban area]] of Pape{{okina}}etē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the [[Commune in France|commune]] of Pape{{okina}}etē proper.<ref name=pop2022/>


==Geography==
==Geography==
{{Css Image Crop|Image = FRE-OCE-10-French Oceania-50 centimes (1943).jpg|bSize = 285|cWidth = 285|cHeight = 181|oTop = 183|oLeft = 3|Location = right|Description={{center|A 50 centimes [[World War II]] banknote (1943), printed in Pape{{okina}}ete, depicting the outline of [[Tahiti]] (rev).}}}}
{{Css Image Crop|Image = FRE-OCE-10-French Oceania-50 centimes (1943).jpg|bSize = 285|cWidth = 285|cHeight = 181|oTop = 183|oLeft = 3|Location = right|Description={{center|A 50 centimes [[World War II]] banknote (1943), printed in Pape{{okina}}etē, depicting the outline of [[Tahiti]] (rev).}}}}
The commune of Pape{{okina}}ete is subdivided into eleven ''quartiers'' (wards):<ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/ISPF/Libraries/RP2007/Quartiers_des_Iles_Du_Vent.pdf Arue – 12A Arahiri/Rimapp] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154259/http://www.ispf.pf/ISPF/Libraries/RP2007/Quartiers_des_Iles_Du_Vent.pdf |date=July 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/cartographie/Papeete_gen.pdf Map of wards subdivision]</ref><ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/publi-pr/Atlas_d%C3%A9mographique_-_recensement_de_2007_-_Parties_R%C3%A9trospective_nomenclatures_et_d%C3%A9finitions.pdf List of wards subdivision]</ref>
The commune of Pape{{okina}}etē is subdivided into eleven ''quartiers'' (wards):<ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/ISPF/Libraries/RP2007/Quartiers_des_Iles_Du_Vent.pdf Arue – 12A Arahiri/Rimapp] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154259/http://www.ispf.pf/ISPF/Libraries/RP2007/Quartiers_des_Iles_Du_Vent.pdf |date=July 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/cartographie/Papeete_gen.pdf Map of wards subdivision]</ref><ref>[http://www.ispf.pf/docs/default-source/publi-pr/Atlas_d%C3%A9mographique_-_recensement_de_2007_-_Parties_R%C3%A9trospective_nomenclatures_et_d%C3%A9finitions.pdf List of wards subdivision]</ref>
{| class="toptextcells"
{| class="toptextcells"
|-
|-
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|-bgcolor="#FFE7BA"
|-bgcolor="#FFE7BA"
| style="text-align:left" | 35A
| style="text-align:left" | 35A
| style="text-align:left" | Manu Hoe -<br />Fare ute - Motu uta
| style="text-align:left" | Manuhō'ē -<br />Fare'ute - Motu uta
| align="right" | 1.15
| align="right" | 1.15
| align="right" | 2,301
| align="right" | 2,301
Line 66: Line 77:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left" | 35D
| style="text-align:left" | 35D
| style="text-align:left" | Fari{{okina}}ipiti
| style="text-align:left" | Fāri{{okina}}ipiti
| align="right" | 0.34
| align="right" | 0.34
| align="right" | 1,811
| align="right" | 1,811
Line 101: Line 112:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left" | 35I
| style="text-align:left" | 35I
| style="text-align:left" | Tipaerui
| style="text-align:left" | Tīpaeru'i
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 4,187
| align="right" | 4,187
Line 115: Line 126:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left" | 35K
| style="text-align:left" | 35K
| style="text-align:left" | Mamao
| style="text-align:left" | Mama'o
| align="right" | 0.52
| align="right" | 0.52
| align="right" | 2,269
| align="right" | 2,269
Line 123: Line 134:
|-style="background: #DDD;" | class="sortbottom"
|-style="background: #DDD;" | class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left" | 35
| style="text-align:left" | 35
| style="text-align:left" | Pape{{okina}}ete
| style="text-align:left" | Pape{{okina}}etē
| align="right" | 17.64
| align="right" | 17.64
| align="right" | 26,925
| align="right" | 26,925
Line 130: Line 141:
|}
|}
|-
|-
|[[File:Quartiers_de_Papeete.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|center|Pape{{okina}}ete: subdivision in 11 ''quartiers'']]
|[[File:Quartiers_de_Papeete.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|center|Pape{{okina}}etē: subdivision in 11 ''quartiers'']]
|}
|}


===Climate===
===Climate===
Pape{{okina}}ete features a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (''Am'' according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]) with a wet season and dry season, bordering a tropical rainforest climate, with high temperatures and humidity year round. However, precipitation is observed even during the city's dry season. The dry season is short, covering only the months of August and September. The rest of the year is wet, with the heaviest precipitation falling in the months of December and January. Sunshine is moderately high, as most precipitation comes as thunderstorms and cyclones, and doesn't last for long.
Pape{{okina}}etē features a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (''Am'' according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]) with a wet season and dry season, bordering a tropical rainforest climate, with high temperatures and humidity year round. However, precipitation is observed even during the city's dry season. The dry season is short, covering only the months of August and September. The rest of the year is wet, with the heaviest precipitation falling in the months of December and January. Sunshine is moderately high, as most precipitation comes as thunderstorms and cyclones, and does not last for long.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location= Pape{{okina}}ete (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1976−present)
| location = Pape{{okina}}etē (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1976−present)
|metric first= Y
| metric first = Y
|single line= Y
| single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 36.0
| Jan record high C = 36.0
|Feb record high C = 34.3
| Feb record high C = 34.3
|Mar record high C = 35.3
| Mar record high C = 35.3
|Apr record high C = 35.0
| Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 34.5
| May record high C = 34.5
|Jun record high C = 33.8
| Jun record high C = 33.8
|Jul record high C = 33.0
| Jul record high C = 33.0
|Aug record high C = 33.9
| Aug record high C = 33.9
|Sep record high C = 33.9
| Sep record high C = 33.9
|Oct record high C = 33.9
| Oct record high C = 33.9
|Nov record high C = 34.0
| Nov record high C = 34.0
|Dec record high C = 34.3
| Dec record high C = 34.3
|year record high C = 36.0
| year record high C = 36.0
|Jan high C = 31.2
| Jan high C = 31.2
|Feb high C = 31.4
| Feb high C = 31.4
|Mar high C = 31.9
| Mar high C = 31.9
|Apr high C = 31.8
| Apr high C = 31.8
|May high C = 31.1
| May high C = 31.1
|Jun high C = 30.3
| Jun high C = 30.3
|Jul high C = 30.0
| Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 30.0
| Aug high C = 30.0
|Sep high C = 30.3
| Sep high C = 30.3
|Oct high C = 30.5
| Oct high C = 30.5
|Nov high C = 30.6
| Nov high C = 30.6
|Dec high C = 30.4
| Dec high C = 30.4
|year high C = 30.8
| year high C = 30.8
|Jan mean C = 27.1
| Jan mean C = 27.1
|Feb mean C = 27.2
| Feb mean C = 27.2
|Mar mean C = 27.6
| Mar mean C = 27.6
|Apr mean C = 27.6
| Apr mean C = 27.6
|May mean C = 26.8
| May mean C = 26.8
|Jun mean C = 25.9
| Jun mean C = 25.9
|Jul mean C = 25.6
| Jul mean C = 25.6
|Aug mean C = 25.5
| Aug mean C = 25.5
|Sep mean C = 25.9
| Sep mean C = 25.9
|Oct mean C = 26.3
| Oct mean C = 26.3
|Nov mean C = 26.6
| Nov mean C = 26.6
|Dec mean C = 26.6
| Dec mean C = 26.6
|year mean C = 26.6
| year mean C = 26.6
|Jan low C = 23.0
| Jan low C = 23.0
|Feb low C = 23.1
| Feb low C = 23.1
|Mar low C = 23.4
| Mar low C = 23.4
|Apr low C = 23.3
| Apr low C = 23.3
|May low C = 22.6
| May low C = 22.6
|Jun low C = 21.6
| Jun low C = 21.6
|Jul low C = 21.2
| Jul low C = 21.2
|Aug low C = 21.1
| Aug low C = 21.1
|Sep low C = 21.6
| Sep low C = 21.6
|Oct low C = 22.1
| Oct low C = 22.1
|Nov low C = 22.6
| Nov low C = 22.6
|Dec low C = 22.9
| Dec low C = 22.9
|year low C = 22.4
| year low C = 22.4
|Jan record low C = 19.2
| Jan record low C = 19.2
|Feb record low C = 19.2
| Feb record low C = 19.2
|Mar record low C = 20.4
| Mar record low C = 20.4
|Apr record low C = 20.1
| Apr record low C = 20.1
|May record low C = 19.5
| May record low C = 19.5
|Jun record low C = 16.9
| Jun record low C = 16.9
|Jul record low C = 16.0
| Jul record low C = 16.0
|Aug record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 17.0
|Sep record low C = 17.0
| Sep record low C = 17.0
|Oct record low C = 16.0
| Oct record low C = 16.0
|Nov record low C = 19.0
| Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 19.4
| Dec record low C = 19.4
|year record low C = 16.0
| year record low C = 16.0
|precipitation colour = green
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 317.5
| Jan precipitation mm = 317.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 277.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 277.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 240.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 240.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 143.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 143.1
|May precipitation mm = 149.5
| May precipitation mm = 149.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 80.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 80.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 62.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 62.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 66.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 66.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 64.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 64.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 120.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 120.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 155.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 155.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 396.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 396.8
|year precipitation mm = 2075.1
| year precipitation mm = 2075.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14.6
| Jan precipitation days = 14.6
|Feb precipitation days = 13.4
| Feb precipitation days = 13.4
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
| Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|Apr precipitation days = 9.2
| Apr precipitation days = 9.2
|May precipitation days = 8.5
| May precipitation days = 8.5
|Jun precipitation days = 6.0
| Jun precipitation days = 6.0
|Jul precipitation days = 5.7
| Jul precipitation days = 5.7
|Aug precipitation days = 5.2
| Aug precipitation days = 5.2
|Sep precipitation days = 5.2
| Sep precipitation days = 5.2
|Oct precipitation days = 7.8
| Oct precipitation days = 7.8
|Nov precipitation days = 9.9
| Nov precipitation days = 9.9
|Dec precipitation days = 15.3
| Dec precipitation days = 15.3
|year precipitation days = 112.1
| year precipitation days = 112.1
| Jan sun = 215.5
| Jan sun = 215.5
| Feb sun = 199.2
| Feb sun = 199.2
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| Dec sun = 196.6
| Dec sun = 196.6
| year sun = 2684.9
| year sun = 2684.9
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=98735002|title=Normales et records pour Papeete 2 (987)|publisher=Meteociel|access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref>
| source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=98735002|title=Normales et records pour Papeete 2 (987)|publisher=Meteociel|access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun 1961–1990)<ref>{{cite web
| source 2 = NOAA (sun 1961–1990)<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-V/FP/91938.TXT| title = Papeete Sun Normals 1961-1990 | access-date =12 November 2015 | publisher = NOAA}}</ref>
| url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-V/FP/91938.TXT| title = Papeete Sun Normals 1961-1990 | access-date =12 November 2015 | publisher = NOAA}}</ref>
| source =
}}
}}


==History of Pape{{okina}}ete==
== History of Pape{{okina}}etē ==
{{Multiple image|total_width = 750
{{Multiple image|total_width = 750
<!-- Layout parameters -->
<!-- Layout parameters -->
Line 267: Line 279:
| footer = Relocation of the post office using a [[Decauville]] railway in 1902
| footer = Relocation of the post office using a [[Decauville]] railway in 1902
}}
}}
In 1902, it became necessary to move the post office of Pape{{okina}}ete to another location. Instead of demolishing it and rebuilding it at the new site, it was lifted from the subsoil and moved as a whole on a [[Decauville]] railway.
In 1902, it became necessary to move the post office of Pape{{okina}}etē to another location. Instead of demolishing it and rebuilding it at the new site, it was lifted from the subsoil and moved as a whole on a [[Decauville]] railway.


Previously, during the construction of the Fa{{okina}}aiere water tower with a capacity of 150,000 litres for the drinking water supply of the city of Pape{{okina}}ete, a difference in altitude of {{convert|37|metres|ft}} was overcome with a light railway laid on a {{convert|220|metre}} long inclined plane. A winch driven by a 12-horsepower [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]] or [[Decauville]] locomobile carried three narrow gauge railway trucks at a time, consuming up to {{convert|200|kg}} of coal per day for about sixty journeys.<ref>Aubrac: [http://forum.e-train.fr/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=70842#p1416552 ''Le chemin de fer en Polynésie Française.'']</ref> [[Paul Decauville]] mentioned in a letter to Governor [[Theodore Lacascade]], dated 18 June 1891, an order for "{{convert|15|km}} of {{track gauge|600 mm}} portable rail tracks and about 12,000 francs of rolling stock, payable in three years," presumably for a tramway from Pape{{okina}}ete to [[Punaauia|Puna{{okina}}auia]] operated by hand or animals.<ref>Aubrac: [http://forum.e-train.fr/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=70842&start=15#p1420080 ''Déplacement du bureau de poste de Papeete à l'aide de wagonnets utilisant une voie étroite.'']</ref><ref>[http://materiauxlocauxenpolynesie.blogspot.com/p/une-briqueterie-fare-ute.html ''Matériaux locaux en Polynésie – Plusieurs chemins de fer à Papeete.'']</ref>
Previously, during the construction of the Fa{{okina}}aiere water tower with a capacity of 150,000 litres for the drinking water supply of the city of Pape{{okina}}etē, a difference in altitude of {{convert|37|metres|ft}} was overcome with a light railway laid on a {{convert|220|metre}} long inclined plane. A winch driven by a 12-horsepower [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]] or [[Decauville]] locomobile carried three narrow gauge railway trucks at a time, consuming up to {{convert|200|kg}} of coal per day for about sixty journeys.<ref>Aubrac: [http://forum.e-train.fr/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=70842#p1416552 ''Le chemin de fer en Polynésie Française.'']</ref> [[Paul Decauville]] mentioned in a letter to Governor [[Theodore Lacascade]], dated 18 June 1891, an order for "{{convert|15|km}} of {{track gauge|600 mm}} portable rail tracks and about 12,000 francs of rolling stock, payable in three years," presumably for a tramway from Pape{{okina}}etē to [[Punaauia|Puna{{okina}}auia]] operated by hand or animals.<ref>Aubrac: [http://forum.e-train.fr/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=70842&start=15#p1420080 ''Déplacement du bureau de poste de Papeete à l'aide de wagonnets utilisant une voie étroite.'']</ref><ref>[http://materiauxlocauxenpolynesie.blogspot.com/p/une-briqueterie-fare-ute.html ''Matériaux locaux en Polynésie – Plusieurs chemins de fer à Papeete.'']</ref>


[[File:Papeete Town Hall, Papeete, 2009.jpg|thumb|Pape{{okina}}ete Town Hall, a replica of the Royal Palace of Pape{{okina}}ete razed in the 1960s]]
[[File:Papeete Town Hall, Papeete, 2009.jpg|thumb|Pape{{okina}}etē Town Hall, a replica of the Royal Palace of Pape{{okina}}etē razed in the 1960s]]


At the outbreak of [[World War I]] Pape{{okina}}ete was [[Bombardment of Papeete|shelled]] by German vessels, causing loss of life and significant damage.
At the outbreak of [[World War I]] Pape{{okina}}etē was [[Bombardment of Papeete|shelled]] by German vessels, causing loss of life and significant damage.


The growth of the city was boosted by the decision to move the French nuclear weapon test range from [[Algeria]], which had become independent, to the atolls of [[Moruroa]] and [[Fangataufa]], some {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east of Tahiti. This was motivated, in particular, by the construction of the [[Faa'a International Airport|Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā International Airport]], the only international airport in French Polynesia, near Pape{{okina}}ete. In 1983, [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] built the [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|Pape{{okina}}ete Tahiti Temple]] here because of its large number of members in the region. On 5 September 1995 the government of [[Jacques Chirac]] conducted the first of a series of nuclear test detonations off the shores of Moruroa. A resulting riot in Pape{{okina}}ete lasted for two days and damaged the international airport, injured 40 people, and scared away tourism for some time.<ref name=testing>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-atomic-tests-rioting-scare-off-tahiti.html| title=Atomic Tests and Rioting Scare Off Tahiti Tourists| last=Shenon| first=Philip| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=8 October 1995| access-date=15 July 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401153842/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-atomic-tests-rioting-scare-off-tahiti.html| archive-date=1 April 2019| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/08/world/tahiti-s-antinuclear-protests-turn-violent.html| title=Tahiti's Antinuclear Protests Turn Violent| last=Shenon| first=Philip| newspaper=The New York Times| date=7 September 1995| access-date=15 July 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526142345/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/08/world/tahiti-s-antinuclear-protests-turn-violent.html| archive-date=26 May 2015| url-status=live}}</ref> Similar rioting had occurred after another French nuclear test in the same area in 1987.
The growth of the city was boosted by the decision to move the French nuclear weapon test range from [[Algeria]], which had become independent, to the atolls of [[Moruroa]] and [[Fangataufa]], some {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east of Tahiti. This was motivated, in particular, by the construction of the [[Faa'a International Airport|Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā International Airport]], the only international airport in French Polynesia, near Pape{{okina}}etē. In 1983, [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] built the [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|Pape{{okina}}etē Tahiti Temple]] here because of its large number of members in the region. On 5 September 1995 the government of [[Jacques Chirac]] conducted the first of a series of nuclear test detonations off the shores of Moruroa. A resulting riot in Pape{{okina}}etē lasted for two days and damaged the international airport, injured 40 people, and scared away tourism for some time.<ref name=testing>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-atomic-tests-rioting-scare-off-tahiti.html| title=Atomic Tests and Rioting Scare Off Tahiti Tourists| last=Shenon| first=Philip| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=8 October 1995| access-date=15 July 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401153842/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/travel/travel-advisory-correspondent-s-report-atomic-tests-rioting-scare-off-tahiti.html| archive-date=1 April 2019| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/08/world/tahiti-s-antinuclear-protests-turn-violent.html| title=Tahiti's Antinuclear Protests Turn Violent| last=Shenon| first=Philip| newspaper=The New York Times| date=7 September 1995| access-date=15 July 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526142345/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/08/world/tahiti-s-antinuclear-protests-turn-violent.html| archive-date=26 May 2015| url-status=live}}</ref> Similar rioting had occurred after another French nuclear test in the same area in 1987.


== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
The urban area of Pape{{okina}}ete had a total population of 136,771 inhabitants at the August 2017 census, 26,926 of whom lived in the [[Commune in France|commune]] of Pape{{okina}}ete proper.<ref name=pop2017 /> The urban area of Pape{{okina}}ete is made up of seven communes. They are listed from northeast to southwest:
The urban area of Pape{{okina}}etē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the [[Commune in France|commune]] of Pape{{okina}}etē proper.<ref name=pop2022 /> The urban area of Pape{{okina}}etē is made up of six communes. They are listed from northeast to southwest:


* [[Mahina, French Polynesia|Mahina]]
* [[Mahina, French Polynesia|M'''ā'''hina]]
* [[Arue, French Polynesia|Arue]]
* [[Arue, French Polynesia|Arue]]
* [[Pirae]]
* [[Pirae|Pīra'e]]
* Pape{{okina}}ete (historically the most populous commune in the urban area, and still the administrative capital)
* Pape{{okina}}etē (historically the most populous commune in the urban area, and still the administrative capital)
* [[Faaa|Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā]] (which became in 1988 the most populous commune in the urban area)
* [[Faaa|Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā]] (which became in 1988 the most populous commune in the urban area)
* [[Punaauia|Puna{{okina}}auia]]
* [[Punaauia|Puna{{okina}}auia]]
* [[Paea]]


===Historical population===
===Historical population===
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! !! 1956 !! 1962 !! 1971 !! 1977!! 1983 !! 1988 !! 1996 !! 2002 !! 2007 !! 2012 !! 2017
! !! 1956 !! 1962 !! 1971 !! 1977!! 1983 !! 1988 !! 1996 !! 2002 !! 2007 !! 2012 !! 2017
|-
|-
| align=center| '''Pape{{okina}}ete (commune)''' || align=center| 18,089 || align=center| 19,903 || align=center| 25,342 || align=center| 22,967 || align=center| 23,496 || align=center| 23,555 || align=center| 25,553 || align=center| 26,222 || align=center| 26,017 || align=center| 25,769 || align=center| 26,926
| align=center| '''Pape{{okina}}etē (commune)''' || align=center| 18,089 || align=center| 19,903 || align=center| 25,342 || align=center| 22,967 || align=center| 23,496 || align=center| 23,555 || align=center| 25,553 || align=center| 26,222 || align=center| 26,017 || align=center| 25,769 || align=center| 26,926
|-
|-
| align=center| '''Pape{{okina}}ete (urban area)''' || align=center| 28,975 || align=center| 35,514 || align=center| 65,185 || align=center| 77,781 || align=center| 93,294 || align=center| 103,857 || align=center| 115,759 || align=center| 127,327 || align=center| 131,695 || align=center| 133,627 || align=center| 136,771
| align=center| '''Pape{{okina}}etē (urban area)''' || align=center| 28,975 || align=center| 35,514 || align=center| 65,185 || align=center| 77,781 || align=center| 93,294 || align=center| 103,857 || align=center| 115,759 || align=center| 127,327 || align=center| 131,695 || align=center| 133,627 || align=center| 136,771
|-
|-
| colspan=12 align=center| <small>Official figures from population censuses.<ref name=pop2017 /><ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement/populegalescom/popcomseupolynesie.htm|title=Population des communes de Polynésie française|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705074755/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement%2Fpopulegalescom%2Fpopcomseupolynesie.htm|archive-date=2014-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/travaux_d/00785.pdf|title=Punaauia-Paea - contact ville-campagne et croissance urbaine de la côte ouest de Tahiti|author=Jean Fages|publisher=ORSTOM|year=1975|page=21|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019121043/http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/travaux_d/00785.pdf|archive-date=2015-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2002/retro1.sflb.ashx |title=Population statistique des communes et communes associées aux recensements de 1971 à 2002 |publisher=ISPF |access-date=2013-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218221151/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2002/retro1.sflb.ashx |archive-date=2012-12-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement/populegalescom/2007/popcomseupolynesie.htm|title=Population des communes de Polynésie française au RP 2007|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705083706/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement%2Fpopulegalescom%2F2007%2Fpopcomseupolynesie.htm|archive-date=2014-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref></small>
| colspan=12 align=center| <small>Official figures from population censuses.<ref name=pop2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3294364?sommaire=2122700&q=populations+l%C3%A9gales+polyn%C3%A9sie+2017|title=Populations légales de Polynésie française en 2017|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2018-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508033507/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3294364?sommaire=2122700&q=populations+l%C3%A9gales+polyn%C3%A9sie+2017|archive-date=2018-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement/populegalescom/popcomseupolynesie.htm|title=Population des communes de Polynésie française|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705074755/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement%2Fpopulegalescom%2Fpopcomseupolynesie.htm|archive-date=2014-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/travaux_d/00785.pdf|title=Punaauia-Paea - contact ville-campagne et croissance urbaine de la côte ouest de Tahiti|author=Jean Fages|publisher=ORSTOM|year=1975|page=21|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019121043/http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/travaux_d/00785.pdf|archive-date=2015-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2002/retro1.sflb.ashx |title=Population statistique des communes et communes associées aux recensements de 1971 à 2002 |publisher=ISPF |access-date=2013-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218221151/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2002/retro1.sflb.ashx |archive-date=2012-12-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement/populegalescom/2007/popcomseupolynesie.htm|title=Population des communes de Polynésie française au RP 2007|publisher=INSEE|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705083706/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=populegalescom&page=recensement%2Fpopulegalescom%2F2007%2Fpopcomseupolynesie.htm|archive-date=2014-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref></small>
|}
|}


Average population growth of the Pape{{okina}}ete urban area:
Average population growth of the Pape{{okina}}etē urban area:


* 1956–1962: +1,107 people per year (+3.5% per year)
* 1956–1962: +1,107 people per year (+3.5% per year)
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===Migrations===
===Migrations===
The places of birth of the 136,771 residents in the Pape{{okina}}ete urban area at the 2017 census were the following (2007 census in parenthesis):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |title=Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations |author=Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF) |access-date=2019-04-07 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407144337/http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |archive-date=2019-04-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Migrations.aspx|title=Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Migrations|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113145349/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Migrations.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
The places of birth of the 136,771 residents in the Pape{{okina}}etē urban area at the 2017 census were the following (2007 census in parentheses):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |title=Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations |author=Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF) |access-date=2019-04-07 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407144337/http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |archive-date=2019-04-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Migrations.aspx|title=Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Migrations|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113145349/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Migrations.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=live}}</ref>


* 72.5% were born in [[Tahiti]] (up from 68.4% at the 2007 census)
* 72.5% were born in [[Tahiti]] (up from 68.4% at the 2007 census)
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===Languages===
===Languages===
At the 2017 census, 98.4% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}ete whose age was 15 years and older reported that they could speak [[French language|French]] (up from 98.2% at the 2007 census). 96.7% reported that they could also read and write it (up from 96.5% at the 2007 census). Only 0.7% of the population whose age was 15 years and older had no knowledge of French (down from 1.2% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017>{{cite web |url=http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |title=Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations |author=Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF) |access-date=2019-06-16 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711072006/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |archive-date=2019-07-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lang_2007>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Langues.aspx|title=Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Langues|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113145404/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Langues.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
At the 2017 census, 98.4% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}etē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they could speak [[French language|French]] (up from 98.2% at the 2007 census). 96.7% reported that they could also read and write it (up from 96.5% at the 2007 census). Only 0.7% of the population whose age was 15 years and older had no knowledge of French (down from 1.2% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017>{{cite web |url=http://ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |title=Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations |author=Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF) |access-date=2019-06-16 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711072006/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2017/Donnees_detaillees/Migrations.aspx |archive-date=2019-07-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lang_2007>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Langues.aspx|title=Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Langues|publisher=ISPF|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113145404/http://www.ispf.pf/bases/Recensements/2007/Details/Langues.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=live}}</ref>


At the same census, 83.9% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}ete whose age was 15 years and older reported that the language they spoke the most at home was French (up from 79.7% at the 2007 census). 13.5% reported that [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]] was the language they spoke the most at home (down from 16.5% at the 2007 census). 1.2% reported another [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian language]] (down from 1.7% at the 2007 census), 0.9% reported a [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese dialect]] (down from 1.6% at the 2007 census), half of whom speak [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], and 0.5% reported another language (same as in 2007).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />
At the same census, 83.9% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}etē whose age was 15 years and older reported that the language they spoke the most at home was French (up from 79.7% at the 2007 census). 13.5% reported that [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]] was the language they spoke the most at home (down from 16.5% at the 2007 census). 1.2% reported another [[Polynesian languages|Polynesian language]] (down from 1.7% at the 2007 census), 0.9% reported a [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese dialect]] (down from 1.6% at the 2007 census), half of whom speak [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], and 0.5% reported another language (same as in 2007).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />


19.8% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}ete whose age was 15 years and older reported that they had no knowledge of any Polynesian language at the 2017 census (up from 19.5% at the 2007 census), whereas 80.2% reported that they had some form of knowledge of at least one Polynesian language (down from 80.5% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />
19.8% of the population in the urban area of Pape{{okina}}etē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they had no knowledge of any Polynesian language at the 2017 census (up from 19.5% at the 2007 census), whereas 80.2% reported that they had some form of knowledge of at least one Polynesian language (down from 80.5% at the 2007 census).<ref name=lang_2017 /><ref name=lang_2007 />


==Travel and tourism==
==Travel and tourism==


Travelling tourists arrive and depart Pape{{okina}}ete by private yacht or via [[cruise ship]] at Pape{{okina}}ete Harbor, or by air at Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā International Airport, which was completed and opened in 1962.
Travelling tourists arrive and depart Pape{{okina}}etē by private yacht or via [[cruise ship]] at Pape{{okina}}etē Harbor, or by air at Fa{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā International Airport, which was completed and opened in 1962.


==Main sights==
==Main sights==
[[File:Marché Papeete2.jpg|thumb|[[Papeete Market|Marché Pape{{okina}}ete]]]]
[[File:Marché Papeete2.jpg|thumb|[[Papeete Market|Marché Pape{{okina}}etē]]]]
[[File:PapeeteWaterfront2003.jpg|thumb|Pape{{okina}}ete waterfront]]
[[File:PapeeteWaterfront2003.jpg|thumb|Pape{{okina}}etē waterfront]]


* The waterfront esplanade.
* The waterfront esplanade.
* Bougainville Park (once named Albert Park, in honour of a former Belgian king and World War One hero), is now named for [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville]], the first French explorer to circumnavigate the globe.
* Bougainville Park (once named Albert Park, in honour of a former Belgian king and World War One hero), is now named for [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville]], the first French explorer to circumnavigate the globe.
* [[Notre Dame Cathedral, Papeete|Cathedral of Notre Dame of Pape{{okina}}ete]].
* [[Notre Dame Cathedral, Papeete|Cathedral of Notre Dame of Pape{{okina}}etē]].
* The Territorial Assembly is the heart of the Polynesian government and contains the Territorial Assembly building, the High Commissioner's residence and also a once popular clubhouse of Paul Gauguin. It was also once the site of the royal residence and palace of Queen [[Pōmare IV]] of Tahiti, who ruled from 1827 to 1877.
* The Territorial Assembly is the heart of the Polynesian government and contains the Territorial Assembly building, the High Commissioner's residence and also a once popular clubhouse of Paul Gauguin. It was also once the site of the royal residence and palace of Queen [[Pōmare IV]] of Tahiti, who ruled from 1827 to 1877.
* Presidential palace.
* Presidential palace.
* The [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|Pape{{okina}}ete Tahiti Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].
* [[Papeete Market|Pape'etē Market]]
* The [[Papeete Tahiti Temple|Pape{{okina}}etē Tahiti Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].
* The Monument to [[Pouvanaa a Oopa|Pouvana{{okina}}a a Oopa]] (a decorated [[World War I]] hero, Tahitian [[nationalist]], and deputy to Paris for the Tahitian Territorial Assembly).
* The Monument to [[Pouvanaa a Oopa|Pouvana{{okina}}a a Oopa]] (a decorated [[World War I]] hero, Tahitian [[nationalist]], and deputy to Paris for the Tahitian Territorial Assembly).
* The Mairie (town hall).
* The Mairie (town hall).
* [[Papeete Market|Pape{{okina}}ete Market]].


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
* The film ''[[El pasajero clandestino]]'' deals with several persons trying to take control of the inheritance of a recently deceased English film magnate, who travel to Pape{{okina}}ete to look for the heir.
* The film ''[[El pasajero clandestino]]'' deals with several persons trying to take control of the inheritance of a recently deceased English film magnate, who travel to Pape{{okina}}etē to look for the heir.
* Pape{{okina}}ete is mentioned in the songs "[[Southern Cross (Crosby, Stills and Nash song)|Southern Cross]]" by [[Crosby, Stills & Nash]] and "[[Somewhere Over China]]" by [[Jimmy Buffett]].
* Pape{{okina}}etē is mentioned in the songs "[[Southern Cross (Crosby, Stills and Nash song)|Southern Cross]]" by [[Crosby, Stills & Nash]] and "[[Somewhere Over China]]" by [[Jimmy Buffett]].
* Pape{{okina}}ete is mentioned in [[Bruce Brown (director)|Bruce Brown]]'s surf film ''[[The Endless Summer]]'' as one of the surf sites visited by the two longboarders chasing the summer season around the world. The beach at Pape{{okina}}ete is dubbed "Ins and outs" because the steep shore causes waves to break in both directions—toward the beach and out to sea.
* Pape{{okina}}etē is mentioned in [[Bruce Brown (director)|Bruce Brown]]'s surf film ''[[The Endless Summer]]'' as one of the surf sites visited by the two longboarders chasing the summer season around the world. The beach at Pape{{okina}}ete is dubbed "Ins and outs" because the steep shore causes waves to break in both directions—toward the beach and out to sea.
* The first chapter of [[Robert A. Heinlein]]'s 1984 novel ''[[Job: A Comedy of Justice]]'' is set in Pape'ete.
* The first chapter of [[Robert A. Heinlein]]'s 1984 novel ''[[Job: A Comedy of Justice]]'' is set in Pape'ete.
* Pape{{okina}}ete is where [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s "The Ebb Tide" begins.
* Pape{{okina}}etē is where [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s "The Ebb Tide" begins.
* Pape{{okina}}ete is a setting in ''[[Mutiny on the Bounty]]''
* Pape{{okina}}etē is a setting in ''[[Mutiny on the Bounty]]''
* [[Papeete (schooner)|''Papeete'']], a [[schooner]] built by [[Matthew Turner (shipbuilder)|Matthew Turner]], who had extensive business interests in Tahiti, was known for a fast passage from San Francisco to Tahiti of 17 days.<ref name = "Gibbs" >{{Cite book
* [[Papeete (schooner)|''Pape'etē'']], a [[schooner]] built by [[Matthew Turner (shipbuilder)|Matthew Turner]], who had extensive business interests in Tahiti, was known for a fast passage from San Francisco to Tahiti of 17 days.<ref name = "Gibbs" >{{Cite book
| last = Gibbs
| last = Gibbs
| first = Jim
| first = Jim
Line 372: Line 383:
| isbn = 978-0-517-17060-1}}
| isbn = 978-0-517-17060-1}}
</ref>
</ref>
* Pape{{okina}}etē is mentioned in [[Paul Thomas Anderson]]'s crime-drama film ''[[Inherent Vice (film)|Inherent Vice]]'' as a possible destination (never reached) of Burke Stodger in a getaway on his boat after being blacklisted by Hollywood.


==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Immeuble Dexter - Pont de L’Est - Papeete - Tahiti - Polynésie française.jpg|thumb|upright|''Immeuble Dexter'', the head office of [[Air Tahiti Nui]]]]
[[File:Immeuble Dexter - Pont de L’Est - Papeete - Tahiti - Polynésie française.jpg|thumb|upright|''Immeuble Dexter'', the head office of [[Air Tahiti Nui]]]]
[[Air Tahiti Nui]] has its head office in the ''Immeuble Dexter'' in Pape{{okina}}ete.<ref>"{{cite web |url=http://pf.airtahitinui.com/contactez-air-tahiti-nui.html |title=Air Tahiti Nui Réservation vol à petit prix et promo |access-date=2012-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114061401/http://pf.airtahitinui.com/contactez-air-tahiti-nui.html |archive-date=2012-11-14 }}." [[Air Tahiti Nui]]. Retrieved on 7 November 2012. "Tahiti – Siège social Immeuble Dexter – Pont de L'Est – Papeete BP 1673 – 98713 Papeete – Tahiti."</ref>
[[Air Tahiti Nui]] has its head office in the ''Immeuble Dexter'' in Pape{{okina}}etē.<ref>"{{cite web |url=http://pf.airtahitinui.com/contactez-air-tahiti-nui.html |title=Air Tahiti Nui Réservation vol à petit prix et promo |access-date=2012-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114061401/http://pf.airtahitinui.com/contactez-air-tahiti-nui.html |archive-date=2012-11-14 }}." [[Air Tahiti Nui]]. Retrieved on 7 November 2012. "Tahiti – Siège social Immeuble Dexter – Pont de L'Est – Papeete BP 1673 – 98713 Papeete – Tahiti."</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Line 417: Line 429:


[[Category:Papeete| ]]
[[Category:Papeete| ]]
[[Category:1818 establishments in Tahiti]]
[[Category:Capitals in Oceania]]
[[Category:Capitals in Oceania]]
[[Category:Communes of French Polynesia]]
[[Category:Communes of French Polynesia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1818]]
[[Category:Port cities in Oceania]]
[[Category:Port cities in Oceania]]
[[Category:Towns and villages in Tahiti]]
[[Category:Towns and villages in Tahiti]]

Latest revision as of 21:59, 16 August 2024

Papeʻetē
Top: Aerial view of Pape'etē; Middle: Cathedral of Notre Dame of Papeʻetē, Presidential palace; Bottom: Pape'etēTown Hall, Bougainville Park
Location of the commune (in red) within the Windward Islands
Location of the commune (in red) within the Windward Islands
Location of Papeʻetē
Map
Coordinates: 17°32′06″S 149°34′11″W / 17.535°S 149.5696°W / -17.535; -149.5696
CountryFrance
Overseas collectivityFrench Polynesia
SubdivisionWindward Islands
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Michel Buillard[1]
Area
17.4 km2 (6.7 sq mi)
 • Urban
299.5 km2 (115.6 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[3]
26,654
 • Density1,500/km2 (4,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
124,274
 • Urban density410/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−10:00
INSEE/Postal code
98735 /98714
Elevation0–621 m (0–2,037 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Papeete (Tahitian: Papeʻete, pronounced [pa.pe.ʔe.te]; old name: Vaiʻete[4]) is the capital city of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Papeete is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, of which Papeete is the administrative capital.[5] Both the President of French Polynesia and French High Commissioner reside in Papeete.[6]

It is the primary center of Tahitian and French Polynesian public and private governmental, commercial, industrial, and financial services, the hub of French Polynesian tourism and a commonly used port of call.[6] The Windward Islands are themselves part of the Society Islands. The name Papeʻetē,[Note 1] means "water from a basket"[7]— this was an effect of a naming taboo during Pōmare I's reign where the Tahitian contemporary word for water vai was substituted with pape,[8] the old name Vaiʻetē is still recognised in some areas such as the Marquesas.[4] The urban area of Papeʻetē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the commune of Papeʻetē proper.[3]

Geography

[edit]
A 50 centimes World War II banknote (1943), printed in Papeʻetē, depicting the outline of Tahiti (rev).
A 50 centimes World War II banknote (1943), printed in Papeʻetē, depicting the outline of Tahiti (rev).

The commune of Papeʻetē is subdivided into eleven quartiers (wards):[9][10][11]

ID
Quartier
Quartier Area
km2
Pop.
2017-08-17
Density
/km2
Location
35A Manuhō'ē -
Fare'ute - Motu uta
1.15 2,301 2,000 coast
35B Patutoa 0.44 1,653 3,748 coast
35C Taunoa 0.40 2,187 5,512 coast
35D Fāriʻipiti 0.34 1,811 5,332 near coast
35E Titioro 3.53 3,566 1,009 inland
35F Tepapa 4.63 3,407 736 inland
35G Faiere 0.87 1,933 2,213 coast
35H Pic Rouge 3.23 1,973 611 inland
35I Tīpaeru'i 1.93 4,187 2,143 coast
35J Paofai 0.60 1,638 2,743 coast
35K Mama'o 0.52 2,269 4,343 near coast
35 Papeʻetē 17.64 26,925 1,526
Papeʻetē: subdivision in 11 quartiers

Climate

[edit]

Papeʻetē features a tropical monsoon climate (Am according to the Köppen climate classification) with a wet season and dry season, bordering a tropical rainforest climate, with high temperatures and humidity year round. However, precipitation is observed even during the city's dry season. The dry season is short, covering only the months of August and September. The rest of the year is wet, with the heaviest precipitation falling in the months of December and January. Sunshine is moderately high, as most precipitation comes as thunderstorms and cyclones, and does not last for long.

Climate data for Papeʻetē (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1976−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.0
(96.8)
34.3
(93.7)
35.3
(95.5)
35.0
(95.0)
34.5
(94.1)
33.8
(92.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.9
(93.0)
33.9
(93.0)
33.9
(93.0)
34.0
(93.2)
34.3
(93.7)
36.0
(96.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2)
31.4
(88.5)
31.9
(89.4)
31.8
(89.2)
31.1
(88.0)
30.3
(86.5)
30.0
(86.0)
30.0
(86.0)
30.3
(86.5)
30.5
(86.9)
30.6
(87.1)
30.4
(86.7)
30.8
(87.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.1
(80.8)
27.2
(81.0)
27.6
(81.7)
27.6
(81.7)
26.8
(80.2)
25.9
(78.6)
25.6
(78.1)
25.5
(77.9)
25.9
(78.6)
26.3
(79.3)
26.6
(79.9)
26.6
(79.9)
26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4)
23.1
(73.6)
23.4
(74.1)
23.3
(73.9)
22.6
(72.7)
21.6
(70.9)
21.2
(70.2)
21.1
(70.0)
21.6
(70.9)
22.1
(71.8)
22.6
(72.7)
22.9
(73.2)
22.4
(72.3)
Record low °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6)
19.2
(66.6)
20.4
(68.7)
20.1
(68.2)
19.5
(67.1)
16.9
(62.4)
16.0
(60.8)
17.0
(62.6)
17.0
(62.6)
16.0
(60.8)
19.0
(66.2)
19.4
(66.9)
16.0
(60.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 317.5
(12.50)
277.7
(10.93)
240.2
(9.46)
143.1
(5.63)
149.5
(5.89)
80.8
(3.18)
62.7
(2.47)
66.4
(2.61)
64.3
(2.53)
120.9
(4.76)
155.2
(6.11)
396.8
(15.62)
2,075.1
(81.70)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14.6 13.4 11.3 9.2 8.5 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.2 7.8 9.9 15.3 112.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 215.5 199.2 226.0 230.3 228.6 220.0 235.2 251.1 241.6 232.1 208.7 196.6 2,684.9
Source 1: Meteociel[12]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[13]

History of Papeʻetē

[edit]
Relocation of the post office using a Decauville railway in 1902

In 1902, it became necessary to move the post office of Papeʻetē to another location. Instead of demolishing it and rebuilding it at the new site, it was lifted from the subsoil and moved as a whole on a Decauville railway.

Previously, during the construction of the Faʻaiere water tower with a capacity of 150,000 litres for the drinking water supply of the city of Papeʻetē, a difference in altitude of 37 metres (121 ft) was overcome with a light railway laid on a 220 metres (720 ft) long inclined plane. A winch driven by a 12-horsepower Fowler or Decauville locomobile carried three narrow gauge railway trucks at a time, consuming up to 200 kilograms (440 lb) of coal per day for about sixty journeys.[14] Paul Decauville mentioned in a letter to Governor Theodore Lacascade, dated 18 June 1891, an order for "15 kilometres (9.3 mi) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in) portable rail tracks and about 12,000 francs of rolling stock, payable in three years," presumably for a tramway from Papeʻetē to Punaʻauia operated by hand or animals.[15][16]

Papeʻetē Town Hall, a replica of the Royal Palace of Papeʻetē razed in the 1960s

At the outbreak of World War I Papeʻetē was shelled by German vessels, causing loss of life and significant damage.

The growth of the city was boosted by the decision to move the French nuclear weapon test range from Algeria, which had become independent, to the atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa, some 1,500 km (930 mi) to the east of Tahiti. This was motivated, in particular, by the construction of the Faʻaʻā International Airport, the only international airport in French Polynesia, near Papeʻetē. In 1983, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built the Papeʻetē Tahiti Temple here because of its large number of members in the region. On 5 September 1995 the government of Jacques Chirac conducted the first of a series of nuclear test detonations off the shores of Moruroa. A resulting riot in Papeʻetē lasted for two days and damaged the international airport, injured 40 people, and scared away tourism for some time.[17][18] Similar rioting had occurred after another French nuclear test in the same area in 1987.

Transportation

[edit]

The streets of the town center are very busy, and traffic can be a problem since they are very narrow. The Tahiti freeway starts close to the town center as Pōmare Boulevard, named after the Tahitian Royal Family of the 19th century. By air, passengers depart from the Faʻaʻā International Airport. Domestic interisland service is operated by Air Tahiti with international flights being operated by Air Tahiti Nui, Air France, LATAM Chile, United and other airlines. By sea, passengers can use a marine ferry service for travel to Moorea or a Bora Bora cruise line service for travel to Bora Bora.

Demographics

[edit]

The urban area of Papeʻetē had a total population of 124,724 inhabitants at the 2022 census, 26,654 of whom lived in the commune of Papeʻetē proper.[3] The urban area of Papeʻetē is made up of six communes. They are listed from northeast to southwest:

  • Māhina
  • Arue
  • Pīra'e
  • Papeʻetē (historically the most populous commune in the urban area, and still the administrative capital)
  • Faʻaʻā (which became in 1988 the most populous commune in the urban area)
  • Punaʻauia

Historical population

[edit]
1956 1962 1971 1977 1983 1988 1996 2002 2007 2012 2017
Papeʻetē (commune) 18,089 19,903 25,342 22,967 23,496 23,555 25,553 26,222 26,017 25,769 26,926
Papeʻetē (urban area) 28,975 35,514 65,185 77,781 93,294 103,857 115,759 127,327 131,695 133,627 136,771
Official figures from population censuses.[19][20][21][22][23]

Average population growth of the Papeʻetē urban area:

  • 1956–1962: +1,107 people per year (+3.5% per year)
  • 1962–1971: +3,597 people per year (+7.6% per year)
  • 1971–1977: +2,025 people per year (+2.9% per year)
  • 1977–1983: +2,400 people per year (+2.9% per year)
  • 1983–1988: +2,158 people per year (+2.2% per year)
  • 1988–1996: +1,489 people per year (+1.4% per year)
  • 1996–2002: +1,873 people per year (+1.6% per year)
  • 2002–2007: +913 people per year (+0.7% per year)
  • 2007–2012: +386 people per year (+0.3% per year)
  • 2012–2017: +631 people per year (+0.5% per year)

Migrations

[edit]

The places of birth of the 136,771 residents in the Papeʻetē urban area at the 2017 census were the following (2007 census in parentheses):[24][25]

Languages

[edit]

At the 2017 census, 98.4% of the population in the urban area of Papeʻetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they could speak French (up from 98.2% at the 2007 census). 96.7% reported that they could also read and write it (up from 96.5% at the 2007 census). Only 0.7% of the population whose age was 15 years and older had no knowledge of French (down from 1.2% at the 2007 census).[26][27]

At the same census, 83.9% of the population in the urban area of Papeʻetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that the language they spoke the most at home was French (up from 79.7% at the 2007 census). 13.5% reported that Tahitian was the language they spoke the most at home (down from 16.5% at the 2007 census). 1.2% reported another Polynesian language (down from 1.7% at the 2007 census), 0.9% reported a Chinese dialect (down from 1.6% at the 2007 census), half of whom speak Hakka, and 0.5% reported another language (same as in 2007).[26][27]

19.8% of the population in the urban area of Papeʻetē whose age was 15 years and older reported that they had no knowledge of any Polynesian language at the 2017 census (up from 19.5% at the 2007 census), whereas 80.2% reported that they had some form of knowledge of at least one Polynesian language (down from 80.5% at the 2007 census).[26][27]

Travel and tourism

[edit]

Travelling tourists arrive and depart Papeʻetē by private yacht or via cruise ship at Papeʻetē Harbor, or by air at Faʻaʻā International Airport, which was completed and opened in 1962.

Main sights

[edit]
Marché Papeʻetē
Papeʻetē waterfront
[edit]

Economy

[edit]
Immeuble Dexter, the head office of Air Tahiti Nui

Air Tahiti Nui has its head office in the Immeuble Dexter in Papeʻetē.[29]

Education

[edit]

The Lycée Paul-Gauguin is located in the city.

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

Explanatory footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Sometimes also spelled Papeete in languages other than Tahitian. The use of the ʻokina, which looks similar to an apostrophe, to represent the glottal stop, is promoted by the Académie Tahitienne and accepted by the territorial government (see http://www.farevanaa.pf/theme_detail.php?id=5). The ʻokina, however, is often omitted. Archived June 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "R1- Population sans doubles comptes, des subdivisions, communes et communes associées de Polynésie française, de 1971 à 1996". ISPF. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
  3. ^ a b c "Les résultats du recensement de la population 2022 de Polynésie française" [Results of the 2022 population census of French Polynesia] (PDF) (in French). Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. January 2023.
  4. ^ a b Personal communication with Michael Koch in Schütz, Albert J. (2020). Hawaiian language: past, present, and future: what every teacher and student of Hawaiian might like to know about the history and future of the language. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. p. 5. ISBN 9780824869830.
  5. ^ Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française Archived 2019-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, Légifrance
  6. ^ a b Kay, p. 106
  7. ^ Kay, p. 102.
  8. ^ White, Ralph Gardner (1968). "Borrowing and Taboo in Eastern Polynesia". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 77 (1): 64–5. ISSN 0032-4000.
  9. ^ Arue – 12A Arahiri/Rimapp Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Map of wards subdivision
  11. ^ List of wards subdivision
  12. ^ "Normales et records pour Papeete 2 (987)". Meteociel. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  13. ^ "Papeete Sun Normals 1961-1990". NOAA. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  14. ^ Aubrac: Le chemin de fer en Polynésie Française.
  15. ^ Aubrac: Déplacement du bureau de poste de Papeete à l'aide de wagonnets utilisant une voie étroite.
  16. ^ Matériaux locaux en Polynésie – Plusieurs chemins de fer à Papeete.
  17. ^ Shenon, Philip (8 October 1995). "Atomic Tests and Rioting Scare Off Tahiti Tourists". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  18. ^ Shenon, Philip (7 September 1995). "Tahiti's Antinuclear Protests Turn Violent". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Populations légales de Polynésie française en 2017". INSEE. Archived from the original on 2018-05-08. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
  20. ^ "Population des communes de Polynésie française". INSEE. Archived from the original on 2014-07-05. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  21. ^ Jean Fages (1975). "Punaauia-Paea - contact ville-campagne et croissance urbaine de la côte ouest de Tahiti" (PDF). ORSTOM. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  22. ^ "Population statistique des communes et communes associées aux recensements de 1971 à 2002". ISPF. Archived from the original on 2012-12-18. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  23. ^ "Population des communes de Polynésie française au RP 2007". INSEE. Archived from the original on 2014-07-05. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  24. ^ Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF). "Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations" (in French). Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  25. ^ "Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Migrations". ISPF. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  26. ^ a b c Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF). "Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées - Migrations" (in French). Archived from the original on 2019-07-11. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
  27. ^ a b c "Recensements de la population → 2007 → Données détaillées → Langues". ISPF. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  28. ^ Gibbs, Jim (1968). West Coast Windjammers in Story and Pictures. Seattle: Superior Publishing Co. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-517-17060-1.
  29. ^ ""Air Tahiti Nui Réservation vol à petit prix et promo". Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2012-11-07.." Air Tahiti Nui. Retrieved on 7 November 2012. "Tahiti – Siège social Immeuble Dexter – Pont de L'Est – Papeete BP 1673 – 98713 Papeete – Tahiti."
  30. ^ "Andy Tupaia: sensibilité et création musicale". Tahiti Jukebox. Archived from the original on 26 August 2004.

General and cited references

[edit]
  • Kay, Robert F. (2001). Hidden Tahiti. Berkeley, California: Ulysses Press. ISBN 1-56975-222-2.
[edit]