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{{Short description|Polish pilot (1920–2014)}}
[[Image:Herb Piłsudski.PNG|thumb|right|[[Piłsudski coat of arms]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
'''[[Pilot Officer|Plt Off]] Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska''' (born [[20 February]] [[1920]] in [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]) is a daughter of [[Józef Piłsudski]], ''[[szlachcianka]]'', [[aviator]] during the [[II World War]], pilot of [[Air Transport Auxiliary]].
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Jadwiga Piłsudska
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| image = JadwigaPiłsudska.jpeg
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1920|02|28}}
| birth_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| disappeared_date =
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| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=y|2014|11|16|1920|2|28}} }}
| death_place = Warsaw, Poland
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| nationality = [[Polish people|Polish]]
| other_names = Jadwiga Jaraczewska
| citizenship =
| education = Wanda Szachtmajer Female High School
| alma_mater = [[Newnham College, Cambridge]]<br/>[[Polish University Abroad]]
| occupation = architect
| years_active =
| employer = Office of Urban Planning ([[London County Council]])
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| spouse = [[Andrzej Jaraczewski]]
| partner =
| children = Krzysztof Józef Jaraczeski<br/>Joanna Maria Onyszkiewicz
| parents = [[Józef Piłsudski]] <small>(father)</small><br/>[[Aleksandra Szczerbińska]] <small>(mother)</small>
| relatives = [[Bronisław Piłsudski]]<small> (Uncle)</small><br/> [[Wanda Piłsudska]] <small>(sister)</small>
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| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{Flag|Poland}}<br/>{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| branch = [[File:Roundel of Poland (1921–1993).svg|20px]] [[Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain|Polish Air Forces]]<br/>[[File:RAF roundel.svg|20px]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]]: [[Air Transport Auxiliary]]
| serviceyears = 1942-1944
| rank = [[File:Second Officer (ATA).svg|20px]] Second Officer ([[Flying Officer]])
| unit = [[White Waltham Airfield|1st Ferry Pool]], [[White Waltham]]
| awards = [[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski BAR.svg|40px|Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta]] [[File:POL Brązowy Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami BAR.svg|40px|Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords]] [[File:POL Medal Lotniczy BAR.svg|40px|Air Force Medal]] [[File:POL Zloty Medal Opiekuna Miejsc Pamięci Narodowej BAR.png|40px|National Places of Remembrance Guardian's Gold Medal]]<br/>[[File:ATA Veteran's Badge.png|40px|Air Transport Auxiliary Veteran's Badge]] [[File:Uczestnikowi Marszu Szlakiem Kadrówki.jpg|40px|Cadre Company March Participant's Badge]]}}
| footnotes =
}}


'''Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska''' ({{IPA|pl|jadˈviɡa piwˈsutska jaraˈt͡ʂɛfska|lang}}; 28 February 1920 – 16 November 2014) was a Polish [[aviator|pilot]] who served in the [[Air Transport Auxiliary]] during the [[Second World War]]. She was one of two daughters of [[Józef Piłsudski]].
==Life==
Jadwiga Piłsudska was born on [[February 20]], [[1920]], in [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]], a daughter of [[Józef Piłsudski]], Poland's [[Naczelnik Państwa|Cheaf of State]], and [[Aleksandra Piłsudska]]. In 1937 she began flying a [[sailplane]] and obtained her pilot's license. In [[1939]] she passed her ''[[matura]]'' and planned to study aircraft engineering at the [[Warsaw University of Technology|Warsaw Polytechnic]].


==Life and career==
In September 1939, when Poland was invaded at the opening of [[World War II]], she evacuated with her mother and sister, [[Wanda Piłsudska]], to the [[United Kingdom]]. There in 1940 she matriculated at [[Cambridge University]]. In July 1942 she joined the [[Air Transport Auxiliary]] as a ferry pilot in the rank of Pilot Officer. She received a airplane pilot's license and began service in airplane ferrying. In 1944 she took a leave to continue studies in the Polish School of Architecture at [[Liverpool University]]. In 1946 she graduated with an engineering degree in architecture. In 1944 she married Lt. Andrzej Jaraczewski, a [[Polish Navy]] officer. After the war she remained in England as a political emigré. She returned to [[Poland]] in 1990. She has two children: a son, Krzysztof ([[English language|English]]: Christopher) and a daughter, Joanna. She lives in [[Warsaw]].
[[File:J.Pilsudska WWS Zaba.jpg|thumb|left|Learning to fly, aged 17]]
[[File:Piłsudski z córką.jpg|thumb|left|125px|Marshal [[Józef Piłsudski|Piłsudski]] with daughter]]
Piłsudska was born on 28 February 1920 in [[Warsaw]], the younger daughter of [[Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski]], Poland's [[Naczelnik Państwa|Chief of State]] (1918–22) and dictator (1926–1935), by the woman who would later become his second wife, [[Aleksandra Piłsudska]] (née Aleksandra Szczerbińska).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11245441/Jadwiga-Pilsudska-Jaraczewska-obituary.html|title=Jadwiga Pilsudska-Jaraczewska - obituary|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2016-12-29}}</ref>


In 1937 Piłsudska began flying [[sailplane|gliders]] and obtained a pilot's licence. In 1939 she graduated from secondary school and decided to study aircraft engineering at the [[Warsaw University of Technology|Warsaw Polytechnic]].<ref name=":0" />
==Honors==

She has been honored with a [[Cross of Merit with Swords|Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords]] and [[Polonia Restituta|Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta]].
In September 1939, Poland was invaded by [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], initiating the [[World War II|Second World War]], and her family realized that under the circumstances it would be prudent to leave the country immediately. Piłsudska fled with her mother and elder sister, [[Wanda Piłsudska|Wanda]], to [[Lithuania]] and eventually arrived in the [[United Kingdom]]. She resumed her studies, in 1940, [[matriculating]] at [[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham College]], [[Cambridge University]] in architecture.<ref name=":0" />

Later she acquired her aircraft pilot's license, and in July 1942, she joined the [[Air Transport Auxiliary]]. With the rank of second officer<ref>T. J. Krzystek, ''Personel Polskich Sił Powietrznych w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie z Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAFF)'', Agencja Lotnicza ALTAIR - Krajowa Rada Lotnicza, Warszawa 2007</ref> ([[flying officer]]) she flew unarmed military aircraft in the skies of wartime [[United Kingdom|Britain]]<ref name=":0" /> and was, with [[Anna Leska]] and the Lithuanian-Pole [[Stefania Wojtulanis-Karpińska|Barbara Wojtulanis]], one of several Polish women who served as wartime [[Air Transport Auxiliary|ferry pilots]] in Britain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stefania Wojtulanis-Karpińska - królowa przestworzy - Historia - polskieradio.pl |url=https://polskieradio24.pl/39/156/artykul/3072777,stefania-wojtulaniskarpinska-krolowa-przestworzy |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=polskieradio24.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

She took leave of absence to become a student at the Polish School of Architecture, at the Polish University Abroad (housed in Liverpool University), from 1944 to 1946, and then on the Liverpool Town Planning Course from 1946 to 1948.<ref>{{cite book |title=Newnham College Register, vol II |publisher=Newnham College |page=213}}</ref>

In 1944, she married [[Polish Navy]] Lieutenant [[Andrzej Jaraczewski]]. She had two children: a son, Christopher Joseph (in Polish Krzysztof Józef) and daughter, Jane Mary (in Polish Joanna Maria), who later married Polish politician [[Janusz Onyszkiewicz]].

She worked as an architect for London City Council from 1948, before she and her husband set up their own furniture design business.

Due to the [[communist]] takeover in Poland, she remained in England after the war as a political émigré. Never accepting British citizenship, she used a [[Nansen passport]], ''valid for all countries in the world, except Poland''.<ref>A. Romanowski, ''Piękne wczoraj'', "Apokryf", No 13 (in ''Tygodnik Powszechny'', No 45/1998)</ref>

In 1977, she and her husband took part in the [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] on board the ''MGB S-3'' during the ''Thames River Pageant''.

In 1990, with the collapse of the communist government, she returned to Poland and lived in Warsaw.<ref name=":0" />

She died on 16 November 2014, in Warsaw at the age of 94.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/nie-zyje-jadwiga-pilsudska-jaraczewska-miala-94-lata/dphwz|title=Nie żyje Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska. Miała 94 lata|date=2014-11-16|newspaper=Onet Wiadomości|language=pl-PL|access-date=2016-12-29}}</ref>

==Honours==
[[File:Herb Piłsudski.PNG|thumb|right|100px|[[Piłsudski coat of arms]]]]
She has been honoured with a [[Cross of Merit with Swords|Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords]] and the [[Order of Polonia Restituta|Commander's Cross of the Order of ''Polonia Restituta'']].<ref name=":0" />


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Piłsudski (family)|Piłsudski family]]
*[[Piłsudski (family)|Piłsudski family]]
*[[Piłsudski coat of arms]]
*[[Bronisław Piłsudski]] (1866–1918)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilsudska, Jadwiga}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilsudska, Jadwiga}}
[[Category:Polish aviators]]
[[Category:Polonia]]
[[Category:Polish architects]]
[[Category:Polish immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Józef Piłsudski]]
[[Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Artists from Warsaw]]
[[Category:Polish glider pilots]]
[[Category:Polish aviators]]
[[Category:Polish women aviators]]
[[Category:Polish female military personnel]]
[[Category:Polish military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Polish World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Polish Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Air Transport Auxiliary pilots]]
[[Category:Air Transport Auxiliary pilots]]
[[Category:Architects from London]]

[[Category:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[pl:Jadwiga Piłsudska]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Merit with Swords (Poland)]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Polish female soldiers]]
[[Category:Polish soldiers]]
[[Category:Polish exiles]]
[[Category:Children of prime ministers of Poland]]
[[Category:Women in World War II]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Warsaw]]

Latest revision as of 22:29, 16 August 2024

Jadwiga Piłsudska
Born(1920-02-28)28 February 1920
Warsaw, Poland
Died16 November 2014(2014-11-16) (aged 94)
Warsaw, Poland
NationalityPolish
Other namesJadwiga Jaraczewska
EducationWanda Szachtmajer Female High School
Alma materNewnham College, Cambridge
Polish University Abroad
Occupationarchitect
EmployerOffice of Urban Planning (London County Council)
SpouseAndrzej Jaraczewski
ChildrenKrzysztof Józef Jaraczeski
Joanna Maria Onyszkiewicz
Parent(s)Józef Piłsudski (father)
Aleksandra Szczerbińska (mother)
RelativesBronisław Piłsudski (Uncle)
Wanda Piłsudska (sister)
Military career
Allegiance Poland
 United Kingdom
Service / branch Polish Air Forces
RAF: Air Transport Auxiliary
Years of service1942-1944
Rank Second Officer (Flying Officer)
Unit1st Ferry Pool, White Waltham
AwardsCommander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords Air Force Medal National Places of Remembrance Guardian's Gold Medal
Air Transport Auxiliary Veteran's Badge Cadre Company March Participant's Badge

Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska (Polish: [jadˈviɡa piwˈsutska jaraˈt͡ʂɛfska]; 28 February 1920 – 16 November 2014) was a Polish pilot who served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War. She was one of two daughters of Józef Piłsudski.

Life and career

[edit]
Learning to fly, aged 17
Marshal Piłsudski with daughter

Piłsudska was born on 28 February 1920 in Warsaw, the younger daughter of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, Poland's Chief of State (1918–22) and dictator (1926–1935), by the woman who would later become his second wife, Aleksandra Piłsudska (née Aleksandra Szczerbińska).[1]

In 1937 Piłsudska began flying gliders and obtained a pilot's licence. In 1939 she graduated from secondary school and decided to study aircraft engineering at the Warsaw Polytechnic.[1]

In September 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany, initiating the Second World War, and her family realized that under the circumstances it would be prudent to leave the country immediately. Piłsudska fled with her mother and elder sister, Wanda, to Lithuania and eventually arrived in the United Kingdom. She resumed her studies, in 1940, matriculating at Newnham College, Cambridge University in architecture.[1]

Later she acquired her aircraft pilot's license, and in July 1942, she joined the Air Transport Auxiliary. With the rank of second officer[2] (flying officer) she flew unarmed military aircraft in the skies of wartime Britain[1] and was, with Anna Leska and the Lithuanian-Pole Barbara Wojtulanis, one of several Polish women who served as wartime ferry pilots in Britain.[3]

She took leave of absence to become a student at the Polish School of Architecture, at the Polish University Abroad (housed in Liverpool University), from 1944 to 1946, and then on the Liverpool Town Planning Course from 1946 to 1948.[4]

In 1944, she married Polish Navy Lieutenant Andrzej Jaraczewski. She had two children: a son, Christopher Joseph (in Polish Krzysztof Józef) and daughter, Jane Mary (in Polish Joanna Maria), who later married Polish politician Janusz Onyszkiewicz.

She worked as an architect for London City Council from 1948, before she and her husband set up their own furniture design business.

Due to the communist takeover in Poland, she remained in England after the war as a political émigré. Never accepting British citizenship, she used a Nansen passport, valid for all countries in the world, except Poland.[5]

In 1977, she and her husband took part in the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II on board the MGB S-3 during the Thames River Pageant.

In 1990, with the collapse of the communist government, she returned to Poland and lived in Warsaw.[1]

She died on 16 November 2014, in Warsaw at the age of 94.[6]

Honours

[edit]
Piłsudski coat of arms

She has been honoured with a Bronze Cross of Merit with Swords and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Jadwiga Pilsudska-Jaraczewska - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  2. ^ T. J. Krzystek, Personel Polskich Sił Powietrznych w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie z Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAFF), Agencja Lotnicza ALTAIR - Krajowa Rada Lotnicza, Warszawa 2007
  3. ^ "Stefania Wojtulanis-Karpińska - królowa przestworzy - Historia - polskieradio.pl". polskieradio24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  4. ^ Newnham College Register, vol II. Newnham College. p. 213.
  5. ^ A. Romanowski, Piękne wczoraj, "Apokryf", No 13 (in Tygodnik Powszechny, No 45/1998)
  6. ^ "Nie żyje Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska. Miała 94 lata". Onet Wiadomości (in Polish). 16 November 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
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