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{{See also|Sustainable landscaping}}
{{See also|Sustainable landscaping}}
[[File:E.V.A. Lanxmeer Water 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|A water collector at the [[EVA Lanxmeer]] housing development in [[Culemborg]], [[Netherlands]]]]
[[File:E.V.A. Lanxmeer Water 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|A water collector at the [[EVA Lanxmeer]] housing development in [[Culemborg]], [[Netherlands]]]]
'''Sustainable gardening''' includes the more specific sustainable landscapes, sustainable landscape design, [[sustainable landscaping]], [[sustainable landscape architecture]], resulting in sustainable sites. It comprises a disparate group of [[Horticulture|horticultural]] interests that can share the aims and objectives associated with the international post-1980s [[sustainable development]] and [[sustainability]] programs developed to address that humans are now using natural biophysical resources faster than they can be replenished by nature.
'''Sustainable gardening''' includes the more specific [[sustainable landscapes]], [[sustainable landscape design]], [[sustainable landscaping]], [[sustainable landscape architecture]], resulting in sustainable sites. It comprises a disparate group of [[horticulture|horticultural]] interests that can share the aims and objectives associated with the international post-1980s [[sustainable development]] and [[sustainability]] programs developed to address that humans are now using natural biophysical resources faster than they can be replenished by nature.<ref name="Smith2011">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=James|title=Sustainable Gardening: Principles and Practice|year=2011|publisher=Eco-Gardens Press|isbn=978-1-2345-6789-0}}</ref>


Included within this are those home gardeners, and members of the landscape and nursery industries, and municipal authorities, that integrate environmental, social, and economic factors to create a more sustainable future. Benefits of sustainable gardening also include improved access to fresh foods and biodiversity in cities.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christopher Strunk |author2=Ursula Lang |journal=Case Studies in the Environment |title=Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices |date=2019 |pages=1-8 |url=https://www.academia.edu/39906092/Gardening_as_More_than_Urban_Agriculture_Perspectives_from_Smaller_Midwestern_Cities_on_Urban_Gardening_Policies_and_Practices}}</ref>
Included within this are those home gardeners, and members of the landscape and nursery industries, and municipal authorities, that integrate environmental, social, and economic factors to create a more sustainable future. Benefits of sustainable gardening also include improved access to fresh foods and [[biodiversity]] in cities.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christopher Strunk |author2=Ursula Lang |journal=Case Studies in the Environment |title=Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices |date=2019 |pages=1–8 |url=https://www.academia.edu/39906092}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Alex|title=The Benefits of Sustainable Gardening|url=https://www.greenurban.org/benefits-of-sustainable-gardening|website=Green Urban Gardening|access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref>


==Sustainable Sites Initiative==
==Sustainable Sites Initiative==
The Sustainable Sites Initiative is a commercial accreditation body in USA which certifies landscapers and sites using guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable land design, for which their registered trademark can be earned after a fee.<ref name=SS>[http://www.sustainablesites.org] American Society of Landscape Architects. ''Guidelines and performance benchmarks''. The sustainable sites initiative. Retrieved on: 2009-03-16.</ref> It was founded in 2005. Using the United Nations [[Brundtland Report]]’s definition of sustainable development as a model, it defines sustainability as:<ref name=SS/>
The Sustainable Sites Initiative is a commercial accreditation body in USA which certifies landscapers and sites using guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable land design, for which their registered trademark can be earned after a fee.<ref name="SS">[http://www.sustainablesites.org] American Society of Landscape Architects. ''Guidelines and performance benchmarks''. The sustainable sites initiative. Retrieved on: 2009-03-16.</ref> It was founded in 2005. Using the United Nations [[Brundtland Report]]’s definition of sustainable development as a model, it defines sustainability as:<ref name=SS/>


<blockquote> ...design, construction, operations and maintenance practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs</blockquote> by attempting to:
<blockquote> ...design, construction, operations and maintenance practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs</blockquote> by attempting to:
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<blockquote>...protect, restore and enhance the ability of landscapes to provide [[ecosystem services]] that benefit humans and other organisms.</blockquote>
<blockquote>...protect, restore and enhance the ability of landscapes to provide [[ecosystem services]] that benefit humans and other organisms.</blockquote>


There is no uniform national standard for a sustainable landscaping project in the USA.<ref name=SS/> Sites are rated according to their impact on ecosystem services:<ref name=SS/> The following ecosystem services have been identified:
There is no uniform national standard for a sustainable landscaping project in the USA.<ref name=SS/> Sites are rated according to their impact on ecosystem services:<ref name=SS/> The following [[ecosystem services]] have been identified:


{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Local climate regulation
* [[Microclimate]] regulation
* Air and [[water cleansing]]
* Air and [[water purification]]
* Water supply and regulation
* [[Water supply]] and regulation
* [[erosion control|Erosion]] and sediment control
* [[erosion control|Erosion]] and sediment control
* Hazard mitigation
* Hazard mitigation
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* Waste decomposition and treatment
* Waste decomposition and treatment
* Global climate regulation
* Global climate regulation
* Human health and well-being benefits
* [[Human health]] and well-being benefits
* Food and renewable non-food products
* Food and renewable non-food products
* Cultural benefits
* Cultural benefits
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}



===Principles===
===Principles===
Enhancement of ecosystem services is encouraged throughout the life of any site by providing clear design, construction and management criteria.<ref name="SS" /> Sustainability requires that environmental, social and economic demands are integrated. Guidelines supplement existing green building guidelines and include metrics (benchmarks, audits, criteria, indexes etc.) that give some [[sustainability measurement|measure of sustainability]] (a rating system) by clarifying what is sustainable or not sustainable or, more likely, what is more or less sustainable.<ref name="SS" />
Enhancement of [[ecosystem services]] is encouraged throughout the life of any site by providing clear design, construction and management criteria.<ref name="SS" /> Sustainability requires that environmental, social and economic demands are integrated. Guidelines supplement existing [[green building]] guidelines and include metrics (benchmarks, audits, criteria, indexes etc.) that give some [[sustainability measurement|measure of sustainability]] (a rating system) by clarifying what is sustainable or not sustainable or, more likely, what is more or less sustainable.<ref name="SS" />


Impacts of a site can be assessed and measured over any spatio-temporal scale. Impacts of a site may be ''direct'' by having direct measurable impacts on biodiversity and ecology at the site itself, or ''indirect'' when impacts occur away from the site.
Impacts of a site can be assessed and measured over any spatio-temporal scale. Impacts of a site may be ''direct'' by having direct measurable impacts on biodiversity and ecology at the site itself, or ''indirect'' when impacts occur away from the site.
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==Measuring site sustainability==
==Measuring site sustainability==
[[File:Xeriscaped house 1, Hidden Meadows.jpg|thumb|An example of a property using the [[xeriscaping]]. This method reduces the need for water which is often in limited supply in [[arid region]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Tyman|first = Shannon|doi = 10.4135/9781412973816.n148|title = Green Cities: An A-to-Z Guide|year = 2011|isbn = 9781412996822|chapter = Xeriscaping|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/greencitiesatozg0000unse}}</ref>]]
[[File:Xeriscaped house 1, Hidden Meadows.jpg|thumb|An example of a property using [[xeriscaping]]. This method reduces the need for water which is often in limited supply in [[arid region]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Tyman|first = Shannon|doi = 10.4135/9781412973816.n148|title = Green Cities: An A-to-Z Guide|year = 2011|isbn = 9781412996822|chapter = Xeriscaping|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/greencitiesatozg0000unse}}</ref>]]


One major feature distinguishing sustainable gardens, landscapes and sites from other similar enterprises is the quantification of site sustainability by establishing performance benchmarks. Because sustainability is such a broad concept the environmental impacts of sites can be categorised in numerous ways depending on the purpose for which the figures are required. The process can include minimising negative environmental impacts and maximising positive impacts. As currently applied the environment is usually given priority over social and economic factors which may be added in or regarded as an inevitable and integral part of the management process. A home gardener is likely to use simpler metrics than a professional landscaper.
One major feature distinguishing sustainable gardens, landscapes and sites from other similar enterprises is the quantification of site sustainability by establishing performance benchmarks. Because sustainability is such a broad concept the environmental impacts of sites can be categorized in numerous ways depending on the purpose for which the figures are required. The process can include minimizing negative environmental impacts and maximizing positive impacts. As currently applied the environment is usually given priority over social and economic factors which may be added in or regarded as an inevitable and integral part of the management process. A home gardener is likely to use simpler metrics than a professional landscaper.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jones|first=Sarah|title=Measuring Sustainability in Gardening|url=https://www.sustainability.gov/measuring-sustainability-in-gardening|website=Sustainability.gov|access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref>


Three methods for measuring site sustainability include [[BREEAM]] developed by the BRE organisation in the UK, Leed, developed in America and the Oxford 360 degree sustainability Index used in Oxford Park and developed by the Oxford Sustainable Group in Scandinavia.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}
Three methods for measuring site sustainability include [[BREEAM]] developed by the [[Building Research Establishment|BRE]] organization in the UK, [[LEED]], developed in America and the Oxford 360 degree sustainability Index used in Oxford Park and developed by the [[Oxford Sustainable Group]] in Scandinavia.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Tim|title=Oxford 360 Degree Sustainability Index|url=https://www.oxfordsustainablegroup.com/oxford-360-degree-sustainability-index|website=Oxford Sustainable Group|access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Gardening}}
{{Portal|Gardening}}
{{div col}}
{{div col}}
* {{annotated link|Carbon cycle re-balancing}}
* [[Carbon cycle re-balancing]]
* {{annotated link|Climate-friendly gardening}}
* [[Climate-friendly gardening]]
* {{annotated link|Context theory}}
* [[Context theory]]
* {{annotated link|Foodscaping}}
* [[Foodscaping]]
* {{annotated link|Green roof}}
* [[Green roof]]
* {{annotated link|Landscape planning}}
* [[Landscape planning]]
* {{annotated link|Manure tea}}
* [[Manure tea]]
* {{annotated link|Public Open Space|Public Open Space (POS)}}
* [[Public Open Space|Public Open Space (POS)]]
* {{annotated link|Roof garden}}
* [[Roof garden]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable architecture}}
* [[Sustainable architecture]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable design}}
* [[Sustainable design]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable landscaping}}
* [[Sustainable landscaping]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable landscape architecture}}
* [[Sustainable landscape architecture]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable planting}}
* [[Sustainable planting]]
* {{annotated link|Sustainable urban drainage systems}}
* [[Sustainable urban drainage systems]]
* {{annotated link|Urban agriculture}}
* [[Urban agriculture]]
* {{annotated link|Urban forestry}}
* [[Urban forestry]]
* {{annotated link|Xeriscaping}}
* [[Xeriscaping]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.sustland.umn.edu/ Information on designing a sustainable urban landscape]
* [http://www.sustland.umn.edu/ Information on designing a sustainable urban landscape]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080622071609/http://www.unex.berkeley.edu/profseq/sustenviron.html Sustainable Environmental Design and Landscape Stewardship]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080622071609/http://www.unex.berkeley.edu/profseq/sustenviron.html Sustainable
Environmental Design and Landscape Stewardship]
* [https://cantongalandscaping.com/ Canton GA Landscaping a sustainable urban landscape]


{{Horticulture and gardening}}
{{Horticulture and gardening}}

Latest revision as of 03:14, 17 August 2024

See also: Sustainable landscaping
A water collector at the EVA Lanxmeer housing development in Culemborg, Netherlands

Sustainable gardening includes the more specific sustainable landscapes, sustainable landscape design, sustainable landscaping, sustainable landscape architecture, resulting in sustainable sites. It comprises a disparate group of horticultural interests that can share the aims and objectives associated with the international post-1980s sustainable development and sustainability programs developed to address that humans are now using natural biophysical resources faster than they can be replenished by nature.[1]

Included within this are those home gardeners, and members of the landscape and nursery industries, and municipal authorities, that integrate environmental, social, and economic factors to create a more sustainable future. Benefits of sustainable gardening also include improved access to fresh foods and biodiversity in cities.[2][3]

Sustainable Sites Initiative

[edit]

The Sustainable Sites Initiative is a commercial accreditation body in USA which certifies landscapers and sites using guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable land design, for which their registered trademark can be earned after a fee.[4] It was founded in 2005. Using the United Nations Brundtland Report’s definition of sustainable development as a model, it defines sustainability as:[4]

...design, construction, operations and maintenance practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

by attempting to:

...protect, restore and enhance the ability of landscapes to provide ecosystem services that benefit humans and other organisms.

There is no uniform national standard for a sustainable landscaping project in the USA.[4] Sites are rated according to their impact on ecosystem services:[4] The following ecosystem services have been identified:

Principles

[edit]

Enhancement of ecosystem services is encouraged throughout the life of any site by providing clear design, construction and management criteria.[4] Sustainability requires that environmental, social and economic demands are integrated. Guidelines supplement existing green building guidelines and include metrics (benchmarks, audits, criteria, indexes etc.) that give some measure of sustainability (a rating system) by clarifying what is sustainable or not sustainable or, more likely, what is more or less sustainable.[4]

Impacts of a site can be assessed and measured over any spatio-temporal scale. Impacts of a site may be direct by having direct measurable impacts on biodiversity and ecology at the site itself, or indirect when impacts occur away from the site.

Site principles

[edit]
Compost heap at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The following are some site principles for sustainable gardening:[4][5]

Measuring site sustainability

[edit]
An example of a property using xeriscaping. This method reduces the need for water which is often in limited supply in arid regions.[6]

One major feature distinguishing sustainable gardens, landscapes and sites from other similar enterprises is the quantification of site sustainability by establishing performance benchmarks. Because sustainability is such a broad concept the environmental impacts of sites can be categorized in numerous ways depending on the purpose for which the figures are required. The process can include minimizing negative environmental impacts and maximizing positive impacts. As currently applied the environment is usually given priority over social and economic factors which may be added in or regarded as an inevitable and integral part of the management process. A home gardener is likely to use simpler metrics than a professional landscaper.[7]

Three methods for measuring site sustainability include BREEAM developed by the BRE organization in the UK, LEED, developed in America and the Oxford 360 degree sustainability Index used in Oxford Park and developed by the Oxford Sustainable Group in Scandinavia.[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smith, James (2011). Sustainable Gardening: Principles and Practice. Eco-Gardens Press. ISBN 978-1-2345-6789-0. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  2. ^ Christopher Strunk; Ursula Lang (2019). "Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices". Case Studies in the Environment: 1–8.
  3. ^ Wilson, Alex. "The Benefits of Sustainable Gardening". Green Urban Gardening. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g [1] American Society of Landscape Architects. Guidelines and performance benchmarks. The sustainable sites initiative. Retrieved on: 2009-03-16.
  5. ^ "Gardenersmag". September 2018. Saturday, 7 December 2019
  6. ^ Tyman, Shannon (2011). "Xeriscaping". Green Cities: An A-to-Z Guide. doi:10.4135/9781412973816.n148. ISBN 9781412996822.
  7. ^ Jones, Sarah. "Measuring Sustainability in Gardening". Sustainability.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  8. ^ Brown, Tim. "Oxford 360 Degree Sustainability Index". Oxford Sustainable Group. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
[edit]

Environmental Design and Landscape Stewardship]

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