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{{Short description|Hungarian architect}}
[[File:Ybl Miklós VU.jpg|thumb|Miklós Ybl (1865)]]
{{Eastern name order|Ybl Miklós}}
{{citations needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Miklós Ybl
| image = Ybl Miklós VU.jpg
| caption = Miklós Ybl (1865)
| nationality = Hungarian
| birth_name = Miklós Ybl
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1814|04|06}}
| birth_place = [[Székesfehérvár]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1891|01|22}}
| death_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| alma_mater = [[TU Wien]], [[Vienna]] <br />[[Munich Academy]], [[Munich]] <br />[[Arts et Métiers ParisTech]], [[Paris]]
| practice = [[Henrik Koch]] <br />[[Mihály Pollack]]
| significant_buildings = [[Budapest Opera House]] <br />[[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] <br />[[Buda Castle]]
| spouse = Ida Lafite
| children = Félix
}}
⚫
'''Miklós Ybl''' (6 April 1814 in [[Székesfehérvár]] – 22 January 1891 in [[Budapest]]) was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as [[Hungary]]'s most influential architect during his career.<ref name="bicentenary">{{cite journal |last1=Ritoók |first1=Pal |last2=Sisa |first2=József |title=MIKLÓS YBL (1814-1891) BICENTENARY: SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITIONS ON THE OCCASION OF THE BICENTENARY OF THE ARCHITECT'S BIRTH. |journal=Acta Historiae Artium |date=December 2014 |volume=55 |issue=1 |doi=10.1556/AHistA.55.2014.1.4 |url=https://www.academia.edu/39215757 |access-date=November 27, 2022 |issn=0001-5830}}</ref> His most well-known work is the [[Hungarian State Opera House]] in [[Budapest]] (1875–84).


==Background==
⚫
'''Miklós Ybl''' ({{lang-hu|'''Ybl Miklós'''}}; April 6, 1814 in [[Székesfehérvár]] – January 22, 1891 in [[Budapest]]) was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as [[Hungary]]'s most influential architect during his career. His most well-known work is the [[Hungarian State Opera House]] in [[Budapest]] (1875–84).


After graduating from the Institute of Technology (the ''Politechnikum'') in [[Vienna]], Ybl became [[Mihály Pollack]]'s assistant in 1832 and worked in [[Henrik Koth]]'s office between 1836 and 1840. Following this, he moved to [[Munich]] and then to Italy to study. After his return, he entered into partnership with the son of Mihály Pollack, Ágoston; together they refurbished the Ikervár castle of Count [[Lajos Batthyány]]. His first main work was the church in Fót, built between 1845 and 1855.
After graduating from the [[TU Wien|Institute of Technology]] in [[Vienna]], Ybl became [[Mihály Pollack]]'s assistant in 1832 and worked in Henrik Koch's office between 1836 and 1840. Following this, he moved to [[Munich]] and studied at the [[Academy of Fine Arts Vienna|Academy of Fine Arts]] and then to Italy to study. After his return, he entered into partnership with the son of Mihály Pollack, Ágoston; together they refurbished the Ikervár castle of Count [[Lajos Batthyány]]. His first main work was the church in Fót, built between 1845 and 1855.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Ybl, Miklós |journal=Oxford Art Online |date=2003 |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T092747 |isbn=978-1-884446-05-4 |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000092747 |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref>


His early, large projects were built in Romantic style, influenced by eastern motifs. Although [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] shapes also occur in his later buildings, after his second study tour to Italy from 1860 he became interested in the possibility of the revitalisation of the [[Italian Renaissance]] style, and designed several [[neo-Renaissance]] buildings. Many of his buildings became, and indeed are still today, determinant elements of the cityscape of [[Budapest]]: [[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] (1867–91), the [[Rác Baths]], the former Palace of Customs, (1871–74), and the throne room and Krisztinaváros wing of the [[Buda Castle|Royal Palace]]. He also built countless churches, apartments and castles in the provinces.
His early, large projects were built in Romantic style, influenced by eastern motifs. Although [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] shapes also occur in his later buildings, after his second study tour to Italy from 1860 he became interested in the possibility of the revitalisation of the [[Italian Renaissance]] style, and designed several [[neo-Renaissance]] buildings. Many of his buildings became, and indeed are still today, determinant elements of the cityscape of [[Budapest]]: [[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] (1867–91), the [[Rác Thermal Bath]], the former Palace of Customs, (1871–74), and the throne room and Krisztinaváros wing of the [[Buda Castle|Royal Palace]]. He also built countless churches, apartments and castles in the provinces.


The annual architectural prize founded in 1953 was named after him in his honor.
The annual architectural prize founded in 1953 was named after him in his honor.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}


2014 was named "Ybl Memorial Year" in Hungary. <ref name="bicentenary" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Ferenc |title=Ybl Memorial Year Hailed A Success – Palace Quarter Reconstruction To Continue |url=https://hungarytoday.hu/ybl-memorial-year-hailed-success-palace-quarter-reconstruction-continue-69041/ |website=Hungary Today |access-date=28 November 2022 |language=en |date=12 December 2014}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Fót, Katolikus plébániatemplom.jpg|Catholic church in [[Fót]].
Fót, Katolikus plébániatemplom.jpg|Catholic church in [[Fót]]
Image:Károlyi Palace, Budapest.jpg|Károlyi Palace, Budapest
Károlyi Palace, Budapest.jpg|Károlyi Palace, Budapest
Image:Corvinus_foepulet.jpg|Ybl designed the Palace of Customs which today houses the [[Corvinus University of Budapest]].
Corvinus_foepulet.jpg|Ybl designed the Palace of Customs which today houses the [[Corvinus University of Budapest]]
Image:Aftnn St Stephen's Basilica.jpg|[[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] in [[Budapest]].
Aftnn St Stephen's Basilica.jpg|[[Saint Stephen's Basilica]] in [[Budapest]]
Image: Ikervár - Palace.jpg [[Ikervár - Palace]]
Ikervár - Palace.jpg|Ikervár - Palace
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Major works==
==Major works==
⚫
[[Image:Yblmiklos.jpg|thumb|Ybl's burial place, plot 34/1, in the [[Kerepesi Cemetery]], [[Budapest]]]]

* 1845–1849. [[Fót]], Károlyi castle rebuilding
⚫
[[Image:Yblmiklos.jpg|thumb|Ybl's burial place, plot 34/1, in the [[Kerepesi Cemetery]], [[Budapest]].]]
* 1845-1849. [[Fót]], Károlyi castle rebuilding
* 1845–1855. Fót, Roman Catholic church
* 1845-1855. Fót, Roman Catholic church
* cc. 1852. [[Budapest]], Grabovszky – (Rózsa-) villa
* cc. 1852. [[Budapest]], Grabovszky – (Rózsa-) villa
* 1857-58. Budapest, National stables
* 1857–58. Budapest, National stables
* cc. 1860. [[Albertirsa]], Szapáry chapel crypt
* cc. 1860. [[Albertirsa]], Szapáry chapel crypt
* cc. 1860. [[Leányfalu]], Gyulai-villa
* cc. 1860. [[Leányfalu]], Gyulai-villa
* cc. 1860. {{ill|Gerla (Békéscsaba)|lt=Gerla|hu|Gerla (Magyarország)}}, Wenckheim castle
* cc. 1860. {{ill|Gerla (Békéscsaba)|lt=Gerla|hu|Gerla (Magyarország)}}, Wenckheim castle
* 1860-1864. [[Nagycenk]], R.C. church
* 1860–1864. [[Nagycenk]], R.C. church
* 1862-től. [[Kecskemét]], Evangelical church
* from 1862 [[Kecskemét]], Evangelical church
* 1862-1865. Budapest, Festetics palace
* 1862–1865. Budapest, Festetics palace
* 1862-1864. [[Ečka]], R.C. church
* 1863. Budapest, German theatre (not built)
* 1863. Budapest, German theatre (not built)
* 1863-tól. Budapest, Károly palace
* from 1863. Budapest, Károly palace
* 1863-1864. Budapest, MTA building
* 1863–1864. Budapest, MTA building
* cc. 1865. [[Fegyvernek]], Szapáry castle
* cc. 1865. [[Fegyvernek]], Szapáry castle
* 1865-1866. Budapest, old parliament building
* 1865–1866. Budapest, old parliament building
* 1865-1879. Budapest, R.C. church, Bakáts squ.
* 1865–1879. Budapest, R.C. church, Bakáts squ.
* 1867. Budapest, Pálffy palace
* 1867. Budapest, Pálffy palace
* 1867-1891. Budapest, Szent István basilica. Began by Hild, continued by Ybl and finished by J. Kauser.
* 1867–1891. Budapest, Szent István basilica. Began by Hild, continued by Ybl and finished by J. Kauser
* 1869. [[First National Savings Bank of Pest]]
* 1870-1874. Budapest, Customs house
* 1870–1874. Budapest, Customs house
* 1871. Budapest, Margit bridge (not built)
* 1871. Budapest, Margit bridge (not built)
* cc. 1872. [[Parád]], Ybl Hotel
* cc. 1872. [[Parád]], Ybl Hotel
* 1873-1884. Budapest, Opera house
* 1873–1884. Budapest, [[Hungarian State Opera House]]
* 1874-1982. Budapest, Castle kiosk and bazaar
* 1874–1982. Budapest, Castle kiosk and bazaar
* 1875-1879. [[Ókígyós]], Wenckheim castle
* 1875–1879. [[Ókígyós]], Wenckheim castle
* 1880-1882. [[Parádsasvár]], Károlyi castle
* 1880–1882. [[Parádsasvár]], Károlyi castle
* 1880-1891. Budapest, Castle hill remodelling
* 1880–1891. Budapest, Castle hill remodelling
* 1882-1888. Budapest, Budapest Clarisseum R.C. church
* 1882–1888. Budapest, Budapest Clarisseum R.C. church
* 1883-1884. Budapest, Széchenyi palace (demolished)
* 1883–1884. Budapest, Széchenyi palace (demolished)
* cc. 1888. Parád, Erzsébet Hotel
* cc. 1888. Parád, Erzsébet Hotel
* and other structures in [[Csurgó]], [[Doboz]], [[Kétegyháza]], [[Lengyeltóti]], [[Mácsa]], [[Marcali]], Ókigyós, [[Surány]], etc.
* and other structures in [[Csurgó]], [[Doboz]], [[Kétegyháza]], [[Lengyeltóti]], [[Mácsa]], [[Marcali]], Ókigyós, [[Surány]], etc.
Line 53: Line 76:
== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of Hungarian architects]]
* [[List of Hungarian architects]]

== References==
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons-inline|Category:Miklós Ybl|Miklós Ybl}}
{{commons-inline}}
* {{hu icon}} http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC16235/16239.htm
* {{cite web | url = http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC16235/16239.htm | language = hu | title = Ybl Miklós}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:People from Székesfehérvár]]
[[Category:People from Székesfehérvár]]
[[Category:Hungarian-German people]]
[[Category:Hungarian-German people]]
[[Category:Hungarian architects]]
[[Category:Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery]]
[[Category:19th-century Hungarian architects]]
[[Category:19th-century Hungarian architects]]

Latest revision as of 11:25, 17 August 2024

The native form of this personal name is Ybl Miklós. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Miklós Ybl
Miklós Ybl (1865)
Born
Miklós Ybl

(1814-04-06)6 April 1814
Székesfehérvár, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire
Died(1891-01-22)22 January 1891
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
NationalityHungarian
Alma materTU Wien, Vienna
Munich Academy, Munich
Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris
OccupationArchitect
SpouseIda Lafite
ChildrenFélix
PracticeHenrik Koch
Mihály Pollack
BuildingsBudapest Opera House
Saint Stephen's Basilica
Buda Castle

Miklós Ybl (6 April 1814 in Székesfehérvár – 22 January 1891 in Budapest) was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as Hungary's most influential architect during his career.[1] His most well-known work is the Hungarian State Opera House in Budapest (1875–84).

Background

[edit]

After graduating from the Institute of Technology in Vienna, Ybl became Mihály Pollack's assistant in 1832 and worked in Henrik Koch's office between 1836 and 1840. Following this, he moved to Munich and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts and then to Italy to study. After his return, he entered into partnership with the son of Mihály Pollack, Ágoston; together they refurbished the Ikervár castle of Count Lajos Batthyány. His first main work was the church in Fót, built between 1845 and 1855.[2]

His early, large projects were built in Romantic style, influenced by eastern motifs. Although Romanesque shapes also occur in his later buildings, after his second study tour to Italy from 1860 he became interested in the possibility of the revitalisation of the Italian Renaissance style, and designed several neo-Renaissance buildings. Many of his buildings became, and indeed are still today, determinant elements of the cityscape of Budapest: Saint Stephen's Basilica (1867–91), the Rác Thermal Bath, the former Palace of Customs, (1871–74), and the throne room and Krisztinaváros wing of the Royal Palace. He also built countless churches, apartments and castles in the provinces.

The annual architectural prize founded in 1953 was named after him in his honor.[citation needed]

2014 was named "Ybl Memorial Year" in Hungary. [1][3]

[edit]

Major works

[edit]
Ybl's burial place, plot 34/1, in the Kerepesi Cemetery, Budapest
  • 1845–1849. Fót, Károlyi castle rebuilding
  • 1845–1855. Fót, Roman Catholic church
  • cc. 1852. Budapest, Grabovszky – (Rózsa-) villa
  • 1857–58. Budapest, National stables
  • cc. 1860. Albertirsa, Szapáry chapel crypt
  • cc. 1860. Leányfalu, Gyulai-villa
  • cc. 1860. Gerla [hu], Wenckheim castle
  • 1860–1864. Nagycenk, R.C. church
  • from 1862 Kecskemét, Evangelical church
  • 1862–1865. Budapest, Festetics palace
  • 1862-1864. Ečka, R.C. church
  • 1863. Budapest, German theatre (not built)
  • from 1863. Budapest, Károly palace
  • 1863–1864. Budapest, MTA building
  • cc. 1865. Fegyvernek, Szapáry castle
  • 1865–1866. Budapest, old parliament building
  • 1865–1879. Budapest, R.C. church, Bakáts squ.
  • 1867. Budapest, Pálffy palace
  • 1867–1891. Budapest, Szent István basilica. Began by Hild, continued by Ybl and finished by J. Kauser
  • 1869. First National Savings Bank of Pest
  • 1870–1874. Budapest, Customs house
  • 1871. Budapest, Margit bridge (not built)
  • cc. 1872. Parád, Ybl Hotel
  • 1873–1884. Budapest, Hungarian State Opera House
  • 1874–1982. Budapest, Castle kiosk and bazaar
  • 1875–1879. Ókígyós, Wenckheim castle
  • 1880–1882. Parádsasvár, Károlyi castle
  • 1880–1891. Budapest, Castle hill remodelling
  • 1882–1888. Budapest, Budapest Clarisseum R.C. church
  • 1883–1884. Budapest, Széchenyi palace (demolished)
  • cc. 1888. Parád, Erzsébet Hotel
  • and other structures in Csurgó, Doboz, Kétegyháza, Lengyeltóti, Mácsa, Marcali, Ókigyós, Surány, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Ritoók, Pal; Sisa, József (December 2014). "MIKLÓS YBL (1814-1891) BICENTENARY: SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITIONS ON THE OCCASION OF THE BICENTENARY OF THE ARCHITECT'S BIRTH". Acta Historiae Artium. 55 (1). doi:10.1556/AHistA.55.2014.1.4. ISSN 0001-5830. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
  2. ^ "Ybl, Miklós". Oxford Art Online. 2003. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T092747. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  3. ^ Sullivan, Ferenc (12 December 2014). "Ybl Memorial Year Hailed A Success – Palace Quarter Reconstruction To Continue". Hungary Today. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
[edit]

Media related to Miklós Ybl at Wikimedia Commons

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