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Coordinates: 27°43′06″N 89°09′18″E / 27.7182°N 89.1550°E / 27.7182; 89.1550
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{{For|the Indian turban|Pagri (turban)}}
{{For|the Indian turban|Pagri (turban)}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pagri
| name = Phari
| official_name =
| official_name =
| other_name = Phari
| other_name = Pagri
| settlement_type = [[Towns of the People's Republic of China|Town]]
| settlement_type = [[Towns of the People's Republic of China|Town]]
| image_skyline = Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-06-09-36, Tibetexpedition, Phari, Jaks.jpg
| image_skyline = Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-06-09-36, Tibetexpedition, Phari, Jaks.jpg
Line 46: Line 46:
| blank_info =
| blank_info =
}}
}}
'''Pagri'''<ref name="Weather China cityintro"/>{{Request quotation|date=January 2019}} or '''Phari''' ({{bo|t=ཕག་རི |w=phag ri}}; {{zh|s=帕里镇|p=Pàlǐ Zhèn}}) is a town in [[Yadong County]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/54/02/540233.html |script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：亚东县 |language=Chinese|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]] |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 540233100000 下司马镇 540233101000 帕里镇 540233200000 下亚东乡 540233201000 堆纳乡 540233202000 上亚东乡 540233203000 吉汝乡 540233204000 康布乡}}|date=2017|accessdate=2018-11-16}}</ref> in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], China near the border with [[Bhutan]]. {{As of|2004}} the town had a population of 2,121.<ref name="Baidu">[http://baike.baidu.com/view/94010.htm baike.baidu.com] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> It is one of the highest towns in the world, being about {{convert|4300|m|-2|abbr=on}} above sea-level at the head of the [[Chumbi Valley]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Phari |volume=21 |page=346}}</ref>
'''Phari'''<ref>{{citation |last=Shakabpa |first=Tsepon Wangchuk Deden |title=Tibet: A Political History |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iKziAAAAMAAJ&q=Phari |year=1984 |orig-year=first published Yale University Press 1967| publisher=Potala Publications |location=New York |isbn=0-9611474-0-7|ref={{sfnref|Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History|1984}}}}</ref> or '''Pagri'''<ref name="Das1904">{{citation|last=Das|first=Sarat Chandra|title=Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_HxxAAAAMAAJ|year=1904|publisher=John Murray}}</ref> ({{bo|t=ཕག་རི |w=phag ri}}; {{zh|s=帕里镇|p=Pàlǐ Zhèn}}) is a town in [[Yadong County]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/54/02/540233.html |script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：亚东县 |language=zh|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]] |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 540233100000 下司马镇 540233101000 帕里镇 540233200000 下亚东乡 540233201000 堆纳乡 540233202000 上亚东乡 540233203000 吉汝乡 540233204000 康布乡}}|date=2017|access-date=2018-11-16}}</ref> in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], China near the border with [[Bhutan]]. The border can be accessed through a secret road/trail connecting [[Tsento Gewog]] in Bhutan ({{coord|27.698912|89.189139}}) known as Tremo La. {{As of|2004}} the town had a population of 2,121.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} It is one of the highest towns in the world, being about {{convert|4300|m|-2|abbr=on}} above sea-level at the head of the [[Chumbi Valley]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Phari |volume=21 |page=346}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[Thomas Manning (sinologist)|Thomas Manning]], the first Englishman to reach Lhasa, visited Pagri from 21{{nbsp}}September until 5{{nbsp}}November 1811 and had this to say about his room in the town: "Dirt, dirt, grease, smoke. Misery, but good mutton."<ref>{{cite book|title=Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa|last=Markham|first=Clements|author-link=Clements Markham|url=https://archive.org/details/pts_narrativesofmiss_3721-1221|year=1876|location=London|publisher=Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill|page=[https://archive.org/details/pts_narrativesofmiss_3721-1221/page/n425 216]}}</ref> Pagri was of some military importance in the early 20th century when it was occupied by the [[British expedition to Tibet|British Tibet Expedition]] under [[Francis Younghusband]] in 1904.<ref name=EB1911/> The Pagri Fortress (''Dzong'') was located here and was important for the government as it stood between Tibet and [[Bhutan]]. Pagri was a staging area en route to [[Gyantse]] and ultimately [[Lhasa]].
[[Thomas Manning (sinologist)|Thomas Manning]], the first Englishman to reach Lhasa, visited Pagri from 21{{nbsp}}September until 5{{nbsp}}November 1811 and had this to say about his room in the town: "Dirt, dirt, grease, smoke. Misery, but good mutton."<ref>{{cite book|title=Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa|last=Markham|first=Clements|author-link=Clements Markham|url=https://archive.org/details/pts_narrativesofmiss_3721-1221|year=1876|location=London|publisher=Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill|page=[https://archive.org/details/pts_narrativesofmiss_3721-1221/page/n425 216]}}</ref><ref name=EB1911/> The Pagri Fortress (''Dzong'') was located here and was important for the government as it stood between Tibet and [[Bhutan]]. Pagri was a staging area en route to [[Gyantse]] and ultimately [[Lhasa]].

During the summer of 1912, the [[13th Dalai Lama]] met [[Agvan Dorzhiev]] at Phari Dzong and then accompanied him to the [[Samding Monastery]], before returning to [[Lhasa]] after his exile in India.


[[Thubten Ngodup]], the current [[Nechung Oracle]], was born in Phari in 1957.
[[Thubten Ngodup]], the current [[Nechung Oracle]], was born in Phari in 1957.


==Environment==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-06-06-22, Tibetexpedition, Blick auf Phari Dzong.jpg|left|250px]]
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-S-06-06-22, Tibetexpedition, Blick auf Phari Dzong.jpg
The houses are mostly made of Tibetan traditional stone and wood. The Pagri Valley lies in an alpine [[steppe]] zone on the south side, with an average annual temperature {{convert|0.1|C}}, and an extreme maximum temperature of {{convert|22.2|C}}.<ref name="Baidu"/> Annual precipitation is about {{convert|380|mm}}, snow and ice melt forming rich water resources, shrubs and meadows development, a good place for the development of animal husbandry. Pagri is rich in minerals, wild animals, plants, and tourism resources. It is also a trading centre but due to geographical location is prone to natural disasters.<ref name="Baidu"/> Summer flash floods, mudslides, winter avalanches, snowstorms, etc. are common, and poor facilities makes it vulnerable to disaster.<ref name="Baidu"/> During the rainy season, water levels rise causing serious flooding, reducing soil quality and arable land every year, damaging the ecological environment and a threat to the inhabitants of Pagri.<ref name="Baidu"/> To the northeast of Pagri is [[Mount Jomolhari]].
File:Phari Dzong in 1903.jpg|Phari Dzong in 1903 during British Younghusband invasion of Tibet
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-BB-044-01, Tibetexpedition, Haus und Tibeter in Phari Dzong.jpg|Phari Dzong, 1938
File:Map India and Pakistan 1-250,000 Tile NG 45-4 Phari Dzong.jpg|"Phari Dzong" sheet- topographic map printed by the US Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, February, 1963
</gallery>


== Climate ==
== Climate ==
[[File:Phari Dzong in 1903.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Phari Dzong in 1903 during British Younghusband invasion of Tibet]]
Owing to its extreme altitude, Pagri has an [[alpine climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''ETH'') that is [[Tree line|too cold to permit the growth of trees]], even though the altitude is still marginally too low for the formation of [[permafrost]]. Example [[Mount Fuji]] in Japan, [[Uelen]] in Russia and [[Longyearbyen]] in [[Svalbard]] Norway. The winter is severe in spite of the fact that no month has daytime maxima below {{convert|0|C|F}}, and also very dry and long, extending as late as May. Snowfall, however, is rare because of the dryness. Summers, during which the great majority of precipitation occurs, are cool even at their warmest and consistently damp, even though the Himalayas prevent falls from ever being heavy.
Owing to its extreme altitude, Pagri has an [[alpine climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''ETH'') that is [[Tree line|too cold to permit the growth of trees]], even though the altitude is still marginally too low for the formation of [[permafrost]]. Example [[Mount Fuji]] in Japan, [[Uelen]] in Russia and [[Longyearbyen]] in [[Svalbard]] Norway. The winter is severe in spite of the fact that no month has daytime maxima below {{convert|0|C|F}}, and also very dry and long, extending as late as May. Snowfall, however, is rare because of the dryness. Summers, during which the great majority of precipitation occurs, are cool even at their warmest and consistently damp, even though the Himalayas prevent falls from ever being heavy.


{{Weather box|width=auto
<!--January mean: −8.7 C, July mean: 7.9 C, annual mean: 0.13 C-->
|location = Phari, elevation {{convert|4300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020)

{{Weather box
|location = Pagri
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan record high C = 14.7
|Jan record high C = 15.8
|Feb record high C = 13.8
|Feb record high C = 15.0
|Mar record high C = 15.4
|Mar record high C = 16.4
|Apr record high C = 16.6
|Apr record high C = 16.6
|May record high C = 16.5
|May record high C = 17.7
|Jun record high C = 22.2
|Jun record high C = 18.7
|Jul record high C = 21.9
|Jul record high C = 18.6
|Aug record high C = 21.0
|Aug record high C = 19.4
|Sep record high C = 19.9
|Sep record high C = 16.8
|Oct record high C = 16.8
|Oct record high C = 16.8
|Nov record high C = 16.4
|Nov record high C = 16.4
|Dec record high C = 13.2
|Dec record high C = 15.5
|year record high C=
|year record high C= 19.4
|Jan avg record high C =
|Jan record low C = -28.7
|Feb avg record high C =
|Feb record low C = -28.4
|Mar avg record high C =
|Mar record low C = -29.8
|Apr avg record high C =
|Apr record low C = -20.2
|May avg record high C =
|May record low C = -12.5
|Jun avg record high C =
|Jun record low C = -5.7
|Jul avg record high C =
|Jul record low C = -1.4
|Aug avg record high C =
|Aug record low C = -2.1
|Sep avg record high C =
|Sep record low C = -6.5
|Oct avg record high C =
|Oct record low C = -21.5
|Nov avg record high C =
|Nov record low C = -26.2
|Dec avg record high C =
|Dec record low C = -27.4
|year avg record high C =
|year record low C= -29.8
|Jan high C = 0.9
|Jan high C = 1.5
|Feb high C = 1.4
|Feb high C = 2.2
|Mar high C = 3.9
|Mar high C = 4.5
|Apr high C = 7.0
|Apr high C = 7.2
|May high C = 10.0
|May high C = 9.8
|Jun high C = 12.5
|Jun high C = 12.5
|Jul high C = 12.8
|Jul high C = 13.0
|Aug high C = 12.7
|Aug high C = 12.8
|Sep high C = 11.4
|Sep high C = 11.7
|Oct high C = 8.2
|Oct high C = 8.5
|Nov high C = 5.3
|Nov high C = 6.3
|Dec high C = 3.2
|Dec high C = 4.1
|year high C =

|Jan mean C = −8.7
|Jan mean C = -8.2
|Feb mean C = −7.1
|Feb mean C = -6.6
|Mar mean C = −3.7
|Mar mean C = -3.1
|Apr mean C = 0.0
|Apr mean C = 0.4
|May mean C = 3.5
|May mean C = 3.7
|Jun mean C = 7.0
|Jun mean C = 7.3
|Jul mean C = 7.9
|Jul mean C = 8.4
|Aug mean C = 7.5
|Aug mean C = 8.0
|Sep mean C = 5.8
|Sep mean C = 6.2
|Oct mean C = 0.9
|Oct mean C = 1.3
|Nov mean C = −4.1
|Nov mean C = -3.3
|Dec mean C = −7.4
|Dec mean C = -6.4
|year mean C =

|Jan low C = −17.2
|Jan low C = -16.8
|Feb low C = −15.0
|Feb low C = -14.6
|Mar low C = −10.4
|Mar low C = -9.6
|Apr low C = −5.5
|Apr low C = -4.8
|May low C = −1.3
|May low C = -0.8
|Jun low C = 3.0
|Jun low C = 3.7
|Jul low C = 4.4
|Jul low C = 5.2
|Aug low C = 4.0
|Aug low C = 4.7
|Sep low C = 1.8
|Sep low C = 2.5
|Oct low C = −4.9
|Oct low C = -4.2
|Nov low C = −11.7
|Nov low C = -10.7
|Dec low C = −16.1
|Dec low C = -15.0
|Jan avg record low C =
|year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Feb avg record low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 6.2
|Mar avg record low C =
|Feb precipitation mm = 10.8
|Apr avg record low C =
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.1
|May avg record low C =
|Apr precipitation mm = 28.8
|Jun avg record low C =
|May precipitation mm = 39.8
|Jul avg record low C =
|Jun precipitation mm = 49.4
|Aug avg record low C =
|Jul precipitation mm = 101.1
|Sep avg record low C =
|Aug precipitation mm = 99.8
|Oct avg record low C =
|Sep precipitation mm = 51.5
|Nov avg record low C =
|Oct precipitation mm = 20.8
|Dec avg record low C =
|Nov precipitation mm = 4.2
|year avg record low C =
|Jan record low C = −28.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.0
|year precipitation mm =
|Feb record low C = −28.4
|Mar record low C = −29.8
|Apr record low C = −20.2
|May record low C = −12.5
|Jun record low C = −5.7
|Jul record low C = −1.1
|Aug record low C = −2.1
|Sep record low C = −6.5
|Oct record low C = −21.5
|Nov record low C = −26.2
|Dec record low C = −27.4
|year record low C= −29.8
|precipitation colour=
|Jan precipitation mm = 5.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 8.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 21.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 27.9
|May precipitation mm = 31.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 57.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 104.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 95.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 54.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 27.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 4.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.8
|Jan precipitation days = 3.3
|Feb precipitation days = 4.9
|Feb precipitation days = 5.2
|Mar precipitation days = 9.4
|Mar precipitation days = 10.2
|Apr precipitation days = 12.9
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6
|May precipitation days = 17.4
|May precipitation days = 16.1
|Jun precipitation days = 21.7
|Jun precipitation days = 21.4
|Jul precipitation days = 27.3
|Jul precipitation days = 27.5
|Aug precipitation days = 27.4
|Aug precipitation days = 27.1
|Sep precipitation days = 21.5
|Sep precipitation days = 20.6
|Oct precipitation days = 7.1
|Oct precipitation days = 7.1
|Nov precipitation days = 1.9
|Nov precipitation days = 1.5
|Dec precipitation days = 1.4
|Dec precipitation days = 1.1
|year precipitation days =
|source 1 = Weather China<ref name="Weather China cityintro">
|Jan snow days = 6.1
{{cite web
|Feb snow days = 8.8
|Mar snow days = 14.0
|Apr snow days = 17.1
|May snow days = 12.2
|Jun snow days = 0.9
|Jul snow days = 0.1
|Aug snow days = 0.6
|Sep snow days = 1.2
|Oct snow days = 6.2
|Nov snow days = 3.2
|Dec snow days = 2.9
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 273.1
|Feb sun = 251.1
|Mar sun = 263.5
|Apr sun = 232.4
|May sun = 207.1
|Jun sun = 157.1
|Jul sun = 140.6
|Aug sun = 153.2
|Sep sun = 156.5
|Oct sun = 239.5
|Nov sun = 271.3
|Dec sun = 278.9
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 83
| Feb percentsun = 79
| Mar percentsun = 70
| Apr percentsun = 60
| May percentsun = 49
| Jun percentsun = 38
| Jul percentsun = 33
| Aug percentsun = 38
| Sep percentsun = 43
| Oct percentsun = 68
| Nov percentsun = 85
| Dec percentsun = 87
| year percentsun =
| Jan humidity = 51
| Feb humidity = 58
| Mar humidity = 64
| Apr humidity = 69
| May humidity = 73
| Jun humidity = 77
| Jul humidity = 82
| Aug humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 80
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 60
| Dec humidity = 48
| year humidity =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ago-item-storage.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/3636403912fb48768c38a9aa065c5733/9120%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%80%BC.xlsx?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEQaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCID22NX7erCYRM9Fkxg1w0nhBFgZZbV4yKwMtVum7Z7TwAiAJ0xcMU0Y1TULPXcLY%2F%2BbzeWlYe0Yn04KfQkRa2LnTwSq0BQg8EAAaDDYwNDc1ODEwMjY2NSIMU7FgJxyc3VhxR2SjKpEFaFcPDLeZIgzWOx%2B3T6HuuvhSnAryK4zHu7%2BxoknrFkuZy2fIwuWHjXsGsO0hoCmICzXPd9BnYGQm36YMSPu60fETnz75emhP5u%2B9etUN%2BRZBoYUZoKBBebzG2cbMhep7cn06j5PIUv78KeKhPdhVyQ0zPq3wmtlI6Rjrsy1Mv49mT2%2FUQ8l45gNiB56pQRtbrRtHCr4fv8Z1fIbm160oR7Jm6Hzh6UUZUUUwi8jDzbOhAulfHnRutOEK2XJgbLgKwk%2BVY5Pn1ohekhLQKIvuVyUHzoqKCjGAra%2BaQPLYl53Zc8ML5YphiUlK850qW0pyz4%2BP7xGFkszOrRFQC58yvjz6sETTPiyKdrKeuk823Nxq7G0BC9uW9TXFMb%2FOV%2FEI47wS%2F9ejBbUuI4taYRKiwzxKxH%2BF9iwit9iXBZDNChaRro%2F3XhBdhaU%2FW97Ng110w5cyGHgav%2FvJT0O2YszhBSX7KqYl3rvDLY6P4mhMpAuOehtdV4jGcJny%2FapXCUmaOa2q5EW3h7CiNHTa8bP8Hlw4oEYMzGmH7E4WZyYoQzJkX90MkpLH4hq0Vi5z7PZDBJeZk7piP1xgglfa4aJc3JudV1Z%2FCXDKv%2F9qEzo9ka7N61MAOvzVUFx0ErAHYWADS9Rq0QIyqfNQ14agfWdY8ZI%2Fw3lfWitCKnyH92dQPJamqNVDF8Bxt%2FEniS5USDtmqeUjCaJB09Zi%2FiF31snrlvh9yfEMhIXnx9JB8mBW8bqi8TH8LCsk9UWZ4AEFC%2F9ll9sZPXkAMxH6FuyXWztWjpav7BfsWBCzt3mpySlfBrak51l2%2FDxxosgZ9VtWjRC5ZqGxkse3bTuUKiPVQjINpF9Fh7spFHtoIt%2BmoAM8iNGsMPfy8qEGOrIBtjGbZMOIO3jDPF629RkGC4WnDg2q2a0sPT52w0rYyPmQZmCwv%2FVgIgeKfWletaww%2BULguo78PBi6l0WYY9%2BBjLWLtLqvWV9fX1b%2FpicykjaQZ0KBDhZ1HE25xk4VsRMkW5D1D3UHRZAj8EVz%2BWnQHEiYEhxx7dy8Ehs7P7P%2B1wx0ZlkCxk4BKFRBmirCq8QJ9ivEKedet7e9%2BOj7znBQPNUEDXQAPm7JWMPiZ1GOXIE4Mw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20230417T040201Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAYZTTEKKEUL4HKGDI%2F20230417%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=3b1298b85a2224623f81dfca29ac09b883ba667c07ab2d6b16adf955d2b56277|title=Climate averages from 1991 to 2020|date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417040201/https://ago-item-storage.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/3636403912fb48768c38a9aa065c5733/9120%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%80%BC.xlsx?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEQaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCID22NX7erCYRM9Fkxg1w0nhBFgZZbV4yKwMtVum7Z7TwAiAJ0xcMU0Y1TULPXcLY%2F%2BbzeWlYe0Yn04KfQkRa2LnTwSq0BQg8EAAaDDYwNDc1ODEwMjY2NSIMU7FgJxyc3VhxR2SjKpEFaFcPDLeZIgzWOx%2B3T6HuuvhSnAryK4zHu7%2BxoknrFkuZy2fIwuWHjXsGsO0hoCmICzXPd9BnYGQm36YMSPu60fETnz75emhP5u%2B9etUN%2BRZBoYUZoKBBebzG2cbMhep7cn06j5PIUv78KeKhPdhVyQ0zPq3wmtlI6Rjrsy1Mv49mT2%2FUQ8l45gNiB56pQRtbrRtHCr4fv8Z1fIbm160oR7Jm6Hzh6UUZUUUwi8jDzbOhAulfHnRutOEK2XJgbLgKwk%2BVY5Pn1ohekhLQKIvuVyUHzoqKCjGAra%2BaQPLYl53Zc8ML5YphiUlK850qW0pyz4%2BP7xGFkszOrRFQC58yvjz6sETTPiyKdrKeuk823Nxq7G0BC9uW9TXFMb%2FOV%2FEI47wS%2F9ejBbUuI4taYRKiwzxKxH%2BF9iwit9iXBZDNChaRro%2F3XhBdhaU%2FW97Ng110w5cyGHgav%2FvJT0O2YszhBSX7KqYl3rvDLY6P4mhMpAuOehtdV4jGcJny%2FapXCUmaOa2q5EW3h7CiNHTa8bP8Hlw4oEYMzGmH7E4WZyYoQzJkX90MkpLH4hq0Vi5z7PZDBJeZk7piP1xgglfa4aJc3JudV1Z%2FCXDKv%2F9qEzo9ka7N61MAOvzVUFx0ErAHYWADS9Rq0QIyqfNQ14agfWdY8ZI%2Fw3lfWitCKnyH92dQPJamqNVDF8Bxt%2FEniS5USDtmqeUjCaJB09Zi%2FiF31snrlvh9yfEMhIXnx9JB8mBW8bqi8TH8LCsk9UWZ4AEFC%2F9ll9sZPXkAMxH6FuyXWztWjpav7BfsWBCzt3mpySlfBrak51l2%2FDxxosgZ9VtWjRC5ZqGxkse3bTuUKiPVQjINpF9Fh7spFHtoIt%2BmoAM8iNGsMPfy8qEGOrIBtjGbZMOIO3jDPF629RkGC4WnDg2q2a0sPT52w0rYyPmQZmCwv%2FVgIgeKfWletaww%2BULguo78PBi6l0WYY9%2BBjLWLtLqvWV9fX1b%2FpicykjaQZ0KBDhZ1HE25xk4VsRMkW5D1D3UHRZAj8EVz%2BWnQHEiYEhxx7dy8Ehs7P7P%2B1wx0ZlkCxk4BKFRBmirCq8QJ9ivEKedet7e9%2BOj7znBQPNUEDXQAPm7JWMPiZ1GOXIE4Mw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20230417T040201Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAYZTTEKKEUL4HKGDI%2F20230417%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=3b1298b85a2224623f81dfca29ac09b883ba667c07ab2d6b16adf955d2b56277|archive-date=2023-04-17|website=[[China Meteorological Administration]]}}</ref>
|source 2 = Weather China<ref name="Weather China cityintro">{{cite web
|url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101140207.shtml |script-title=zh:帕里城市介绍
|url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101140207.shtml |script-title=zh:帕里城市介绍
|publisher=Weather China
|publisher=Weather China
|year=2011
|year=2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420110329/http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101140207.shtml
}}
|archive-date=2023-04-20}}</ref>
Retrieved on December 3, 2011.
</ref>
|date=December 2011
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category|Phari}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
[[File:India and Pakistan 1 250,000 Phari Dzong.jpg|left|thumb|444x444px|"Phari Dzong" sheet- topographic map printed by the US Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, February, 1963]]
{{commons category|Phari}}

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 135-BB-044-01, Tibetexpedition, Haus und Tibeter in Phari Dzong.jpg|thumb|Phari Dzong, 1938]]


{{Towns in Xigazê}}
{{Towns in Xigazê}}
{{Shigatse Prefecture}}
{{Shigatse Prefecture}}
{{Dzongs of Tibet}}
{{Dzongs of Tibet}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Populated places in Shigatse]]
[[Category:Populated places in Shigatse]]
[[Category:Bhutan–China border crossings]]
[[Category:Bhutan–China border crossings]]
[[Category:Township-level divisions of Tibet]]
[[Category:Township-level divisions of Tibet]]
[[Category:Yadong County]]

Latest revision as of 12:46, 17 August 2024

For the Indian turban, see Pagri (turban).
Phari
Pagri
Town
Phari is located in Tibet
Phari
Phari
Location in the Tibet Autonomous Region
Coordinates: 27°43′06″N 89°09′18″E / 27.7182°N 89.1550°E / 27.7182; 89.1550
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionTibet Autonomous Region
Prefecture-level cityShigatse
CountyYadong
Population
 (2004)
 • Total
2,121
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)

Phari[1] or Pagri[2] (Tibetan: ཕག་རི, Wylie: phag ri; Chinese: 帕里镇; pinyin: Pàlǐ Zhèn) is a town in Yadong County[3] in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China near the border with Bhutan. The border can be accessed through a secret road/trail connecting Tsento Gewog in Bhutan (27°41′56″N 89°11′21″E / 27.698912°N 89.189139°E / 27.698912; 89.189139) known as Tremo La. As of 2004 the town had a population of 2,121.[citation needed] It is one of the highest towns in the world, being about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea-level at the head of the Chumbi Valley.[4]

History

[edit]

Thomas Manning, the first Englishman to reach Lhasa, visited Pagri from 21 September until 5 November 1811 and had this to say about his room in the town: "Dirt, dirt, grease, smoke. Misery, but good mutton."[5][4] The Pagri Fortress (Dzong) was located here and was important for the government as it stood between Tibet and Bhutan. Pagri was a staging area en route to Gyantse and ultimately Lhasa.

Thubten Ngodup, the current Nechung Oracle, was born in Phari in 1957.

[edit]
  • Phari Dzong in 1903 during British Younghusband invasion of Tibet
    Phari Dzong in 1903 during British Younghusband invasion of Tibet
  • Phari Dzong, 1938
    Phari Dzong, 1938
  • "Phari Dzong" sheet- topographic map printed by the US Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, February, 1963
    "Phari Dzong" sheet- topographic map printed by the US Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, February, 1963

Climate

[edit]

Owing to its extreme altitude, Pagri has an alpine climate (Köppen ETH) that is too cold to permit the growth of trees, even though the altitude is still marginally too low for the formation of permafrost. Example Mount Fuji in Japan, Uelen in Russia and Longyearbyen in Svalbard Norway. The winter is severe in spite of the fact that no month has daytime maxima below 0 °C (32 °F), and also very dry and long, extending as late as May. Snowfall, however, is rare because of the dryness. Summers, during which the great majority of precipitation occurs, are cool even at their warmest and consistently damp, even though the Himalayas prevent falls from ever being heavy.

Climate data for Phari, elevation 4,300 m (14,100 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.8
(60.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		16.4
(61.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.8
(62.2) 		16.4
(61.5) 		15.5
(59.9) 		19.4
(66.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7) 		2.2
(36.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		9.8
(49.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		11.7
(53.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		7.8
(46.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.2
(17.2) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		0.4
(32.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.3
(45.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		0.6
(33.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −16.8
(1.8) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		5.2
(41.4) 		4.7
(40.5) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−10.7
(12.7) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−5.0
(23.0)
Record low °C (°F) −28.7
(−19.7) 		−28.4
(−19.1) 		−29.8
(−21.6) 		−20.2
(−4.4) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−21.5
(−6.7) 		−26.2
(−15.2) 		−27.4
(−17.3) 		−29.8
(−21.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.2
(0.24) 		10.8
(0.43) 		24.1
(0.95) 		28.8
(1.13) 		39.8
(1.57) 		49.4
(1.94) 		101.1
(3.98) 		99.8
(3.93) 		51.5
(2.03) 		20.8
(0.82) 		4.2
(0.17) 		2.0
(0.08) 		438.5
(17.27)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 5.2 10.2 12.6 16.1 21.4 27.5 27.1 20.6 7.1 1.5 1.1 153.7
Average snowy days 6.1 8.8 14.0 17.1 12.2 0.9 0.1 0.6 1.2 6.2 3.2 2.9 73.3
Average relative humidity (%) 51 58 64 69 73 77 82 82 80 71 60 48 68
Mean monthly sunshine hours 273.1 251.1 263.5 232.4 207.1 157.1 140.6 153.2 156.5 239.5 271.3 278.9 2,624.3
Percent possible sunshine 83 79 70 60 49 38 33 38 43 68 85 87 61
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[6]
Source 2: Weather China[7]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phari.
  1. ^ Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (1984) [first published Yale University Press 1967], Tibet: A Political History, New York: Potala Publications, ISBN 0-9611474-0-7
  2. ^ Das, Sarat Chandra (1904), Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet, John Murray
  3. ^ 2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：亚东县 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. Retrieved 2018-11-16. 统计用区划代码 名称 540233100000 下司马镇 540233101000 帕里镇 540233200000 下亚东乡 540233201000 堆纳乡 540233202000 上亚东乡 540233203000 吉汝乡 540233204000 康布乡
  4. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Phari" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 346.
  5. ^ Markham, Clements (1876). Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa. London: Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill. p. 216.
  6. ^ "Climate averages from 1991 to 2020". China Meteorological Administration. 2023-04-20. Archived from the original on 2023-04-17.
  7. ^ 帕里城市介绍. Weather China. 2011. Archived from the original on 2023-04-20.
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