Nájera: Difference between revisions

Nájera
Nájera
Municipality
	Flag Coat of arms
	Nájera Location in Spain Nájera Nájera (Spain)
	Coordinates: 42°25′00″N 2°43′51″W / 42.41667°N 2.73083°W
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	La Rioja
Comarca	Nájera
Government
• Mayor	Jonás Olarte (PSOE)
Area
• Total	37.44 km2 (14.46 sq mi)
Elevation	485 m (1,591 ft)
Population (2018)
• Total	8,047
• Density	210/km2 (560/sq mi)
Demonym	Najerinos or Najerenses
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CET)
Website	Official website

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Nájera (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈna.xe.ɾa]) is a small town, former bishopric and now Latin Catholic titular see, former capital of the Kingdom of Najera-Pamplona, located in the "Rioja Alta" region of La Rioja, northern Spain, on the river Najerilla. Nájera is a stopping point on the French Way the most popular path on the Way of St James.

History

The area attracted the Romans, who built the town of Tritium on land which now falls within the boundaries of Nájera and the neighboring municipality of Tricio. Subsequently, the area was under Muslim rule and the name Nájera (Naxara, meaning "town between the rocks") is of Arabic origin.

The town, while still an Islamic possession, was the location of the legendary 3-day struggle between Roland, one of Charlemagne's nobles, and the Islamic giant Ferragut.^[2]

The town was conquered by Ordoño II of Leon for Navarre in 923. Nájera was the capital city of the Kingdom of Najera-Pamplona until it was conquered by Castile in 1054 after the battle of Atapuerca. However, it continued to be multicultural. For example, in 1142 the French abbot Peter the Venerable used his visit to Spain to commission translations of important Islamic works, including the first translation of the Qur'an into a European language, and it has been suggested he met with his four translators at Nájera.

From the tenth century onward, Nájera had a prosperous Jewish community, which was granted relatively favorable legal status after the Christian conquest. Letters from the Jewish community in Nájera have been found in the Cairo Geniza.^[3]

Edward, the Black Prince fought in the Battle of Nájera in 1367, intervening in a Castilian Civil War on behalf of Pedro I of Castile.

Ecclesiastical history

Established in 923 as Diocese of Nájera, on territory split off from the suppressed Diocese of Calahorra.
Gained territory twice : in 1077 from Diocese of Pamplona and Diocese of Osma, in 1088 from the suppressed Diocese of Álava.
Itself Suppressed in 1170, its territory being used to establish the Diocese of Calahorra, to which its last incumbent was appointed.

Episcopal ordinaries

Suffragan Bishops of Nájera

Gómez (1046–1064)
Munio (1065–1080)
Sancho (1080–1087)
Sigefredo (1088–1089)
Pedro (1089–1109)
Sancho de Grañón (1109–1116)
Sancho de Funes (1118–1146)
Rodrigo de Cascante (1146–1170); later Bishop of successor see Calahorra (1170–1190)

Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored in 1969 as Latin Titular bishopric of Naiera (Curiate Italian and Latin; Latin adjective Naiaren(sis) / Nájera (Spanish).

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :

Patrick Vincent Ahern (1970.02.03 – death 2011.03.19) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of New York (USA) (1970.02.03 – retired 1994.04.26) and on emeritate
Timothée Bodika Mansiyai, Sulpicians (P.S.S.) (2012.02.02 – 2016.11.19) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Kinshasa (Congo-Kinshasa) (2012.02.02 – 2016.11.19); later Bishop of Kikwit (Congo-Kinshasa) (2016.11.19 – ...)
Bernard Edward "Ned" Shlesinger III (2017.07.19 – ) as Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta (USA)

Politics

List of mayors since the democratic elections of 1979
Term	Mayor	Political Party
1979–1983	José Luis Sáez Lerena	UCD
1983–1987	Jesús López Sáenz	Independent
1987–1991	Justino Carmelo Maeztu Arenzana	CDS
1991–1995	José Domingo Mínguez/ Ángel Martínez Arenzana	PP/ PSOE
1995–1999	Ángel Martínez Arenzana	PSOE
1999–2003	Antonio García Manzanares/Marta Martínez García	PP
2003–2007	Marta Martínez García	PP
2007–2011	Marta Martínez García	PP
2011–2015	Marta Martínez García	PP
2015–2019	Jonás Olarte Fernández	PSOE
2019–2023	n/d	n/d
2023–	n/d	n/d

Main sites

The church of Santa María la Real was founded by García Sánchez III of Pamplona in 1052. It is the burial-place of kings of Navarre. The monks had to abandon the annexed monastic complex in the 19th century, as a result of the anti-clerical reforms of Juan Álvarez Mendizábal.

Other sights include :

Bridge on the Najerilla river, rebuilt on Roman bridge foundations in 1090 by San Juan de Ortega and remade in 1880 ^[2]
Excavations of the Alcázar (Moorish fort), abandoned in the 16th century
Monastery of Valvanera, 33 kilometres (21 miles) from the town, built in the 11th century, but restored in Gothic style in the 15th century as it became a residence of queen Isabella I of Castile (Isabella of Spain).
Convent of St. Helena (18th century)
Najerillense Museum.

Notable people

References

^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
^ ^a ^b Gitlitz & Davidson, The Pilgrimage Road to Santiago: The Complete Cultural Handbook, 2000, St Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-25416-4
^ "Nájera". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

External links

GCatholic - ecclesiastical history
Najera Travel Information (in English)

[1] Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.

[Gitlitz-2] Gitlitz & Davidson, The Pilgrimage Road to Santiago: The Complete Cultural Handbook, 2000, St Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-25416-4

[3] "Nájera". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Town in La Rioja, Spain}}
+{{About|a town|a kingdom|Kingdom of Najera}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 |official_name = Nájera
+|settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
 |website = {{Official website|http://www.najera.es}}
 |image_skyline =Monasterio najera3 lou.jpg
-|image_flag =
+|image_flag = Bandera de najera.svg
-|image_seal = Escudo de Nájera-La Rioja.svg
+|image_shield = Escudo de Nájera-La Rioja.svg
 |pushpin_map = Spain La Rioja#Spain
 |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain
@@ Line 12: / Line 15: @@
 |subdivision_name  = {{ESP}}
 |subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|La Rioja (Spain)}}&nbsp;[[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]]
-|subdivision_name2 = [[Nájera (comarca)|Nájera]]
+|subdivision_name2 = [[Comarca de Nájera|Nájera]]
 |leader_title = [[Mayor]]
 |leader_name = Jonás Olarte (PSOE)
-|area_magnitude = 1 E9
 |area_total_km2 = 37.44
 |area_land_km2 =
 |area_water_km2 =
-|population_as_of = 2010
+|population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
+| population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
-|population_total = 8404
+|population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
 |population_demonym = Najerinos or Najerenses
 |population_density_km2 = auto
@@ Line 27: / Line 30: @@
 |timezone_DST = CET
 |utc_offset_DST = +2
-|coordinates       = {{coord|42|25|N|2|44|W|region:ES|display=inline}}
+|coordinates       = {{coord|42|25|00|N|2|43|51|W|region:ES|display=inline,title}}
 |elevation_m = 485
 }}
-'''Nájera''' ({{IPA-es|ˈna.xe.ɾa}}) is a small town, former bishopric and now Latin Catholic [[titular see]], former capital of the [[Kingdom of Navarre]], located in the "Rioja Alta" region of [[La Rioja (autonomous community)|La Rioja]], northern Spain, on the river [[Najerilla (river)|Najerilla]]. Nájera is a stopping point on the [[Way of St James]].
+'''Nájera''' ({{IPA|es|ˈna.xe.ɾa}}) is a small town, former bishopric and now Latin Catholic [[titular see]], former capital of the [[Kingdom of Najera]]-[[Kingdom of Pamplona|Pamplona]], located in the "Rioja Alta" region of [[La Rioja (autonomous community)|La Rioja]], northern Spain, on the river [[Najerilla (river)|Najerilla]]. Nájera is a stopping point on the [[French Way]] the most popular path on the [[Way of St James]].
 == History ==
-The area attracted the [[ancient Rome|Romans]], who built the town of '''''Tritium '''''on land which now falls within the boundaries of Nájera and the neighbouring municipality of [[Tricio]]. Subsequently, the area was under [[Muslim]] rule and the name Nájera (''Naxara'' meaning "town between the rocks") is of Arabic origin.
+The area attracted the [[ancient Rome|Romans]], who built the town of '''''Tritium '''''on land which now falls within the boundaries of Nájera and the neighboring municipality of [[Tricio]]. Subsequently, the area was under [[Muslim]] rule and the name Nájera (''Naxara'', meaning "town between the rocks") is of Arabic origin.
+The town, while still an Islamic possession, was the location of the legendary 3-day struggle between [[Roland]], one of Charlemagne's nobles, and the Islamic giant [[Ferragut]].<ref name="Gitlitz">Gitlitz & Davidson, The Pilgrimage Road to Santiago: The Complete Cultural Handbook, 2000, St Martin's Press, {{ISBN|0-312-25416-4}}</ref>
-The town was conquered by [[Ordoño II of Leon]] for [[Navarre]] in 923. Nájera was the capital city of the [[kingdom of Navarre]] until it was conquered by [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in 1054 after the [[battle of Atapuerca]]. However, it continued to be multi-cultural. For example, in 1142 the French abbot [[Peter the Venerable]] used his visit to Spain to commission translations of important Islamic works, including the first translation of the [[Qur'an]] into a European language, and it has been suggested he met with his four translators at Nájera.
+The town was conquered by [[Ordoño II of Leon]] for [[Navarre]] in 923. Nájera was the capital city of the [[Kingdom of Najera]]-[[Kingdom of Pamplona|Pamplona]] until it was conquered by [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in 1054 after the [[battle of Atapuerca]]. However, it continued to be multicultural. For example, in 1142 the French abbot [[Peter the Venerable]] used his visit to Spain to commission translations of important Islamic works, including [[Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete|the first translation]] of the [[Qur'an]] into a European language, and it has been suggested he met with his four translators at Nájera.
-From the tenth century, Nájera had a prosperous [[Jew]]ish community, which was granted relatively favorable legal status after the Christian conquest.
+From the tenth century onward, Nájera had a prosperous [[Jewish]] community, which was granted relatively favorable legal status after the Christian conquest. Letters from the Jewish community in Nájera have been found in the [[Cairo Geniza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nájera |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/n-x00e1-jera |website=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>
-[[Edward, the Black Prince]] fought in the [[Battle of Nájera]] in 1367, intervening in a [[Castilian Civil War]] on behalf of [[Pedro of Castile]].
+[[Edward, the Black Prince]] fought in the [[Battle of Nájera]] in 1367, intervening in a [[Castilian Civil War]] on behalf of [[Pedro I of Castile]].
-:''See also [[Najara family]], a Sephardic Jewish family, originally from Najera.''
+=== See also ===
+* [[Najara family]], a Sephardic Jewish family, originally from Nájera.
+* [[Dukes of Nájera]], one of the oldest Spanish noble families
-== Ecclesiastical History ==
+== Ecclesiastical history ==
 * Established in 923 as '''Diocese of Nájera''', on territory split off from the suppressed [[Diocese of Calahorra]].
 * Gained territory twice : in 1077 from [[Diocese of Pamplona]] and [[Diocese of Osma]], in 1088 from the suppressed [[Diocese of Álava]].
 * Itself Suppressed in 1170, its territory being used to establish the [[Diocese of Calahorra]], to which its last incumbent was appointed.
-=== Episcopal Ordinaries ===
+=== Episcopal ordinaries ===
-(all [[Roman Rite]])
-;''Suffragan Bishops of Nájera
+;''Suffragan Bishops of Nájera''
-* Gómez (1046 – 1064)
+* Gómez (1046–1064)
-* Munio (1065 – 1080)
+* Munio (1065–1080)
-* Sancho (1080 – 1087)
+* Sancho (1080–1087)
-* Sigefredo (1088 – 1089)
+* Sigefredo (1088–1089)
-* Pedro (1089 – 1109)
+* Pedro (1089–1109)
-* Sancho de Grañón (1109 – 1116)
+* Sancho de Grañón (1109–1116)
-* Sancho de Funes (1118 – 1146)
+* Sancho de Funes (1118–1146)
-* Rodrigo de Cascante (1146 – 1170); later Bishop of successor see [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Calahorra|Calahorra]] (1170 – 1190)
+* Rodrigo de Cascante (1146–1170); later Bishop of successor see [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Calahorra|Calahorra]] (1170–1190)
 === Titular see ===
@@ Line 67: / Line 73: @@
 * Patrick Vincent Ahern (1970.02.03 – death 2011.03.19) as [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archdiocese of New York]] (USA) (1970.02.03 – retired 1994.04.26) and on emeritate
 * Timothée Bodika Mansiyai, [[Sulpicians]] (P.S.S.) (2012.02.02 – 2016.11.19) as Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kinshasa|Archdiocese of Kinshasa]] ([[Congo-Kinshasa]]) (2012.02.02 – 2016.11.19); later Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kikwit|Kikwit]] (Congo-Kinshasa) (2016.11.19 – ...)
-* Bernard Edward "Ned" Shlesinger III (2017.07.19 -   ) as Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta (USA)
+* Bernard Edward "Ned" Shlesinger III (2017.07.19 – ) as Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta (USA)
+== Politics &nbsp;==
+{{Spanish_Mayors
+   | Alcalde_1 = José Luis Sáez Lerena
+   | Partido_1 = [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|UCD]]
+   | Alcalde_2 = Jesús López Sáenz
+   | Partido_2 = Independent
+   | Alcalde_3 = Justino Carmelo Maeztu Arenzana
+   | Partido_3 = [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]
+   | Alcalde_4 = José Domingo Mínguez/ Ángel Martínez Arenzana
+   | Partido_4 = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]/ [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
+   | Alcalde_5 = Ángel Martínez Arenzana
+   | Partido_5 = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
+   | Alcalde_6 = Antonio García Manzanares/Marta Martínez García
+   | Partido_6 = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
+   | Alcalde_7 = Marta Martínez García
+   | Partido_7 = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
+   | Alcalde_8 = Marta Martínez García
+   | Partido_8 = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
+   | Alcalde_9 = Marta Martínez García
+   | Partido_9 = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
+   | Alcalde_10 = Jonás Olarte Fernández
+   | Partido_10 = [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
+   }}
 == Main sites ==
+[[File:Claustros del monasterio de Santa María la Real de Nájera, La Rioja, España.jpg|thumb|Santa María la Real. Cloisters.]]
 The church of [[Santa María la Real of Nájera|Santa María la Real]] was founded by [[García Sánchez III of Pamplona]] in 1052. It is the burial-place of kings of Navarre.
 The monks had to abandon the annexed monastic complex in the 19th century, as a result of the anti-clerical reforms of [[Juan Álvarez Mendizábal]].
 Other sights include :
-* Bridge on the Najerilla river, rebuilt on Roman bridge foundations in 1090 by [[San Juan de Ortega]] and remade in 1880 <ref>Gitlitz & Davidson, The Pilgrimage Road to Santiago: The Complete Cultural Handbook, 2000, St Martin's Press, {{ISBN|0-312-25416-4}} </ref>
+* Bridge on the Najerilla river, rebuilt on Roman bridge foundations in 1090 by [[San Juan de Ortega]] and remade in 1880 <ref name="Gitlitz"/>
 * Excavations of the [[Alcázar]] (Moorish fort), abandoned in the 16th century
 * Monastery of Valvanera, {{convert|33|km|0|abbr=off}} from the town, built in the 11th century, but restored in Gothic style in the 15th century as it became a residence of queen [[Isabella I of Castile]] (Isabella of Spain).
 * Convent of St. Helena (18th century)
 * [[Najerillense Museum]].
+==Notable people==
+* '''[[García Sánchez III of Pamplona]]'''
+* '''[[Felix Morga]]'''
+* '''[[Urraca López de Haro]]'''
+* '''[[Diego López II de Haro]]'''
+* '''[[Esteban Manuel de Villegas]]'''
+* '''[[Pedro González de Salcedo]]'''
+* '''[[Ángel Hidalgo Ibáñez]]'''
 == See also ==
@@ Line 85: / Line 125: @@
 * [[Candidature of Najeran Independents]]
 * [[Independent Municipal Democracy]]
+* [[Kingdom of Najera]]
 * [[Najeran Alternative Forum]]
 * [[Najara family]], a Sephardic Jewish family, originally from Najera.
+* [[Missal of Silos]]—oldest known document on paper, made at the monastery of Santa María la Real of Nájera.
+== References ==
-== Sources and external links ==
+<references />
+== External links ==
 * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1220.htm GCatholic - ecclesiastical history]
+* [https://www.rioja.uk/places/najera/  Najera Travel Information] {{in lang|en}}
 {{Municipalities in La Rioja}}
+{{authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Najera}}
 [[Category:Municipalities in La Rioja (Spain)]]
-[[Category:Camino de Santiago]]

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