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Coordinates: 35°41′06″N 139°42′36″E / 35.685°N 139.710°E / 35.685; 139.710
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{{Short description|National garden in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Distinguish|Shinjuku Central Park}}
{{Distinguish|Shinjuku Central Park}}
{{Infobox park
{{Infobox park
| name = Shinjuku Gyo-en
| name = Shinjuku Gyo-en
| alt_name = Shinjuku Gyo-en National Garden
| alt_name = Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden
| native_name = 新宿御苑
| native_name = 新宿御苑
| native_name_lang = ja
| native_name_lang = ja
Line 11: Line 12:
| map_image = Shinjukugyoen-map2010.svg
| map_image = Shinjukugyoen-map2010.svg
| map_caption = Map of the Shinjuku Gyo-en
| map_caption = Map of the Shinjuku Gyo-en
| type = [[National Parks of Japan|National Park]]
| type = National garden
| motto =
| motto =
| location = [[Shinjuku]] and [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], Japan
| location = [[Shinjuku]] and [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], Japan
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| administrator =
| administrator =
| manager =
| manager =
| operator = Japanese [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]
| operator = [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment, Japan]]
| visitation_num =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_year =
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| child =
| child =
}}
}}
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{{nihongo|'''Shinjuku Gyo-en'''|新宿御苑|literally 'Shinjuku Imperial Garden'}} or '''Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden''' is a large public garden in [[Shinjuku]] and [[Shibuya]], Tokyo, Japan. It was originally a residence of the Naitō family in the [[Edo period]]. It later became a garden under the management of Japan [[Imperial Household Agency]]. It is now a national garden under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]].
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[[File:Shinjuku gyoen sunny autumn day.jpg|thumb|Shinjuku Gyo-en]]
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[[File:Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden - sakura 2.JPG|thumb|Cherry blossom of Shinjuku Gyo-en]]
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[[File:Shinjuku Gyoen 2010.11.10.JPG|thumb|Chrysanthemum flower exhibition]]
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[[File:Wooden_footbridge_in_Shinjuku_Gyoen_National_Garden,_Tokyo,_Japan,_a_sunny_day_with_blue_sky.jpg|thumb|Wooden footbridge in Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden, a sunny day with blue sky]]
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[[File:Shinjuku Gyoen autumn season.jpg|thumb|Shinjuku Gyo-en National Garden view during fall season in Shinjuku, Japan.]]
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{{nihongo|'''Shinjuku Gyo-en'''|新宿御苑|}} is a large park and garden in [[Shinjuku]] and [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], Japan. It was originally a residence of the Naitō family in the [[Edo period]]. Afterwards, it became a garden under the management of the [[Imperial Household Agency]] of Japan. It is now a national park under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]].


== History ==
== History ==
The ''[[shōgun]]'' bequeathed this land to Lord Naitō (''[[daimyō]]'') of Tsuruga in the Edo period who completed a garden here in 1772.<ref>Mansfield. Page 15.</ref> After the Meiji Restoration the house and its grounds were converted into an experimental agricultural centre.<ref>Mansfield. Page 15.</ref> It then became a botanical garden before becoming an imperial garden in 1879. The current configuration of the garden was completed in 1906. Most of the garden was destroyed by air raids in 1945, during the later stages of [[World War II]]. The garden was rebuilt after the war.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
The ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] bequeathed land in this area to a Naitō ''[[daimyō]]'' (feudal lord) in 1590 for his [[Sankin-kōtai|residence in Edo]].<ref name=MoE_hist>{{cite web |title=Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden: History |url= https://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/english/1_intro/history.html |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment, Japan]] |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> The Naitō family completed a garden here in 1772.<ref name=Mansfield15>Mansfield, p. 15.</ref> In 1872, following the [[Meiji Restoration]], the house and its grounds were converted into an experimental agricultural centre,<ref name=Mansfield15/> the Naito Shinjuku Experimental Station.<ref name=MoE_hist/> It became the Shinjuku Imperial Botanical Garden in 1879.<ref name=MoE_hist/> In 1901, head of the garden {{ill|Hayato Fukuba|ja|福羽逸人}} asked landscape architect {{ill|Henry Martinet|fr|Henry Martinet}} of the [[École nationale supérieure d'horticulture]] in Versailles to remodel the botanical garden into a landscape garden, and Shinjuku Imperial Garden (''Shinjuku Gyoen''), with its present layout, was opened in May 1906<ref name=Mansfield15/> with the [[Emperor Meiji]] in attendance.<ref name=MoE_hist/>


The jurisdiction over the [[Kokyo|Imperial Palace]] Outer Garden and the [[Imperial Court in Kyoto|Kyoto]] imperial garden was transferred to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now the [[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)|Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]]) in 1947.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
Most of the garden was burnt and greatly damaged by air raids in 1945, in the later stages of World War II, except for the Taiwan Pavilion.<ref name=MoE_hist/> After the war, jurisdiction over the garden, plus the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace]] Outer Garden and the [[Kyoto Gyoen National Garden|Kyoto Imperial Garden]], was transferred to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now the [[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]]),<ref name=MoE_hist/> and the garden was rebuilt.<ref name=Mansfield15/> It reopened to the public on 21 May 1949 as Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden.<ref name=MoE_hist/> Jurisdiction was transferred to the Environment Agency when it formed in 1971, then to the [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] when it succeeded the agency in 2001, where it remains.<ref name=MoE_hist/>


⚫
The 1989 [[Death and state funeral of Hirohito|state funeral rites of emperor Hirohito]] were held in the garden, before he was taken for burial at the [[Musashi Imperial Graveyard]].
On May 21, 1949, the garden became open to the public as a national park. It came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Environment in January 2001, with the official English name "Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden". The official Japanese name remains Shinjuku Gyoen, where gyoen means "imperial garden".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/1_intro/history.html|publisher=Ministry of the Environment|title=Facilities and historical background}}</ref>

⚫
In 1989, the Shinjuku Gyoen was the site chosen for the [[Death and funeral of Hirohito|funeral rites of Emperor Shōwa]] before he was buried at the [[Musashi Imperial Graveyard]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}


==Features==
==Features==
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2020}}
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2024}}
The garden, which is 58.3 hectares in area with a circumference of 3.5&nbsp;km, blends three distinct styles: a [[French formal garden|French Formal]] and [[English landscape garden|English Landscape]] in the north and to the south a [[Japanese garden|Japanese]] traditional. A traditional Japanese tea house can be found within the gardens. The garden is a favourite ''[[hanami]]'' ([[cherry blossom|cherry-blossom]] viewing) spot, and large crowds can be present during cherry blossom season.
The garden, which is 58.3 hectares in area with a circumference of 3.5&nbsp;km, blends three distinct styles: a [[French formal garden|French Formal]] and [[English landscape garden|English Landscape]] in the north and a [[Japanese garden|Japanese]] traditional garden in the south.<ref name=MoE_outline>{{cite web |title=Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden: Outline |url= https://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/english/1_intro/outline.html |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment, Japan]] |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> A traditional Japanese tea house is in the gardens. The garden is a favourite ''[[hanami]]'' ([[cherry blossom|cherry-blossom]] viewing) spot, and large crowds can be present during cherry blossom season.


The garden has more than 20,000 trees, including approximately 1,500 [[cherry tree]]s, which bloom from late March (''Shidare'' or Weeping Cherry) to early April (''Somei'' or Tokyo Cherry), and on to late April ([[Prunus 'Kanzan'|''Kanzan'' Cherry]]). Other trees include majestic Himalayan cedars, which soar above the rest of the trees in the garden, tulip trees, cypresses, and plane trees, which were first planted in Japan in the Imperial Gardens.
===Flora===
.
hia stock of over 1,700 tropical and subtropical plant species on permanent display.


Horticulture work has been done in the garden greenhouses since 1892. The [[Shinjuku Gyo-en Greenhouse|present greenhouse]], built in the 1950s, has over 1,700 tropical and subtropical plant species on permanent display.
==Entrances and admission==
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The garden has three access gates: Shinjuku Gate, Okido Gate and [[Sendagaya]] Gate. Shinjuku Gyoen is open from 9:00 until 16:30. On Mondays the garden is closed, except during the cherry blossom and [[chrysanthemum]] seasons: late March&ndash;late April and early November respectively, when the garden is open seven days a week. The greenhouse is open from 9:30 until 16:00. The last admission is 16:00.


==Location==
==Access==
⚫
The garden has three access gates: Shinjuku Gate, Okido Gate, and [[Sendagaya]] Gate. Shinjuku Gyoen is open from 9:00 until 17:30 (mid-March until end of September; October–mid-March: until 16:00; July–late August: 18:30). On Mondays the garden is closed, except during the cherry blossom and [[chrysanthemum]] seasons: late March&ndash;late April, and first half of November respectively, when the garden is open seven days a week. If Monday is a public holiday, then closed the following day. During cherry blossom, prior reservations are required for several dates.<ref>[https://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/english/2_guide/guide.html Official Website: Visiting information]</ref> The greenhouse is open from 9:30 until 17:00 (mid-March until end of September; October–mid-March: until 15:30; July–late August: 18:00).
⚫
The garden is a short walk from [[Shinjuku-gyoemmae Station]] on the [[Marunouchi Line]] or [[Sendagaya Station]] on the [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]. The garden is on the [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] near [[Shinjuku-sanchōme Station]]. From that station (exit C1) the garden is a four-minute walk.

⚫
The garden is a short walk from [[Shinjuku-gyoemmae Station]] on the [[Marunouchi Line]] and from [[Sendagaya Station]] on the [[Chūō-Sōbu Line]]. It is on the [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] near [[Shinjuku-sanchōme Station]]. It is a four-minute walk from exit C1 of that station.


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
In [[Yasunari Kawabata]]'s ''[[The Sound of the Mountain]]'', Shingo declares, "You can stretch out. It's like getting out of Japan - I wouldn't have dreamed that there was a place like this right in the middle of Tokyo."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kawabata|first1=Yasunari|title=The Sound of the Mountain|date=1970|publisher=Vintage International|location=New York|pages=187–193|ISBN=9780679762645}}</ref>
In [[Yasunari Kawabata]]'s ''[[The Sound of the Mountain]]'', Shingo declares, "You can stretch out. It's like getting out of Japan - I wouldn't have dreamed that there was a place like this right in the middle of Tokyo."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kawabata|first1=Yasunari|title=The Sound of the Mountain|date=1970|publisher=Vintage International|location=New York|pages=187–193|isbn=9780679762645}}</ref>

⚫
It is the setting of the 2013 [[anime]] [[Drama (film and television)|film]] ''[[The Garden of Words]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spoon-tamago.com/2016/03/14/the-city-of-tokyo-as-seen-through-the-animated-film-the-garden-of-words/|title=Tokyo as Seen Through the Animated Film The Garden of Words|author=Johnny|date=14 March 2016|website=Spoon & Tamago|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927050531/https://www.spoon-tamago.com/2016/03/14/the-city-of-tokyo-as-seen-through-the-animated-film-the-garden-of-words/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery style=center mode=packed>
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File:Shinjuku gyoen sunny autumn day.jpg|Shinjuku Gyo-en
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Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden - sakura 2.JPG|Cherry blossom in Shinjuku Gyo-en
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Shinjuku Gyoen 2010.11.10.JPG|Chrysanthemum flower exhibition, 2010
Shinjuku Gyoen - 2023 2023 March 3.webm|A few scenes inside the garden in early spring 2023
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Wooden_footbridge_in_Shinjuku_Gyoen_National_Garden,_Tokyo,_Japan,_a_sunny_day_with_blue_sky.jpg|Wooden footbridge in Shinjuku Gyo-en
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Shinjuku Gyoen autumn season.jpg|Shinjuku Gyo-en in fall


</gallery>
⚫
It is the setting of the 2013 [[anime]] [[Drama (film and television)|film]] ''[[The Garden of Words]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spoon-tamago.com/2016/03/14/the-city-of-tokyo-as-seen-through-the-animated-film-the-garden-of-words/|title=Tokyo as Seen Through the Animated Film The Garden of Words|author=Johnny|date=14 March 2016|website=Spoon & Tamago|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 98: Line 102:


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*{{cite book | author = Mansfield, Stephen |title = Japan's Master Gardens - Lessons in Space and Environment | location = Tokyo, Rutland, Singapore | publisher = Tuttle| year = 2011 | type = Hardback| isbn=978-4-8053-1128-8}}
*{{cite book | author = Mansfield, Stephen |title = Japan's Master Gardens - Lessons in Space and Environment | location = Tokyo, Rutland, Singapore | publisher = Tuttle| year = 2011 | type = Hardback| isbn=978-4-8053-1128-8}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Portal|Japan}}
{{Portal|Japan}}
* [http://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/english/index.html Shinjuku Gyoen official website (English)]
* [http://www.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen/english/index.html Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden official website (English)]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 02:25, 18 August 2024

Not to be confused with Shinjuku Central Park.
Shinjuku Gyo-en
Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden
新宿御苑
Map of the Shinjuku Gyo-en
TypeNational garden
LocationShinjuku and Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
Coordinates35°41′06″N 139°42′36″E / 35.685°N 139.710°E / 35.685; 139.710
Area58.3 ha (144 acres)
Operated byMinistry of the Environment, Japan
OpenMay 1906 (1906-05)
StatusOpen
Plants
  • 20,000 trees
  • 1,500 subtropical and tropical plants
Websitewww.env.go.jp/garden/shinjukugyoen

Shinjuku Gyo-en (新宿御苑, literally 'Shinjuku Imperial Garden') or Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden is a large public garden in Shinjuku and Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally a residence of the Naitō family in the Edo period. It later became a garden under the management of Japan Imperial Household Agency. It is now a national garden under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Environment.

History

[edit]

The shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu bequeathed land in this area to a Naitō daimyō (feudal lord) in 1590 for his residence in Edo.[1] The Naitō family completed a garden here in 1772.[2] In 1872, following the Meiji Restoration, the house and its grounds were converted into an experimental agricultural centre,[2] the Naito Shinjuku Experimental Station.[1] It became the Shinjuku Imperial Botanical Garden in 1879.[1] In 1901, head of the garden Hayato Fukuba [ja] asked landscape architect Henry Martinet [fr] of the École nationale supérieure d'horticulture in Versailles to remodel the botanical garden into a landscape garden, and Shinjuku Imperial Garden (Shinjuku Gyoen), with its present layout, was opened in May 1906[2] with the Emperor Meiji in attendance.[1]

Most of the garden was burnt and greatly damaged by air raids in 1945, in the later stages of World War II, except for the Taiwan Pavilion.[1] After the war, jurisdiction over the garden, plus the Tokyo Imperial Palace Outer Garden and the Kyoto Imperial Garden, was transferred to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare),[1] and the garden was rebuilt.[2] It reopened to the public on 21 May 1949 as Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden.[1] Jurisdiction was transferred to the Environment Agency when it formed in 1971, then to the Ministry of the Environment when it succeeded the agency in 2001, where it remains.[1]

The 1989 state funeral rites of emperor Hirohito were held in the garden, before he was taken for burial at the Musashi Imperial Graveyard.

Features

[edit]

The garden, which is 58.3 hectares in area with a circumference of 3.5 km, blends three distinct styles: a French Formal and English Landscape in the north and a Japanese traditional garden in the south.[3] A traditional Japanese tea house is in the gardens. The garden is a favourite hanami (cherry-blossom viewing) spot, and large crowds can be present during cherry blossom season.

The garden has more than 20,000 trees, including approximately 1,500 cherry trees, which bloom from late March (Shidare or Weeping Cherry) to early April (Somei or Tokyo Cherry), and on to late April (Kanzan Cherry). Other trees include majestic Himalayan cedars, which soar above the rest of the trees in the garden, tulip trees, cypresses, and plane trees, which were first planted in Japan in the Imperial Gardens.

Horticulture work has been done in the garden greenhouses since 1892. The present greenhouse, built in the 1950s, has over 1,700 tropical and subtropical plant species on permanent display.

Access

[edit]

The garden has three access gates: Shinjuku Gate, Okido Gate, and Sendagaya Gate. Shinjuku Gyoen is open from 9:00 until 17:30 (mid-March until end of September; October–mid-March: until 16:00; July–late August: 18:30). On Mondays the garden is closed, except during the cherry blossom and chrysanthemum seasons: late March–late April, and first half of November respectively, when the garden is open seven days a week. If Monday is a public holiday, then closed the following day. During cherry blossom, prior reservations are required for several dates.[4] The greenhouse is open from 9:30 until 17:00 (mid-March until end of September; October–mid-March: until 15:30; July–late August: 18:00).

The garden is a short walk from Shinjuku-gyoemmae Station on the Marunouchi Line and from Sendagaya Station on the Chūō-Sōbu Line. It is on the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line near Shinjuku-sanchōme Station. It is a four-minute walk from exit C1 of that station.

[edit]

In Yasunari Kawabata's The Sound of the Mountain, Shingo declares, "You can stretch out. It's like getting out of Japan - I wouldn't have dreamed that there was a place like this right in the middle of Tokyo."[5]

It is the setting of the 2013 anime film The Garden of Words.[6]

[edit]
  • Shinjuku Gyo-en
    Shinjuku Gyo-en
  • Cherry blossom in Shinjuku Gyo-en
    Cherry blossom in Shinjuku Gyo-en
  • Chrysanthemum flower exhibition, 2010
    Chrysanthemum flower exhibition, 2010
  • A few scenes inside the garden in early spring 2023
  • Wooden footbridge in Shinjuku Gyo-en
    Wooden footbridge in Shinjuku Gyo-en
  • Shinjuku Gyo-en in fall
    Shinjuku Gyo-en in fall

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden: History". Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Mansfield, p. 15.
  3. ^ "Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden: Outline". Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  4. ^ Official Website: Visiting information
  5. ^ Kawabata, Yasunari (1970). The Sound of the Mountain. New York: Vintage International. pp. 187–193. ISBN 9780679762645.
  6. ^ Johnny (14 March 2016). "Tokyo as Seen Through the Animated Film The Garden of Words". Spoon & Tamago. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2017.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Mansfield, Stephen (2011). Japan's Master Gardens - Lessons in Space and Environment (Hardback). Tokyo, Rutland, Singapore: Tuttle. ISBN 978-4-8053-1128-8.
[edit]
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