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{{Short description|American navigation satellite used for GPS}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
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| image =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 290px
| image_size = 300px


| mission_type = [[Navigation satellite|Navigation]]<br/>[[Technology]]
| mission_type = [[Navigation satellite|Navigation]]<br/>[[Technology]]
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| mission_duration = 5 years (planned)<br/>10 years (achieved)
| mission_duration = 5 years (planned)<br/>10 years (achieved)


| spacecraft = [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]
| spacecraft = [[Global Positioning System|Navstar]]
| spacecraft_type = [[GPS satellite blocks|GPS Block I]]
| spacecraft_type = [[GPS satellite blocks|GPS Block I]]
| manufacturer = [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Space Systems]]
| manufacturer = [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Space Systems]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|758|kg}}
| launch_mass = {{cvt|758|kg}}
| dimensions = 5.3 metres of long
| dimensions = 5.3 meters of long
| power = 400 watts
| power = 400 watts


| launch_date = 13 June 1984, 11:37 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_date = 13 June 1984, 11:37 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[SM-65 Atlas|Atlas E]] / [[SGS-2]]<br/>(Atlas No. 42E)
| launch_rocket = [[SM-65E Atlas|Atlas E]] / [[SGS-2]]<br/>(Atlas-42E)
| launch_site = [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 3|SLC-3W]]
| launch_site = [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|Vandenberg]], [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 3|SLC-3W]]
| launch_contractor = [[Convair]]<br/>[[General Dynamics]]
| launch_contractor = [[Convair]]<br/>[[General Dynamics]]


| entered_service = 14 July 1984
| entered_service = 19 July 1984
| deactivated = 20 June 1994
| deactivated = 20 June 1994


| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]] <ref name="NASA Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1984-059A|title=Trajectory: Navstar 9 1984-059A |publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=16 November 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="NASA Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1984-059A|title=Trajectory: Navstar 9 1984-059A |publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=21 November 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = [[Medium Earth orbit]]<br/><small>([[Semi-synchronous orbit|Semi-synchronous]])</small>
| orbit_regime = [[Medium Earth orbit]]<br/><small>([[Semi-synchronous orbit|Semi-synchronous]])</small>
| orbit_slot =
| orbit_slot =
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|20017|km}}
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|19917|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|20345|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|20446|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 62.50°
| orbit_inclination = 62.80°
| orbit_period = 718.00 minutes
| orbit_period = 718.00 minutes
| apsis = gee
| apsis = gee

| programme = [[Global Positioning System]]
| previous_mission = [[OPS 9794]] (Navstar 8)
| next_mission = [[USA-5]] (Navstar 10)
}}
}}


'''USA-1''', also known as '''Navstar 9''', '''GPS I-9''' and '''GPS SVN-9''', was an [[United States|American]] [[navigation satellite]] launched in 1984 as part of the [[Global Positioning System]] development programme. It was the ninth of eleven [[GPS Block I|Block I]] GPS satellites to be launched,<ref name="GSP"/> and the first satellite to receive a [[List of USA satellites|USA designation]].
'''USA-1''', also known as '''Navstar 9''', '''GPS I-9''' and '''GPS SVN-9''', was an American [[navigation satellite]] launched in 1984 as part of the [[Global Positioning System]] development programme. It was the ninth of eleven [[GPS Block I|Block I]] GPS satellites to be launched,<ref name="GSP"/> and the first satellite to receive a [[List of USA satellites|USA designation]].


== Background ==
== Background ==
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] to provide all-weather round-the-clock [[navigation]] capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.<ref name="NSSDC"/>
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] to provide all-weather round-the-clock [[navigation]] capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200&nbsp;km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.<ref name="Display"/>


== Spacecraft ==
== Spacecraft ==
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the [[Global Positioning System|GPS system]]. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had [[S band|S-band]] communications for control and telemetry and [[Ultra high frequency]] (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Space Systems]], were 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.<ref name="NSSDC">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-097A|title=Navstar 9 1984-059A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=19 November 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the [[Global Positioning System|GPS system]]. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using [[reaction wheel]]s. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had [[S band|S-band]] communications for control and [[telemetry]] and [[Ultra high frequency]] (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Space Systems]], were 5.3 meters across with [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.<ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-097A|title=Navstar 9 1984-059A |publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=21 November 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>


== Launch ==
== Launch ==
USA-1 was launched at 11:37 UTC on 13 June 1984, atop an [[Atlas E/F|Atlas E]] [[launch vehicle]] with an [[SGS-2]] upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 42E, and was originally built as an [[SM-65E Atlas |Atlas E]].<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> The launch took place from [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 3|Space Launch Complex 3W]] at [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]],<ref name="lvdb">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|title=Launch List |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|work=Launch Vehicle Database|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> and placed USA-1 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into [[medium Earth orbit]] (MEO) using a [[Star (rocket stage)|Star-27]] [[Apogee kick motor|apogee motor]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar.htm|title=GPS (Navstar)|first=Gunter |last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref>
USA-1 was launched at 11:37 UTC on 13 June 1984, atop an [[SM-65E Atlas|Atlas E]] [[launch vehicle]] with an [[SGS-2]] [[Multistage rocket|upper stage]]. The Atlas used had the serial number 42E, and was originally built as an Atlas E.<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> The launch took place from [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 3|Space Launch Complex 3W]] at [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]],<ref name="lvdb">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|title=Launch List|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|work=Launch Vehicle Database|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=12 July 2012|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815040340/http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and placed USA-1 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into [[medium Earth orbit]] (MEO) using a [[Star (rocket stage)|Star-27]] [[Apogee kick motor|apogee motor]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar.htm|title=GPS (Navstar)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref>


== Mission ==
== Mission ==
By 14 July 1984, USA-1 had been raised to an orbit with a [[Apsis|perigee]] of {{cvt|20017|km}}, an [[Apsis|apogee]] of {{cvt|20345|km}}, a [[Orbital period|period]] of 718.00 minutes, and 62.50° of [[Orbital inclination|inclination]] to the [[equator]].<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell |access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of {{cvt|758|kg}}.<ref name="GSP"/> It broadcast the PRN 13 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 20 June 1994.
By 19 July 1984, USA-1 had been raised to an orbit with a [[Apsis|perigee]] of {{cvt|19917|km}}, an [[Apsis|apogee]] of {{cvt|20446|km}}, a [[Orbital period|period]] of 718.00 minutes, and 62.80° of [[Orbital inclination|inclination]] to the [[equator]].<ref name="satcat">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell |access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of {{cvt|758|kg}}.<ref name="GSP"/> It broadcast the PRN 13 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 20 June 1994.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{GPS satellites}}
{{GPS satellites}}
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[[Category:USA satellites]]
[[Category:USA satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1984]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1984]]

{{US-spacecraft-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:04, 18 August 2024

USA-1
NamesNavstar 9
GPS I-9
GPS SVN-9
Mission typeNavigation
Technology
OperatorU.S. Air Force
COSPAR ID1984-059A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.15039
Mission duration5 years (planned)
10 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftNavstar
Spacecraft typeGPS Block I
ManufacturerRockwell Space Systems
Launch mass758 kg (1,671 lb)
Dimensions5.3 meters of long
Power400 watts
Start of mission
Launch date13 June 1984, 11:37 UTC
RocketAtlas E / SGS-2
(Atlas-42E)
Launch siteVandenberg, SLC-3W
ContractorConvair
General Dynamics
Entered service19 July 1984
End of mission
Deactivated20 June 1994
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[1]
RegimeMedium Earth orbit
(Semi-synchronous)
Perigee altitude19,917 km (12,376 mi)
Apogee altitude20,446 km (12,705 mi)
Inclination62.80°
Period718.00 minutes
← OPS 9794 (Navstar 8)
USA-5 (Navstar 10) →

USA-1, also known as Navstar 9, GPS I-9 and GPS SVN-9, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1984 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the ninth of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched,[2] and the first satellite to receive a USA designation.

Background

[edit]

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[3]

Spacecraft

[edit]

The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 meters across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.[3]

Launch

[edit]

USA-1 was launched at 11:37 UTC on 13 June 1984, atop an Atlas E launch vehicle with an SGS-2 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 42E, and was originally built as an Atlas E.[4] The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3W at Vandenberg Air Force Base,[5] and placed USA-1 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit (MEO) using a Star-27 apogee motor.[2]

Mission

[edit]

By 19 July 1984, USA-1 had been raised to an orbit with a perigee of 19,917 km (12,376 mi), an apogee of 20,446 km (12,705 mi), a period of 718.00 minutes, and 62.80° of inclination to the equator.[6] The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg (1,671 lb).[2] It broadcast the PRN 13 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 20 June 1994.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Trajectory: Navstar 9 1984-059A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "GPS (Navstar)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Navstar 9 1984-059A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  5. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch List". Launch Vehicle Database. Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  6. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
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