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{{short description|Overview of the impact of the Great Recession in Oceania}} |
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|style="text-align:center; background:#fff;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid; font-weight:bold;"| '''[[Late 2000s recession]]'''<br> |
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The '''Great Recession in Oceania ''' was the [[great recession]] of the late 2000s and early 2010s in [[Oceania]]. The Oceanic countries suffered minimal impact during this time, in comparison with the impact that [[North America]] and [[Europe]] felt. |
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*[[Late 2000s recession in Africa]] |
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*[[Late 2000s recession in the Americas]] |
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*[[Late 2000s recession in Asia]] |
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*Late 2000s recession in Australasia |
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*[[Late 2000s recession in Europe]] |
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The Australasian business community has been hit hard by the [[global financial crisis]] for a number of reasons. Although regional banks generally have good liquidity requirements, the commercial wing of the industry was overexposed to [[sovereign wealth fund]]s and governments made few provisions for the drop off in trade with China. Additionally, many institutions of the [[Economy of New Zealand|New Zealand economy]] are [[host regulation|regulated]] by Australian authorities, as cross-border banking has been allowed to gather pace since the late 1980s. |
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==Australia== |
==Australia== |
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{{Main|Economy of Australia}} |
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There has been a credit market crisis in the Australian economy since early 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=Buhrer|first=Katja|title=Investors are craving crucial hit of confidence|work=[[The Australian Financial Review]]|pages=20–21|date=2009-01-09}}</ref> The taxation system is currently being reviewed in order to reduce its complexity and increase the tax concessions made for investment income, although it remains uncertain what — if any — financial products will be excluded in the proposed changes. |
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Australia is one of the three [[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) countries that did not experience two consecutive negative quarters of growth and one of the two that avoided negative year-end [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] growth during the global recession.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Great Recession: Lessons for Central Bankers|last1=Braude|first1=Jacob|last2=Eckstein|first2=Zvi|last3=Fischer|first3=Stanley|last4=Flug|first4=Karnit|publisher=MIT Press|year=2013|isbn=9780262018340|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=245}}</ref> It was not affected by the crisis from 2008 to 2009 due to a number of factors such as government stimulus spending; its proximity to the booming [[Economy of China|Chinese economy]] and the related mining boom kept growth ticking over throughout the worst of the global conditions. In fact, sources such as the [[IMF]] and the [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] had predicted Australia was well positioned to weather the crisis with minimal disruption, sustaining more than 2% GDP growth in 2009 (as many Western nations went into recession). In the same year, the [[World Economic Forum]] ranked Australia's banking system the fourth best in the world, while the Australian dollar's 30% drop was seen as a boon for trade, shielding the country from the crisis and helping to slow growth and consumption. Australia's recession affected [[Economy of New Zealand|New Zealand's economy]] as Australia was New Zealand's biggest export market.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24477775-23850,00.html|title=Calls for international community to flush the system | work=The Australian | first=Michael|last=Stutchbury|date=2008-10-11}}</ref><ref> |
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In July 2008, the [[National Australia Bank]] cut a A$850 million bond sale by two thirds following investor flight and opted for a 100 percent write-off on a clutch of "senior strips" of AAA-rated collateralized debt obligations (CDO) worth A$900 million.<ref name=Australia /><ref name=NABbondsale>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&refer=Australia&sid=aKY4U1iiJ91I National Australia Cuts Bond Sale as Investors Balk]</ref><ref name=NABcdoloss>[http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/NAB-will-take-a-double-hit-GV4V8?OpenDocument Apocalypse NAB]</ref> Banks began avoiding lending for land, to focus on refinancing existing clients, and small developers held on to their properties as second-tier loan costs (up to $15 million) were, reportedly, unaffordable since February.<ref>{{cite news|last=Searle|first=Jane|title=Arrested Development|work=[[Business Review Weekly]]|volume=30|issue=30|date=2008-07-31|page=73}}</ref> Housing prices consequently fell in the second quarter for the first time in about three years, restricting consumer confidence to its lowest level in 16-years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601068&sid=acQPixotI0pQ&refer=home|title=Australia's Home-Loan Approvals Drop to Four-Year Low|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2008-08-06|accessdate=2008-08-11}}</ref> High profile casualties of the credit crunch include [[Allco Finance Group|Allco Finance]], [[Octaviar|MFS]], [[ABC Learning]], [[Babcock & Brown]] and [[Centro Properties Group|Centro]] while numerous other institutions have lost a significant part of their value.<ref>[http://business.smh.com.au/business/who-can-you-trust-20080918-4j12.html?page=1 Who can you trust?] Michael West, September 18, 2008 - 12:27PM </ref> |
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{{cite news|url=http://business.smh.com.au/business/the-fall-of-the-little-aussie-battler-20081011-4yi3.html|title=The fall of the little Aussie battler | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | first=Clancy|last=Yeates|date=2008-10-11}}</ref> It is said that the term Great Recession as a description of the post-2008 slump is not recognized by Australians particularly those under 30 due to its mild, intangible impact on the country's economy.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Rise and Fall of Australia|last=Bryant|first=Nick|publisher=Random House Australia|year=2015|isbn=9780857989024|location=Sydney|pages=3}}</ref> |
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Some analysts had predicted the continuing decline of trade in 2009 could put the economy into recession for the first time in 17 years.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2009/01/19/business/AS-Australia-Economy.php Australia seen sliding into recession in 2009], International Herald Tribune, January 19, 2009</ref> However, these initial fears were proved largely unfounded as the Australian economy avoided recession and the unemployment rate peaked at a much lower rate than had been predicted. To help address the anticipated slowdown, the Australian government also announced a stimulus package worth $27 billion to spur economic growth while the Reserve Bank of Australia introduced a series of interest rate cuts.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Concise Encyclopedia of The Great Recession 2007-2012|last=Rosenberg|first=Jerry|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=9780810883406|location=Lanham, MD|pages=[https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000rose/page/32 32]|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000rose/page/32}}</ref> |
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Sources such as the IMF and the Reserve Bank of Australia predict Australia is well positioned to weather the crisis with minimal disruption, sustaining more than 2% GDP growth in 2009 (while many Western nations go into recession). The World Economic Forum recently ranked Australia's banking system the fourth best in the world, while the Australian dollar's 30% drop is seen as a boom for trade, shielding from the crisis, and for helping to slow growth and consumption.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24477775-23850,00.html|title=Calls for international community to flush the system}}</ref><ref> |
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{{cite web|url=http://business.smh.com.au/business/the-fall-of-the-little-aussie-battler-20081011-4yi3.html|title=The fall of the little Aussie battler}}</ref> |
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Some analysts have predicted the continuing decline of trade in 2009 could put the economy into recession for the first time in 17 years.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2009/01/19/business/AS-Australia-Economy.php Australia seen sliding into recession in 2009], International Herald Tribune, January 19, 2009</ref> Unemployment will increase because of slower growth, declining profits and government revenues.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/12/31/2457194.htm |title=Economists warn of ugly year ahead |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=December 31, 2008 |accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref> |
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{{Main|Economy of New Zealand}} |
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The New Zealand Treasury defines "recession" as "consecutive falls in real GDP." The department said that New Zealand's real GDP fell 3.3% between the December 2007 quarter and the March 2008 quarter, and that this start, before any other OECD nation, was the result of domestic factors. It said that New Zealand's recession was among the first to finish and was one of the shallowest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treasury.govt.nz/economy/mei/jan10/03.htm|access-date=29 July 2017|title=Special Topic: Recession and recovery in the OECD|work=NZ Treasury – treasury.govt.nz}}</ref> New Zealand Institute of Economic Research's quarterly survey showed New Zealand's economy contracted 0.3 percent in the first quarter of 2008. |
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===First Commonwealth Government stimulus package=== |
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In order to avoid or cushion the impact of a recession, the Federal Government proposed a AU$10.4 billion stimulus package. The package would provide cash payments to those already on government transfer payments. $4.8 billion of this package went to pensioners, carers and war veterans with individuals getting a lump sum of $1,400 and couples getting $2,100. $3.9 billion was to be paid for people who were receiving family tax benefit A and people who were receiving family tax benefit B. $1.5 billion was set aside for the first home grant with it being doubled to $14,000 for existing homes and trebled to $21,000 for newly built homes. Other smaller programs would make up the rest of expenditure.<ref>[http://news.theage.com.au/business/stimulus-plan-to-reduce-recession-risk-20081014-50db.html Stimulus plan to reduce "Recession Risk"], Fairfax media, October 14, 2008 accessdate=June 6 2009</ref> Treasury estimated that it would boost GDP by 1% and UBS chief economist predicted that if all of the stimulus money were spent then it would boost Christmas sales by 30%.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/national/10bn-jolt-to-boost-economy-20081014-50qi.html?page=-1] $10 Billion Jolt to the economy, Fairfax media October 15, 2008 accessdate=June 6 2009</ref> |
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There was a substantial number of [[Finance company collapses, 2006-12 (New Zealand)|finance company collapses]] between 2006 and 2012. Housing starts in New Zealand fell 20 percent in June 2008, the lowest levels since 1986.<ref name=Australia>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2008/07/30/cnoz130.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731002809/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2008/07/30/cnoz130.xml|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-07-31|title= Australia faces worse crisis than America|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=2008-07-29|access-date=2008-07-30 | location=London | first1=Ambrose | last1=Evans-Pritchard}}</ref> Excluding apartments, approvals dropped 13 percent from May. Approvals in the year ended June fell 12 percent from a year earlier. Second-quarter approvals dropped 19 percent. The figures suggested a decrease in construction and economic growth. House sales fell 42 percent in June from a year earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=a25bNNcVQke4&refer=australia|title= New Zealand Building Approvals Fall to 22-Year Low|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2008-07-29|access-date=2008-08-10}}</ref> |
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In March 2009, [[Canberra]] announced that the Australian economy contracted by 0.5% in the last quarter of 2008, leading to fresh worries of recession.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Australias-economy-shrank-in-apf-14536115.html|title=Australia's economy shrank in last quarter of 2008|agency=Associated Press|date=March 4, 2009|first=Tanalee|last=Smith}}</ref> On Wednesday the 22nd of April, 2009 it was declared that Australia was to fall into recession by Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]]. |
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The [[New Zealand Treasury]] concluded that the country's economy had contracted for a second quarter based on economic indicators, putting New Zealand in a recession.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7542815.stm|title= New Zealand 'enters recession'|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-08-05|access-date=2008-08-10}}</ref> New Zealand's central bank cut rates by half a percent arguing the economy was in recession.<ref name=NZTaiwan>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/money/2008/09/11/bcnkiwi111.xml|title=New Zealand slashes rates as economy lurches toward recession|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=2008-09-11|access-date=2008-09-12 | location=London}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> New Zealand's GDP declined by 0.2 percent in the second quarter putting the country in its first recession in a decade.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601068&sid=aIQfRV6AYbfk&refer=home|title=New Zealand Economy Shrank 0.2%, Confirming Recession|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2008-09-26|access-date=2008-09-26}}</ref> |
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However on June 3, the Federal Government announced the GDP data that Australia did not show negative growth for two consecutive quarters, and thus has not officially entered recession, providing an optimistic outlook for the economy.<ref>[http://business.smh.com.au/business/australia-dodges-recession-20090603-buyq.html]</ref> The positive GDP figure was due to a increase in the trades surplus due to an increase in exports and a large decrease in imports. This combined with steady consumption figures to prevent the economy contracting in this quarter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/business/story/0,28124,25593640-30538,00.html |title=Exports real key to recovery |publisher=News Corp |date=June 6, 2009 |accessdate=2009-06-06}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The economy emerged from recession in mid-2009, with the second-quarter GDP report showing the economy grew by 0.1 per cent on the March quarter.<ref>{{cite news | last = Louisson | first = Simon | title = New Zealand's economy grew 0.1% in second quarter | work = The Wall Street Journal Asia | volume = 34 | issue = 18 | date = 2009-09-24 | page = 14 | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125366520990632487 | access-date = 2009-11-17}}</ref> |
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According to Analysts Australia weathered the financial crisis better than all other major developed countries due to good macro economic management, a healthy Government surplus, strong commodities based economy, Good Co-ordination between the government and the Reserve (central) Bank, effective stimulus measures, Strong banking/financial system with low toxic assets and lower risk lending and investing ventures comparatively to other nations economies. OCED quarterly reports on member nations noted these reasons for Australia's economic position and praised the country's officials for saving their economy from Recession. |
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== |
==References== |
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |
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| colspan=9 |'''Employment, Unemployment and Participation'''<ref>http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/mf/6202.0?opendocument?utm_id=HL</ref> |
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! Date !! Number of people employed ,000s !! Number of people unemployed ,000s !! Unemployment Rate, % !! Participation Rate, % !! Seasonally Adjusted Number of people Employed ,000s !! seasonally Adjusted number of people unemployed ,000s !! Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate, % !! Seasonally Adjusted Participation Rate, % |
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| March 2009 || 10 794.9 || 611.1 || 5.4 || 65.4 || 10 771.6 || 649.9 || 5.7 || 65.5 |
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| April 2009 || 10 790.6 || 630.8 || 5.5 || 65.5 || 10 798.9 || 614.6 || 5.4 || 65.4 |
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'''New Zealand''' Institute of Economic Research's quarterly survey showing New Zealand's economy contracted 0.3 percent in the first quarter and Treasury figures suggested the economy also contracted in the June quarter putting New Zealand in a technical recession.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/09/content_8517938.htm|title=New Zealand considered to be in recession|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|date=2008-07-09|accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> The Treasury says the economy could recover in the second half of the year under the impact of high dairy prices boosting farmer incomes and cuts to personal tax rates, which come into effect on Oct. 1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/asiaCompanyAndMarkets/idINWEL12539220080707|title=NZ Treasury: economy may be in recession already|publisher=Reuters|date=2008-07-07|accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> About 23 financial companies in New Zealand have filed for bankruptcy in a year. Housing starts in New Zealand fell 20 percent in June, the lowest levels since 1986.<ref name=Australia>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2008/07/30/cnoz130.xml|title= Australia faces worse crisis than America|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=2008-07-29|accessdate=2008-07-30}}</ref> Excluding apartments, approvals dropped 13 percent from May. Approvals in the year ended June fell 12 percent from a year earlier. Second-quarter approvals dropped 19 percent. The figures suggest a decrease in construction and economic growth. House sales fell 42 percent in June from a year earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=a25bNNcVQke4&refer=australia|title= New Zealand Building Approvals Fall to 22-Year Low|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2008-07-29|accessdate=2008-08-10}}</ref> The New Zealand Treasury concluded that the country's economy had contracted for a second quarter based on economic indicators, putting New Zealand in a recession.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7542815.stm|title= New Zealand 'enters recession'|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-08-05|accessdate=2008-08-10}}</ref> New Zealand's central bank cut rates by half a percent arguing the economy was in recession.<ref name=NZTaiwan>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/money/2008/09/11/bcnkiwi111.xml|title=New Zealand slashes rates as economy lurches toward recession|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=2008-09-11|accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref> New Zealand's GDP declined by 0.2 percent in the second quarter putting the country in its first recession in a decade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601068&sid=aIQfRV6AYbfk&refer=home|title=New Zealand Economy Shrank 0.2%, Confirming Recession|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=2008-09-26|accessdate=2008-09-26}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The economy emerged from recession in mid-2009, with the second-quarter GDP report showing the economy grew by 0.1 per cent on the March quarter.<ref>{{cite news | last = Louisson | first = Simon | title = New |
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== References == |
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{{Economic Crisis}} |
{{Economic Crisis}} |
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{{United States–Commonwealth of Nations recessions}} |
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{{Oceania topics}} |
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[[Category:Great Recession|O01]] |
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[[Category:Late 2000s global financial crisis|Australasia]] |
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[[Category:Economy of Oceania]] |
[[Category:Economy of Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2000s in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2010s in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:Economic history of Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2007 in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2008 in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2009 in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:2007 in Australia]] |
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[[Category:2007 in New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:2008 in Australia]] |
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[[Category:2008 in New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:2009 in Australia]] |
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[[Category:2009 in New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:Economic history of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Economic history of New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:2007 in economic history]] |
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[[Category:2008 in economic history]] |
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[[Category:2009 in economic history]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:59, 19 August 2024
| Part of a series on the |
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The Great Recession in Oceania was the great recession of the late 2000s and early 2010s in Oceania. The Oceanic countries suffered minimal impact during this time, in comparison with the impact that North America and Europe felt.
Australia
[edit]Australia is one of the three Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that did not experience two consecutive negative quarters of growth and one of the two that avoided negative year-end GDP growth during the global recession.[1] It was not affected by the crisis from 2008 to 2009 due to a number of factors such as government stimulus spending; its proximity to the booming Chinese economy and the related mining boom kept growth ticking over throughout the worst of the global conditions. In fact, sources such as the IMF and the Reserve Bank of Australia had predicted Australia was well positioned to weather the crisis with minimal disruption, sustaining more than 2% GDP growth in 2009 (as many Western nations went into recession). In the same year, the World Economic Forum ranked Australia's banking system the fourth best in the world, while the Australian dollar's 30% drop was seen as a boon for trade, shielding the country from the crisis and helping to slow growth and consumption. Australia's recession affected New Zealand's economy as Australia was New Zealand's biggest export market.[2][3] It is said that the term Great Recession as a description of the post-2008 slump is not recognized by Australians particularly those under 30 due to its mild, intangible impact on the country's economy.[4]
Some analysts had predicted the continuing decline of trade in 2009 could put the economy into recession for the first time in 17 years.[5] However, these initial fears were proved largely unfounded as the Australian economy avoided recession and the unemployment rate peaked at a much lower rate than had been predicted. To help address the anticipated slowdown, the Australian government also announced a stimulus package worth $27 billion to spur economic growth while the Reserve Bank of Australia introduced a series of interest rate cuts.[6]
New Zealand
[edit]The New Zealand Treasury defines "recession" as "consecutive falls in real GDP." The department said that New Zealand's real GDP fell 3.3% between the December 2007 quarter and the March 2008 quarter, and that this start, before any other OECD nation, was the result of domestic factors. It said that New Zealand's recession was among the first to finish and was one of the shallowest.[7] New Zealand Institute of Economic Research's quarterly survey showed New Zealand's economy contracted 0.3 percent in the first quarter of 2008.
There was a substantial number of finance company collapses between 2006 and 2012. Housing starts in New Zealand fell 20 percent in June 2008, the lowest levels since 1986.[8] Excluding apartments, approvals dropped 13 percent from May. Approvals in the year ended June fell 12 percent from a year earlier. Second-quarter approvals dropped 19 percent. The figures suggested a decrease in construction and economic growth. House sales fell 42 percent in June from a year earlier.[9]
The New Zealand Treasury concluded that the country's economy had contracted for a second quarter based on economic indicators, putting New Zealand in a recession.[10] New Zealand's central bank cut rates by half a percent arguing the economy was in recession.[11] New Zealand's GDP declined by 0.2 percent in the second quarter putting the country in its first recession in a decade.[12]
The economy emerged from recession in mid-2009, with the second-quarter GDP report showing the economy grew by 0.1 per cent on the March quarter.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ Braude, Jacob; Eckstein, Zvi; Fischer, Stanley; Flug, Karnit (2013). The Great Recession: Lessons for Central Bankers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 245. ISBN 9780262018340.
- ^ Stutchbury, Michael (2008-10-11). "Calls for international community to flush the system". The Australian.
- ^ Yeates, Clancy (2008-10-11). "The fall of the little Aussie battler". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ Bryant, Nick (2015). The Rise and Fall of Australia. Sydney: Random House Australia. p. 3. ISBN 9780857989024.
- ^ Australia seen sliding into recession in 2009, International Herald Tribune, January 19, 2009
- ^ Rosenberg, Jerry (2012). The Concise Encyclopedia of The Great Recession 2007-2012. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. pp. 32. ISBN 9780810883406.
- ^ "Special Topic: Recession and recovery in the OECD". NZ Treasury – treasury.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
- ^ Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (2008-07-29). "Australia faces worse crisis than America". London: Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
- ^ "New Zealand Building Approvals Fall to 22-Year Low". Bloomberg. 2008-07-29. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ "New Zealand 'enters recession'". BBC News. 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ "New Zealand slashes rates as economy lurches toward recession". London: Daily Telegraph. 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2008-09-12.[dead link]
- ^ "New Zealand Economy Shrank 0.2%, Confirming Recession". Bloomberg. 2008-09-26. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ Louisson, Simon (2009-09-24). "New Zealand's economy grew 0.1% in second quarter". The Wall Street Journal Asia. Vol. 34, no. 18. p. 14. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
External links
[edit]Categories:
- Great Recession
- Economy of Oceania
- 2000s in Oceania
- 2010s in Oceania
- Economic history of Oceania
- 2007 in Oceania
- 2008 in Oceania
- 2009 in Oceania
- 2007 in Australia
- 2007 in New Zealand
- 2008 in Australia
- 2008 in New Zealand
- 2009 in Australia
- 2009 in New Zealand
- Economic history of Australia
- Economic history of New Zealand
- 2007 in economic history
- 2008 in economic history
- 2009 in economic history