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{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{for|the language|Pintupi dialect}}
{{for|the language|Pintupi dialect}}
{{short description|Indigenous Australian people}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}


The '''Pintupi''' are an [[Australian Aboriginal]] group who are part of the [[Western Desert cultural bloc|Western Desert]] cultural group and whose homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and [[Lake Mackay]] in [[Western Australia]]. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of [[Papunya]] and [[Haasts Bluff]] in the west of the [[Northern Territory]] in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert, in 1984, are a group known as the [[Pintupi Nine]], also sometimes called the "lost tribe".
The '''Pintupi''' are an [[Australian Aboriginal]] group who are part of the [[Western Desert cultural bloc|Western Desert]] cultural group and whose [[traditional owner|traditional land]] is in the area west of [[Lake Macdonald]] and [[Lake Mackay]] in [[Western Australia]]. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of [[Papunya]] and [[Haasts Bluff]] in the west of the [[Northern Territory]] in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert, in 1984, are a group known as the [[Pintupi Nine]], also sometimes called the "lost tribe".


Over recent decades groups of Pintupi have moved back to their traditional country, as part of what has come to be called the [[outstation movement]]. These groups set up the communities of [[Kintore, Northern Territory|Kintore]] (''Wa<u>l</u>ungurru'' in [[Pintupi language|Pintupi]]) in the [[Northern Territory]], [[Kiwirrkurra, Western Australia|Kiwirrkura]] and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi: ''Puntutjarrpa'') in [[Western Australia]]. There was also a recent dramatic increase in Pintupi populations and speakers of the Pintupi language.{{sfn|Ethnologue}}
Over recent decades groups of Pintupi have moved back to their traditional country, as part of what has come to be called the [[outstation movement]]. These groups set up the communities of [[Kintore, Northern Territory|Kintore]] (''Wa<u>l</u>ungurru'' in [[Pintupi language|Pintupi]]) in the [[Northern Territory]], [[Kiwirrkurra, Western Australia|Kiwirrkura]] and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi: ''Puntutjarrpa'') in [[Western Australia]]. There was also a recent dramatic increase in Pintupi populations and speakers of the Pintupi language.{{sfn|Ethnologue}}
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{{main|Australian Aboriginal kinship}}
{{main|Australian Aboriginal kinship}}


In common with neighbouring groups, such as the [[Warlpiri people|Warlpiri]], the Pintupi have a complex [[Australian Aboriginal kinship|kinship system]], with eight different kin groups, made more so by distinct prefixes for male and female skin names; "Tj" for males, "N" for females:{{efn|Of the contiguous [[Ngalea]] and [[Jumu]], Fry writes that the system of subsection names were those of the [[Luritja]], consisting of the [[Aranda]] terms prefixed with ''ta'' for males, and ''na' for females. {{sfn|Fry|1934|p=472}}}}
In common with neighbouring groups, such as the [[Warlpiri people|Warlpiri]], the Pintupi have a complex [[Australian Aboriginal kinship|kinship system]], with eight different kin groups, made more so by distinct prefixes for male and female skin names; "Tj" for males, "N" for females:{{efn|Of the contiguous [[Ngalia (Northern Territory)|Ngalia]] and [[Yumu people|Yumu]], Fry writes that the system of subsection names were those of the [[Luritja]], consisting of the [[Aranda language|Aranda]] terms prefixed with ''ta'' for males, and ''na' for females. {{harv|Fry|1934|p=472}}}}


The Pintupi refer to places and their attached [[The Dreaming|dreaming stories]] by the skin names of their owners or ancestral heroes which passed through the area. This is done to both record the stories of Dreamtime figures and keep record of the complex Pintupi kinship structure.{{sfn|Goodall|1996|p=12}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em"
|-
!Men with skin name
!Only marry women named
!Sons will be
!Daughters will be
|-
|Tjapaltjarri
|Nakamarra
|Tjungurrayi
|Nungurrayi
|-
|-
|Tjapangati
|Nampitjinpa
|Tjapanangka
|Napanangka
|-
|-
|Tjakamarra
|Napaltjarri
|Tjupurrula
|Napurrula
|-
|-
|Tjampitjinpa
|Napangati
|Tjangala
|Nangala
|-
|-
|Tjapanangka
|Napurrula
|Tjapangati
|Napangati
|-
|-
|Tjungurrayi
|Nangala
|Tjapaltjarri
|Napaltjarri
|-
|-
|Tjupurrula
|Napanangka
|Tjakamarra
|Nakamarra
|-
|-
|Tjangala
|Nungurrayi
|Tjampitjinpa
|Nampitjinpa
|-
|}


==Prominent Pintupi==
==Prominent Pintupi==
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* [[Makinti Napanangka]]
* [[Makinti Napanangka]]
* [[Naata Nungurrayi]]
* [[Naata Nungurrayi]]
{{div col end}}
*[[Ningura Napurrula]]{{div col end}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 102: Line 49:
* [[Pintupi language]]
* [[Pintupi language]]
* [[Pintupi Nine]]
* [[Pintupi Nine]]
* [[Beds Are Burning]] - a rock and roll protest song by [[Midnight Oil]] band about the Pintupi struggles


==Notes==
==Notes==
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| url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/PIU
| url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/PIU
| ref = {{harvid|Ethnologue}}
| ref = {{harvid|Ethnologue}}
}}
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Body and Soul: A Study from Western Central Australia
*{{Cite journal | title = Body and Soul: A Study from Western Central Australia
| last = Fry| first = H. K.
| last = Fry | first = H. K.
| author-link = Henry Fry (anthropologist)
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| date= March 1933| volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 247-256
| date = March 1933 | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 247–256
| jstor = 40327416
| doi = 10.1002/j.1834-4461.1933.tb00073.x | jstor = 40327416
}}
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Kinship in Western Central Australia
*{{Cite journal | title = Kinship in Western Central Australia
| last = Fry | first = H. K.
| last = Fry | first = H. K.
| author-link = Henry Fry (anthropologist)
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| date = June 1934 | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 472–478
| date = June 1934 | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 472–478
| jstor = 27976165
| doi = 10.1002/j.1834-4461.1934.tb00123.x | jstor = 27976165
}}
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Politico-Historical Construction of the Pintupi Luritja and the Concept of Tribe
*{{Cite journal | title = The Politico-Historical Construction of the Pintupi Luritja and the Concept of Tribe
| last = Holcombe| first = Sarah
| last = Holcombe | first = Sarah
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]]
| date = June 2004 | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 257-275
| date = June 2004 | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 257–275
| jstor = 40332067
| doi = 10.1002/j.1834-4461.2004.tb02854.x | jstor = 40332067
}}
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = WALAWURRU, The Giant Eaglehawk: Aboriginal Reminiscences of Aircraft in Central Australia 1921-1931
*{{Cite journal | title = WALAWURRU, The Giant Eaglehawk: Aboriginal Reminiscences of Aircraft in Central Australia 1921-1931
| last = Kimber | first = R.G.
| last = Kimber | first = R.G.
| journal = [[Aboriginal History]]
| journal = [[Aboriginal History]]
| year = 1982| volume = 6 | issue = 1/2 | pages = 49-60
| year = 1982 | volume = 6 | issue = 1/2 | pages = 49–60
| jstor = 24045547
| jstor = 24045547
}}
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines
*{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines
| last = Myers| first = Fred R.
| last = Myers | first = Fred R.
| journal = Ethos
| journal = Ethos
| year = 1979 | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 343–370
| date = 1979
| volume = 7 | issue = 4
| doi = 10.1525/eth.1979.7.4.02a00030 | jstor = 640015
}}
| pages = 343-370
| jstor = 640015
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines
*{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines
| last = Myers| first = Fred R.
| last = Myers | first = Fred R.
| journal = [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |Man]]
| journal = [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|Man]]
| date = December 1988 | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 589-610
| date = December 1988 | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 589–610
| jstor = 2802595
| doi = 10.2307/2802595 | jstor = 2802595
}}
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Pintubi (NT)
*{{Cite book| chapter = Pintubi (NT)
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | year = 1974
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = [[Australian National University]]
| publisher = [[Australian National University]]
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/pintubi.htm
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/pintubi.htm
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
}}
| ref = harv
*{{Cite book| chapter = Land and Meanings
}}
| last = Goodall| first = Heather | year = 1996
| title = Invasion to embassy : land in Aboriginal politics in New South Wales, 1770-1972
| publisher = Sydney University Press
| chapter-url = https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.130855.9
| isbn = 9781920898588
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124507/http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/pmackett/web/patrol_1957.html native patrol report]
* [http://recollections.nma.gov.au/issues/vol_1_no_2/exhibition_reviews/colliding_worlds/ National Museum of Australia journal]
* [http://www.cifhs.com/ntrecords/ntpatrol/patrol_1957.html Report on Patrol to Lake Mackay Area June / July 1957]
* [http://www.cifhs.com/ntrecords/ntpatrol/patrolwas.html Patrols in Central Australia (Western Desert)]


{{Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory}}
{{Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory}}


{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pintupi| ]]
[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Pintupi]]

Latest revision as of 06:39, 19 August 2024

The Pintupi are an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group and whose traditional land is in the area west of Lake Macdonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of Papunya and Haasts Bluff in the west of the Northern Territory in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert, in 1984, are a group known as the Pintupi Nine, also sometimes called the "lost tribe".

Over recent decades groups of Pintupi have moved back to their traditional country, as part of what has come to be called the outstation movement. These groups set up the communities of Kintore (Walungurru in Pintupi) in the Northern Territory, Kiwirrkura and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi: Puntutjarrpa) in Western Australia. There was also a recent dramatic increase in Pintupi populations and speakers of the Pintupi language.[1]

Country

[edit]

Pintupi lands, in Tindale's estimation, spread over roughly 8,000 square miles (21,000 km2), embracing the areas of Lake Mackay, Lake Macdonald, Mount Russell, the Ehrenberg and Kintore ranges and Warman Rocks. Their western extension ran to near Winbaruku, while their southern frontier was in the vicinity of Johnstone Hill.[2]

History

[edit]

Inhabiting a very remote part of Australia, the Pintupi were among the last Aboriginal Australians to leave their traditional lifestyle. For many, this occurred as a result of the Blue Streak missile tests which began in the 1960s. As these missiles would have a trajectory landing in the desert areas known to still be inhabited, government officials decided that these people should be relocated. A number of trips were made to the area and Aboriginal people were located and moved (or encouraged to move) into one of the settlements on the eastern fringe of the desert, such as Haasts Bluff, Hermannsburg and Papunya. As a result of different people leaving the desert at different times and in different directions, Pintupi have wound up living at a variety of communities around the edge of the desert, including Warburton, Kaltukatjara (formerly known as Docker River), Balgo and Mulan, but the majority reside at the major Pintupi communities of Kintore, Kiwirrkura and Papunya.

In the 1960s, the Menzies Liberal government forced the removal of traditional-living Pintupi to settlements east of their country, closer to Alice Springs. The government argued that they were not ready to live in modern society and needed to be re-educated before assimilation into white society. In practice, this meant relocation from their traditional lands and suppression of their language, art and culture.

This policy also involved the forced removal of thousands of Aboriginal children from their parents and their dispersal into government or religious institutions or foster care (see Stolen Generation).

At Papunya, a government settlement, Pintupi mixed with Warlpiri, Arrernte, Anmatyerre and Luritja language groups, but formed the largest language group. Conditions were so bad that 129 people, or almost one-sixth of the residents, died of treatable diseases such as hepatitis, meningitis and encephalitis between 1962 and 1966[citation needed].

Pintupi kinship

[edit]

In common with neighbouring groups, such as the Warlpiri, the Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different kin groups, made more so by distinct prefixes for male and female skin names; "Tj" for males, "N" for females:[a]

The Pintupi refer to places and their attached dreaming stories by the skin names of their owners or ancestral heroes which passed through the area. This is done to both record the stories of Dreamtime figures and keep record of the complex Pintupi kinship structure.[3]

Prominent Pintupi

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Of the contiguous Ngalia and Yumu, Fry writes that the system of subsection names were those of the Luritja, consisting of the Aranda terms prefixed with ta for males, and na' for females. (Fry 1934, p. 472)

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Ethnologue.
  2. ^ Tindale 1974, p. 235.
  3. ^ Goodall 1996, p. 12.

Sources

[edit]
  • "Ethnologue".
  • Fry, H. K. (March 1933). "Body and Soul: A Study from Western Central Australia". Oceania. 3 (3): 247–256. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1933.tb00073.x. JSTOR 40327416.
  • Fry, H. K. (June 1934). "Kinship in Western Central Australia". Oceania. 4 (4): 472–478. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1934.tb00123.x. JSTOR 27976165.
  • Holcombe, Sarah (June 2004). "The Politico-Historical Construction of the Pintupi Luritja and the Concept of Tribe". Oceania. 74 (4): 257–275. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.2004.tb02854.x. JSTOR 40332067.
  • Kimber, R.G. (1982). "WALAWURRU, The Giant Eaglehawk: Aboriginal Reminiscences of Aircraft in Central Australia 1921-1931". Aboriginal History. 6 (1/2): 49–60. JSTOR 24045547.
  • Myers, Fred R. (1979). "The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines". Ethos. 7 (4): 343–370. doi:10.1525/eth.1979.7.4.02a00030. JSTOR 640015.
  • Myers, Fred R. (December 1988). "The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines". Man. 23 (4): 589–610. doi:10.2307/2802595. JSTOR 2802595.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Pintubi (NT)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
  • Goodall, Heather (1996). "Land and Meanings". Invasion to embassy : land in Aboriginal politics in New South Wales, 1770-1972. Sydney University Press. ISBN 9781920898588.
[edit]