Kedar (raga): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox raga |
{{Infobox raga |
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| name = Kedar |
| name = Kedar |
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| image_name = |
| image_name = Kedara Ragini.jpg |
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| image_alt = |
| image_alt = |
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| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]] |
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]] |
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| type = Chanchal raga |
| type = Chanchal raga |
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| time = 1st prahar of |
| time = 1st prahar of Singing |
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| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]] |
| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]] |
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| arohana = S |
| arohana = {{svaraH|S|m|G|P|D|N|S'}} |
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| avarohana = S' |
| avarohana = {{svaraH|S'|N|D|P|M|P|m|R|S}} |
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| jaati = Shaadav-Sampoorn |
| jaati = Shaadav-Sampoorn |
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| vadi = |
| vadi = Ma |
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| samavadi = |
| samavadi = Sa |
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| pakad = The [[pakad]] of this raga is सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा |
| pakad = The [[pakad]] of this raga is सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा |
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| chalan = सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा |
| chalan = सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा |
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{{Hindustani Classical Music}} |
{{Hindustani Classical Music}} |
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Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga occupies a high pedestal in [[Indian classical music]]. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the [[Svara|swaras]] सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation. |
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[[File:Kedara Ragini.jpg|thumb|Kedara Ragini]] |
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Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga is placed on a high pedestal in the realms of Indian classical music. It is characterised by many complex turns, which are brilliantly melodious but difficult to express in words. This raag is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that there is much thermal energy in this melody and hence it is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant Raag manifestation. |
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== Origin == |
== Origin == |
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The |
The raga emerges from the [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan thaat]]. This raga is named after [[Lord Shiva]] and is loved by [[Lord Krishna]]. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in [[Gokul]] was mesmerized. |
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== Technical description == |
== Technical description == |
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The raga is of ''shaadava-sampurna'' nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent), only six notes are used, and in [[avarohana]] (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture |
The raga is of ''shaadava-sampurna'' nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent), only six notes are used, and in [[avarohana]] (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using ''arohana'' and ''avarohana''. |
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The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n). |
The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n). |
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[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M |
[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M, D N S` |
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[[Avarohana]]: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S |
[[Avarohana]]: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S |
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[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S |
[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S |
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The notes of the |
The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) p d n s. |
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The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is |
The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is M, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S. |
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== Samay |
== Samay == |
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The raga is to be sung |
The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first ''[[prahar]]'' of night. Most ragas with ''{{lang|hi-Latn|teevra}}'' ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas). |
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Most Ragas with ''{{lang|hi-Latn|teevra}}'' ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of Ragas). |
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== Further information == |
== Further information == |
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The [[meend]] from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used |
The [[meend]] from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a [[grace note]] in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swara}}'' to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swaras}}'' often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]] and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like [[khayal]]s, [[thumri]]s, [[dhrupad]]s, as well as light classical songs based on it. |
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According to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], |
According to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism. |
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== Variants == |
== Variants == |
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== Film songs == |
== Film songs == |
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=== Language : [[Hindi]] === |
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{{Copy edit|section|for=individual song titles. These should not be in italics but should be enclosed in quotes per [[WP:MOSMUSIC]]|date=May 2021}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!style="background:#f4a860" |Song |
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!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie |
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!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer |
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!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers |
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|- |
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|Dharsan Do Ghan Shyam<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/the-joy-of-hamirkalyani/article5124087.ece|title=The joy of Hamirkalyani|last=Mani|first=Charulatha|date=2013-09-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-11-03|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
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|[[Narsi Bhagat]] |
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|Shankar Rao Vyas |
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|[[Hemant Kumar]] & [[Manna Dey]] & [[Sudha Malhotra]] & G.S.Nepali & Ravi |
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|- |
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|Hum Ko Man Ki Shakti Dena<ref name=GaaneSuneUnsune>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyG6yfoyITA |title=HumkoManKiShaktiDena|author=GoldMinesGaaneSuneAnsune|website=youtube(videostreaming)|access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref> |
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|[[Guddi (1971 film)]] |
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|[[Vasant Desai]] |
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|[[Vani Jairam]] & Chorus |
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|- |
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|Main Pagal Mera Manwa Pagal |
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|[[Ashiana]] |
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|[[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]] |
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|[[Talat Mahmood]] |
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|- |
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|Aap Yun Hi Agar Humse Milte Rahe<ref name=SEPLvintage>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ez_GyVEST0 |title=AapYunHiAgarHumseMilteRahe|author=SEPLvintage|website=youtube(videostreaming)|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref> |
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|[[Ek Musafir Ek Hasina]] |
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|[[O. P. Nayyar]] |
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|[[Asha Bhosle]] & [[Mohammed Rafi]] |
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|- |
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|Bole To Baansuri |
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|[[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] |
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|[[Raj Kamal]] |
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|[[K. J. Yesudas]] |
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|- |
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|Bekas pe karam kijie ye |
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|[[Mughal-e-Azam]] |
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|[[Naushad]] |
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|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] |
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|} |
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=== Songs listed below sound closer to Hameer Kalyani(Carnatic) which is similar to Kedar(Hindustani).=== |
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=== Tamil === |
=== Tamil === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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| Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho |
| Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho |
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| [[Chandhrodhayam]] |
| [[Chandhrodhayam]] |
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| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]] |
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| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]] |
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]] |
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|- |
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| Kannile Enna Undu |
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| [[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]] |
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| [[P. Susheela]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Vellaikkamalathiley |
| Vellaikkamalathiley |
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| [[Gowri Kalyanam]] |
| [[Gowri Kalyanam]] |
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| [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] |
| [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] |
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|- |
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| Aval Oru Navarasa |
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| [[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]] |
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| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu |
| Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu |
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| Silambu |
| Silambu |
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| [[K. S. Chitra]] |
| rowspan=2|[[K. S. Chitra]] |
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|- |
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| Netru parthatho |
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| En Kanavar |
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| [[S. P. Venkatesh]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja |
| Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja |
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|- |
|- |
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| Inimel Naalum |
| Inimel Naalum |
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| Iravu |
| [[Iravu Pookkal]] |
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| [[S. Janaki]] |
| [[S. Janaki]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Nila Kaikiradhu |
| Nila Kaikiradhu |
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| [[Indira (film)|Indira]] |
| [[Indira (film)|Indira]] |
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| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="4" | [[A. R. Rahman]] |
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| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] |
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Ratchagan]] |
| [[Ratchagan]] |
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| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] |
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] |
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|- |
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| Murali Mogha |
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| [[Atrangi Re|Galatta Kalyanam]] |
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| [[Haricharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Manasukkul |
| Manasukkul |
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| [[Kalyana Agathigal]] |
| [[Kalyana Agathigal]] |
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| V. S. Narasimhan |
| [[V. S. Narasimhan]] |
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| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]] |
| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| Iruvathu Vayathu Varai |
| Iruvathu Vayathu Varai |
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| [[Kannodu Kanbathellam]] |
| [[Kannodu Kanbathellam]] |
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| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] |
| rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]] |
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| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[S. Janaki]] |
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[S. Janaki]] |
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|- |
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| Pirivellam |
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| [[Soori (2003 film)|Soori]] |
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| [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi]] |
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|} |
|} |
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=== Language : [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] === |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!style="background:#f4a860" |Song |
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!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie |
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!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer |
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!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers |
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|- |
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|Sridevini |
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|[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]] |
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|[[Pendyala (composer)]] |
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|[[S. Varalakshmi]] |
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|- |
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|Sadhinchanouna |
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|[[Rahasyam (1967 film)]] |
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|[[Ghantasala (musician)]] |
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|[[Ghantasala (musician)]] & [[P. Susheela]] |
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|- |
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|Nee Madhu Murali gaana leela |
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|[[Bhakta Jayadeva]] |
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|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] |
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|[[Ghantasala (musician)]] |
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|- |
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|Lalitha Kalaradhanalo |
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|[[Kalyani (1979 film)]] |
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|[[Ramesh Naidu]] |
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|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] |
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|} |
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=== Hindi === |
=== Hindi === |
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Following are the |
Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar: |
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* {{transl|hi|Bekas pe karam kijie ye}} - [[Mughal-e-Azam]] (1960)- [[Lata Mangeshkar]] |
* {{transl|hi|Bekas pe karam kijie ye}} - [[Mughal-e-Azam]] (1960)- [[Lata Mangeshkar]] |
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* {{transl|hi|Bole to bansuri kahi}} - [[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] (1979)- [[Yesudas]] |
* {{transl|hi|Bole to bansuri kahi}} - [[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] (1979)- [[Yesudas]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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* https://chrandrakanta.com/ |
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* http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm |
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== Sources == |
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* https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ |
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* [https://chrandrakanta.com/ Chandra Kanta] |
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* https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/ |
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* {{Cite web|title=Raag Kedar – Indian Classical Music – Tanarang.com|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.tanarang.com}} |
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* {{Cite web|title=Raga Kedar – A Perspective|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}} |
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* {{Cite web|title=On the Variants of Kedar|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ Raga Kedar – A Perspective] |
* [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ Raga Kedar – A Perspective] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas] |
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* |
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|title=Know your Raga : Thaat|date=14 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|archive-date=14 May 2007}} |
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* |
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|title=Sawf Archive of Articles on Classical Indian Music|date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510143551/http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|archive-date=10 May 2007}} |
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* |
* {{Cite web|url=https://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/kedar.html|title=Ocean Of Ragas|website=oceanofragas.com}} |
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{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} |
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}} |
Latest revision as of 08:03, 19 August 2024
Thaat | Kalyan |
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Type | Chanchal raga |
Time of day | 1st prahar of Singing |
Season | No specific season but sung mostly in rainy season |
Arohana | S M G P D N Ṡ |
Avarohana | Ṡ N D P M̄ P M R S |
Pakad | The pakad of this raga is सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा |
Chalan | सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा |
Vadi | Ma |
Samavadi | Sa |
Synonym | Hameer raga |
Equivalent | Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat. |
Similar | raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga) |
Hindustani classical music |
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Concepts |
Genres |
Thaats |
Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.
Origin
[edit]The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized.
Technical description
[edit]The raga is of shaadava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using arohana and avarohana.
The raga uses only natural (shuddha) versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (tivra) versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- tivra, M- shuddh)" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (komal) version (n).
Arohana: S M, M'P D M, D N S`
Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S
Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S
The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is tivra) p d n s.
The most prominent (vadi) note is M, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S.
Samay
[edit]The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first prahar of night. Most ragas with teevra ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).
Further information
[edit]The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one swara to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different swaras often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it.
According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.
Variants
[edit]- Adambari Kedar
- Anandi Kedar
- Basanti Kedar
- Chandni Kedar
- Deepak Kedar
- Jaladhar Kedar
- Kedar Bahar
- Kedari Malhar
- Maluha Kedar
- Nat Kedar
- Shuddha Kedar
- Shyam Kedar
- Tilak Kedar
Film songs
[edit]Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
---|---|---|---|
Dharsan Do Ghan Shyam[1] | Narsi Bhagat | Shankar Rao Vyas | Hemant Kumar & Manna Dey & Sudha Malhotra & G.S.Nepali & Ravi |
Hum Ko Man Ki Shakti Dena[2] | Guddi (1971 film) | Vasant Desai | Vani Jairam & Chorus |
Main Pagal Mera Manwa Pagal | Ashiana | Madan Mohan | Talat Mahmood |
Aap Yun Hi Agar Humse Milte Rahe[3] | Ek Musafir Ek Hasina | O. P. Nayyar | Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi |
Bole To Baansuri | Sawan Ko Aane Do | Raj Kamal | K. J. Yesudas |
Bekas pe karam kijie ye | Mughal-e-Azam | Naushad | Lata Mangeshkar |
Songs listed below sound closer to Hameer Kalyani(Carnatic) which is similar to Kedar(Hindustani).
[edit]Tamil
[edit]
Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
---|---|---|---|
Sridevini | Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam | Pendyala (composer) | S. Varalakshmi |
Sadhinchanouna | Rahasyam (1967 film) | Ghantasala (musician) | Ghantasala (musician) & P. Susheela |
Nee Madhu Murali gaana leela | Bhakta Jayadeva | S. Rajeswara Rao | Ghantasala (musician) |
Lalitha Kalaradhanalo | Kalyani (1979 film) | Ramesh Naidu | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
Hindi
[edit]Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:
- Bekas pe karam kijie ye - Mughal-e-Azam (1960)- Lata Mangeshkar
- Bole to bansuri kahi - Sawan Ko Aane Do (1979)- Yesudas
- Darshan do Ghanashyam naath – Narsi Bhagat (1957) – Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey, Sudha Malhotra, Chorus
- Hum ko mann ko shakti dena - Guddi (1971) – Vani Jairam
References
[edit]- ^ Mani, Charulatha (13 September 2013). "The joy of Hamirkalyani". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ GoldMinesGaaneSuneAnsune. "HumkoManKiShaktiDena". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ SEPLvintage. "AapYunHiAgarHumseMilteRahe". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 29 April 2015.
Sources
[edit]- Chandra Kanta
- "Raag Kedar – Indian Classical Music – Tanarang.com". www.tanarang.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- "Raga Kedar – A Perspective". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
- "On the Variants of Kedar". Rajan Parrikar Music Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
External links
[edit]- Raga Kedar – A Perspective
- SRA on Samay and Ragas
- "Know your Raga : Thaat". 14 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007.
- "Sawf Archive of Articles on Classical Indian Music". 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 10 May 2007.
- "Ocean Of Ragas". oceanofragas.com.