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{{Infobox raga
{{Infobox raga
| name = Kedar
| name = Kedar
| image_name =
| image_name = Kedara Ragini.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]]
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]]
| type = Chanchal raga
| type = Chanchal raga
| time = 1st prahar of Singing
| time = 1st prahar of Singing
| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]]
| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]]
| arohana = {{svaraH|S|m|G|P|D|N|S'}}
| arohana = {{svaraH|S|m|G|P|D|N|S'}}
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{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
[[File:Kedara Ragini.jpg|thumb|Kedara Ragini]]
Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga occupies a high pedestal in [[Indian classical music]]. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the [[Svara|swaras]] सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.
Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga occupies a high pedestal in [[Indian classical music]]. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the [[Svara|swaras]] सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.


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The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n).
The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n).


[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M , D N S`
[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M, D N S`


[[Avarohana]]: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S
[[Avarohana]]: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S


[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S
[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S


The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) p d n s.
The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) p d n s.


The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is m, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S.
The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is M, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S.


== Samay ==
== Samay ==
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== Film songs ==
== Film songs ==
=== Language : [[Hindi]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
⚫
|-
|Dharsan Do Ghan Shyam<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/the-joy-of-hamirkalyani/article5124087.ece|title=The joy of Hamirkalyani|last=Mani|first=Charulatha|date=2013-09-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-11-03|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|[[Narsi Bhagat]]
|Shankar Rao Vyas
|[[Hemant Kumar]] & [[Manna Dey]] & [[Sudha Malhotra]] & G.S.Nepali & Ravi
⚫
|-
|Hum Ko Man Ki Shakti Dena<ref name=GaaneSuneUnsune>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyG6yfoyITA |title=HumkoManKiShaktiDena|author=GoldMinesGaaneSuneAnsune|website=youtube(videostreaming)|access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref>
|[[Guddi (1971 film)]]
|[[Vasant Desai]]
|[[Vani Jairam]] & Chorus
|-
|Main Pagal Mera Manwa Pagal
|[[Ashiana]]
|[[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]]
|[[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
|Aap Yun Hi Agar Humse Milte Rahe<ref name=SEPLvintage>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ez_GyVEST0 |title=AapYunHiAgarHumseMilteRahe|author=SEPLvintage|website=youtube(videostreaming)|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|[[Ek Musafir Ek Hasina]]
|[[O. P. Nayyar]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]] & [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
|Bole To Baansuri
|[[Sawan Ko Aane Do]]
|[[Raj Kamal]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Bekas pe karam kijie ye
|[[Mughal-e-Azam]]
|[[Naushad]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|}


=== Songs listed below sound closer to Hameer Kalyani(Carnatic) which is similar to Kedar(Hindustani).===


=== Tamil ===
=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho
| Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho
| [[Chandhrodhayam]]
| [[Chandhrodhayam]]
| rowspan="5" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| rowspan="3" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
⚫
|-
| Kannile Enna Undu
| [[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Vellaikkamalathiley
| Vellaikkamalathiley
| [[Gowri Kalyanam]]
| [[Gowri Kalyanam]]
| [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
| [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
⚫
|-
| Aval Oru Navarasa
| [[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]
⚫
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|-
| Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu
| Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu
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|-
|-
| Inimel Naalum
| Inimel Naalum
| Iravu Pookal
| [[Iravu Pookkal]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
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| Manasukkul
| Manasukkul
| [[Kalyana Agathigal]]
| [[Kalyana Agathigal]]
| V. S. Narasimhan
| [[V. S. Narasimhan]]
| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]]
| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
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| Pirivellam
| Pirivellam
| [[Soori (2003 film)|Soori]]
| [[Soori (2003 film)|Soori]]
| [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi]]
| [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Chinmayi]]
|}
|}



=== Language : [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
|-
|Sridevini
|[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]
|[[Pendyala (composer)]]
|[[S. Varalakshmi]]
|-
|Sadhinchanouna
|[[Rahasyam (1967 film)]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)]] & [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Nee Madhu Murali gaana leela
|[[Bhakta Jayadeva]]
|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)]]
|-
|Lalitha Kalaradhanalo
|[[Kalyani (1979 film)]]
|[[Ramesh Naidu]]
⚫
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|}
=== Hindi ===
=== Hindi ===
Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:
Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Sources==
== Sources ==
*<ref>[https://chrandrakanta.com/ Chandra Kanta]</ref>
* [https://chrandrakanta.com/ Chandra Kanta]
* {{Cite web|title=Raag Kedar - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.tanarang.com}}
* {{Cite web|title=Raag Kedar – Indian Classical Music – Tanarang.com|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.tanarang.com}}
* {{Cite web|title=Raga Kedar – A Perspective|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}
* {{Cite web|title=Raga Kedar – A Perspective|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}
* {{Cite web|title=On the Variants of Kedar|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}
* {{Cite web|title=On the Variants of Kedar|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}

Latest revision as of 08:03, 19 August 2024

Kedar
ThaatKalyan
TypeChanchal raga
Time of day1st prahar of Singing
SeasonNo specific season but sung mostly in rainy season
ArohanaS M G P D N Ṡ
AvarohanaṠ N D P M̄ P M R S
PakadThe pakad of this raga is सा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
Chalanसा म ग प मे (tivra) म रे सा
VadiMa
SamavadiSa
SynonymHameer raga
EquivalentHameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat.
Similarraga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga)
Hindustani classical music
Concepts
Genres
Thaats

Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.

Origin

[edit]

The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized.

Technical description

[edit]

The raga is of shaadava-sampurna nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using arohana and avarohana.

The raga uses only natural (shuddha) versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (tivra) versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- tivra, M- shuddh)" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (komal) version (n).

Arohana: S M, M'P D M, D N S`

Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S

Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S

The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is tivra) p d n s.

The most prominent (vadi) note is M, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S.

Samay

[edit]

The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first prahar of night. Most ragas with teevra ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).

Further information

[edit]

The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one swara to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different swaras often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it.

According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.

Variants

[edit]
  • Adambari Kedar
  • Anandi Kedar
  • Basanti Kedar
  • Chandni Kedar
  • Deepak Kedar
  • Jaladhar Kedar
  • Kedar Bahar
  • Kedari Malhar
  • Maluha Kedar
  • Nat Kedar
  • Shuddha Kedar
  • Shyam Kedar
  • Tilak Kedar

Film songs

[edit]

Language : Hindi

[edit]
Song Movie Composer Singers
Dharsan Do Ghan Shyam[1] Narsi Bhagat Shankar Rao Vyas Hemant Kumar & Manna Dey & Sudha Malhotra & G.S.Nepali & Ravi
Hum Ko Man Ki Shakti Dena[2] Guddi (1971 film) Vasant Desai Vani Jairam & Chorus
Main Pagal Mera Manwa Pagal Ashiana Madan Mohan Talat Mahmood
Aap Yun Hi Agar Humse Milte Rahe[3] Ek Musafir Ek Hasina O. P. Nayyar Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
Bole To Baansuri Sawan Ko Aane Do Raj Kamal K. J. Yesudas
Bekas pe karam kijie ye Mughal-e-Azam Naushad Lata Mangeshkar


Songs listed below sound closer to Hameer Kalyani(Carnatic) which is similar to Kedar(Hindustani).

[edit]

Tamil

[edit]
Song Movie Composer Singer
En Uyir Thozhi Karnan Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy P. Susheela
Udaluku Uyir Kaaval Manapanthal P. B. Sreenivas
Kannizhantha Enippadigal K. V. Mahadevan P. Susheela
Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho Chandhrodhayam M. S. Viswanathan T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Vellaikkamalathiley Gowri Kalyanam Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu Silambu K. S. Chitra
Netru parthatho En Kanavar S. P. Venkatesh
Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja

(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Valaji)

Madhanamaaligai M. B. Sreenivasan P. Suseela, K. J. Yesudas
Kadhal Oviyam Kavikkuyil Ilaiyaraaja Sujatha Mohan
Kaiyil Veenai Vietnam Colony Bombay Jayashree
Inimel Naalum Iravu Pookkal S. Janaki
Nila Kaikiradhu Indira A. R. Rahman Hariharan, Harini
Swasame Swasame

(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Maand)

Thenali S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam
Kanava Illai Kaatra Ratchagan Srinivas
Murali Mogha Galatta Kalyanam Haricharan, K. S. Chitra
Manasukkul Kalyana Agathigal V. S. Narasimhan Raj Sitaraman, P. Susheela
Iruvathu Vayathu Varai Kannodu Kanbathellam Deva Hariharan, S. Janaki
Pirivellam Soori Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi


Language : Telugu

[edit]
Song Movie Composer Singers
Sridevini Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam Pendyala (composer) S. Varalakshmi
Sadhinchanouna Rahasyam (1967 film) Ghantasala (musician) Ghantasala (musician) & P. Susheela
Nee Madhu Murali gaana leela Bhakta Jayadeva S. Rajeswara Rao Ghantasala (musician)
Lalitha Kalaradhanalo Kalyani (1979 film) Ramesh Naidu S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Hindi

[edit]

Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mani, Charulatha (13 September 2013). "The joy of Hamirkalyani". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  2. ^ GoldMinesGaaneSuneAnsune. "HumkoManKiShaktiDena". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  3. ^ SEPLvintage. "AapYunHiAgarHumseMilteRahe". youtube(videostreaming). Retrieved 29 April 2015.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]


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