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{{update|date=August 2018}}
{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 2018}}
{{Other hurricanes|List of storms named Jongdari|the 2018 typhoon}}
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{{Infobox hurricane
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}
⚫
| Name=Typhoon Jongdari
⚫
{{Infobox weather event
⚫
| Year=2018
⚫
| name = Typhoon Jongdari
| Basin=WPac
| Image location=Jongdari 2018-07-28 0324Z.jpg
| image = Jongdari 2018-07-28 0324Z.jpg
| Image name=Typhoon Jongdari shortly after peak intensity, while approaching [[Japan]] on July 28
| caption = Jongdari shortly after peak intensity, while approaching Japan on July 28
| Formed=July 23, 2018
| formed = July 23, 2018
| Dissipated=August 4, 2018
| dissipated = August 4, 2018
}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA
⚫
| 10-min winds=75
| 1-min winds=95
| winds = 75
| pressure = 960
| Pressure=965
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| Fatalities=None
⚫
| winds = 90
| Damagespre=>
| pressure = 950
| Damages=1469
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| Areas=[[Japan]], [[East China]]
⚫
| year = 2018
⚫
| Hurricane season=[[2018 Pacific typhoon season]]
| fatalities = None
| damages = 1462000000
| areas = Japan, East China<!--including extratropical lifetime-->
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
⚫
| season = [[2018 Pacific typhoon season]]
}}
}}
'''Typhoon Jongdari''' was a strong, long-lived and erratic [[tropical cyclone]] that impacted [[Japan]] and [[East China]] in late July and early August 2018. Formed as the twelfth named storm of the [[2018 Pacific typhoon season|2018 typhoon season]] near [[Okinotorishima]] on July 24, Jongdari gradually intensified and developed into the fourth [[typhoon]] of the year on July 26. Influenced by an [[cold-core low|upper-level low]] and a [[subtropical ridge]], Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise southeast of Japan on the next day. At that time, it also reached peak intensity. The typhoon made landfall in [[Kii Peninsula]], over [[Mie Prefecture]] of Japan locally early on July 29.
'''Typhoon Jongdari''' was a strong, long-lived and erratic [[tropical cyclone]] that impacted Japan and East China in late July and early August 2018. Formed as the twelfth named storm of the [[2018 Pacific typhoon season|2018 typhoon season]] near [[Okinotorishima]] on July 24, Jongdari gradually intensified and developed into the fourth [[typhoon]] of the year on July 26. Influenced by an [[cold-core low|upper-level low]] and a [[subtropical ridge]], Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise southeast of Japan on the next day. At that time, it also reached peak intensity. The typhoon made landfall in [[Kii Peninsula]], over [[Mie Prefecture]] of Japan locally early on July 29.


Jongdari is one of the four Pacific tropical cyclones since 1951 that approached [[Honshu]] on a westward trajectory; the others were [[1966 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Viola|Typhoon Viola]] in [[1966 Pacific typhoon season|1966]], [[1983 Pacific typhoon season#Severe Tropical Storm Ben|Tropical Storm Ben]] in [[1983 Pacific typhoon season|1983]], and [[Typhoon Lionrock (2016)|Typhoon Lionrock]] in [[2016 Pacific typhoon season|2016]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Araki |first1=Kentaro |title=Typhoon No. 12's Unusual Path |url=https://twitter.com/arakencloud/status/1022686992193089537 |website=Twitter |accessdate=29 July 2018}}</ref>
Jongdari is one of the four Pacific tropical cyclones since 1951 that approached [[Honshu]] on a westward trajectory; the others were [[1966 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Viola|Typhoon Viola]] in [[1966 Pacific typhoon season|1966]], [[1983 Pacific typhoon season#Severe Tropical Storm Ben|Tropical Storm Ben]] in [[1983 Pacific typhoon season|1983]], and [[Typhoon Lionrock (2016)|Typhoon Lionrock]] in [[2016 Pacific typhoon season|2016]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Araki |first1=Kentaro |title=Typhoon No. 12's Unusual Path |url=https://twitter.com/arakencloud/status/1022686992193089537 |website=Twitter |accessdate=July 29, 2018}}</ref>


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==
{{Storm path|Jongdari 2018 track.png}}
{{Storm path|Jongdari 2018 track.png}}
A tropical disturbance formed southeast of [[Guam]] on July 19 and tracked westward steadily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/wd20vxt/hwrf-init/decks/bwp152018.dat|title=bwp152018.dat|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> After issuing a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on July 21, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on July 22, although the location of its low-level circulation center was not clear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20180722/030000/A_WDPN35PGTW220300_C_RJTD_20180722030944_21.txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 15W (Fifteen) Warning Nr 01|date=July 22, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/7199oPab0|archive-date=July 22, 2018|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA), however, kept reporting it as a low-pressure area until it was upgraded to a tropical depression late on July 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt|title=WWJP25 RJTD 231800|date=July 23, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/7198wsnmg|archive-date=July 23, 2018|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> After the slow consolidation for several days, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm near [[Okinotorishima]] at around 18:00 on July 24 by agencies such as JMA and JTWC, with an international name ''Jongdari''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 241800|date=July 24, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71B8lHgeM|archive-date=July 24, 2017|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 12|date=July 24, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71B7rKE7u|archive-date=July 24, 2018|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> A [[microwave]] imagery revealed a low-level forming eyewall next day, indicating a consolidating system. After JMA upgraded Jongdari to a severe tropical storm at noon,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 251200|date=July 25, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71B8aVUiN|archive-date=July 25, 2017|access-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> the system accelerated northeastward under the influence of a near-equatorial ridge to the south.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 15|date=July 25, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71B7pwxDJ|archive-date=July 25, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref>
A tropical disturbance formed southeast of [[Guam]] on July 19 and tracked westward steadily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/wd20vxt/hwrf-init/decks/bwp152018.dat|title=bwp152018.dat|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> After issuing a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on July 21, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on July 22, although the location of its low-level circulation center was not clear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20180722/030000/A_WDPN35PGTW220300_C_RJTD_20180722030944_21.txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 15W (Fifteen) Warning Nr 01|date=July 22, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072050/https://www.webcitation.org/7199oPab0?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807220300.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA), however, kept reporting it as a low-pressure area until it was upgraded to a tropical depression late on July 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt|title=WWJP25 RJTD 231800|date=July 23, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072010/https://www.webcitation.org/7198wsnmg?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WWJP25-RJTD_201807231800.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After the slow consolidation for several days, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm near [[Okinotorishima]] at around 18:00 on July 24 by agencies such as JMA and JTWC, with an international name ''Jongdari''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 241800|date=July 24, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072331/https://www.webcitation.org/71B8lHgeM?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201807241800.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 12|date=July 24, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072213/https://www.webcitation.org/71B7rKE7u?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807242100.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[microwave]] imagery revealed a low-level forming eyewall next day, indicating a consolidating system. After JMA upgraded Jongdari to a severe tropical storm at noon,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 251200|date=July 25, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072251/https://www.webcitation.org/71B8aVUiN?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201807251200.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> the system accelerated northeastward under the influence of a near-equatorial ridge to the south.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 15|date=July 25, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072131/https://www.webcitation.org/71B7pwxDJ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807251500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


On July 26, as Jongdari started to interact with an upper-level [[cold-core low]] to the north which significantly enhanced poleward [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 19|date=July 26, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71DlA9HrD|archive-date=July 26, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref> it intensified to a [[typhoon]] in the afternoon despite increasingly unfavorable vertical [[wind shear]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 261200|date=July 26, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71Dk7NnSB|archive-date=July 26, 2017|access-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> Over the warm [[sea surface temperature]]s between {{convert|29|to|30|C|F}} near the [[Ogasawara Islands]], JMA reported that Jongdari had reached peak intensity at 00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on July 27, with ten-minute [[maximum sustained winds]] of 140&nbsp;km/h (85&nbsp;mph), and a minimum central pressure of 965&nbsp;hPa (28.50&nbsp;inHg).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 270000|date=July 27, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71Dk5qppU|archive-date=July 27, 2017|access-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> Although JTWC indicated Jongdari reached peak intensity at 12:00 UTC with one-minute maximum sustained winds of 175&nbsp;km/h (110&nbsp;mph), the rugged [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] of Jongdari kept periodically visible with an elongated structure due to the further interaction of the upper-level low which had moved to the northwest side of the typhoon. As the steering influence transitioned to a [[subtropical ridge]] to the northeast, Jongdari executed a counter-clockwise turn to the southeast of [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 23|date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71FHEn6Pf|archive-date=July 27, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref>
On July 26, as Jongdari started to interact with an upper-level [[cold-core low]] to the north which significantly enhanced poleward [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 19|date=July 26, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072536/https://www.webcitation.org/71DlA9HrD?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807261500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> it intensified to a [[typhoon]] in the afternoon despite increasingly unfavorable vertical [[wind shear]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 261200|date=July 26, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072452/https://www.webcitation.org/71Dk7NnSB?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201807261200.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the warm [[sea surface temperature]]s between {{convert|29|and|30|C|F}} near the [[Ogasawara Islands]], JMA reported that Jongdari had reached peak intensity at 00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on July 27, with ten-minute [[maximum sustained winds]] of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, and a minimum central pressure of {{convert|965|hPa|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 270000|date=July 27, 2017|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072413/https://www.webcitation.org/71Dk5qppU?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201807270000.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Although JTWC indicated Jongdari reached peak intensity at 12:00 UTC with one-minute maximum sustained winds of {{convert|175|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, the rugged [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] of Jongdari kept periodically visible with an elongated structure due to the further interaction of the upper-level low which had moved to the northwest side of the typhoon. As the steering influence transitioned to a [[subtropical ridge]] to the northeast, Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise turn to the southeast of [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 23|date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072612/https://www.webcitation.org/71FHEn6Pf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807271500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


Jongdari began to be inundated by [[subsidence (atmosphere)|subsidence]] on July 28, as the [[Fujiwhara effect]] had made the upper-level low move to the west of the typhoon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 25|date=July 28, 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/71FHLbwbt|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref> It also initiated a weakening trend while accelerating northwestward and then westward toward the Japanese island of [[Honshu]]. At around 01:00 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] on July 29 (16:00 UTC July 28), Typhoon Jongdari made [[landfall]] over [[Ise, Mie|Ise]], [[Mie Prefecture]] with ten-minute maximum sustained winds at 120 km/h (75 mph) and the central pressure at 975 hPa (28.79 inHg).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180728160345.html|title=平成３０年　台風第１２号に関する情報　第７３号|date=July 28, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=Japanese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728161214/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180728160345.html|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/typh/181224.html|title=台風第12号 (ジョンダリ) 平成30年07月29日01時50分 発表|date=July 28, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=Japanese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728170942/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/typh/181224.html|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref> The storm weakened rapidly inland and made its second landfall over [[Buzen, Fukuoka|Buzen]], [[Fukuoka Prefecture]], at around 17:30 JST (08:30 UTC), with ten-minute sustained winds of 75&nbsp;km/h (45&nbsp;mph) and a central pressure of 992&nbsp;hPa (29.29&nbsp;inHg).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180729083814.html|title=平成３０年　台風第１２号に関する情報　第９４号|date=July 29, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=Japanese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729133959/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180729083814.html|archive-date=July 29, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref> At around 10:30 [[Time in China|CST]] (02:30 UTC) on August 3, Tropical Storm Jongdari made landfall over [[Jinshan District]], [[Shanghai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|title=中央气象台03日10时30分发布台风登陆消息|date=August 3, 2018|publisher=[[National Meteorological Center of CMA]]|language=Chinese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803023837/http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|archive-date=August 3, 2018|access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref> Jongdari rapidly weakened after landfall, dissipating on the next day.
Jongdari began to be inundated by [[subsidence (atmosphere)|subsidence]] on July 28, as the [[Fujiwhara effect]] had made the upper-level low move to the west of the typhoon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn35.pgtw..txt|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 25|date=July 28, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523072653/https://www.webcitation.org/71FHLbwbt?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN35-PGTW_201807280300.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|access-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It also initiated a weakening trend while accelerating northwestward and then westward toward the Japanese island of [[Honshu]]. At around 01:00 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] on July 29 (16:00 UTC July 28), Typhoon Jongdari made [[landfall]] over [[Ise, Mie|Ise]], [[Mie Prefecture]] with ten-minute maximum sustained winds at {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and the central pressure at {{convert|975|hPa|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180728160345.html|title=平成３０年 台風第１２号に関する情報 第７３号|date=July 28, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728161214/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180728160345.html|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/typh/181224.html|title=台風第12号 (ジョンダリ) 平成30年07月29日01時50分 発表|date=July 28, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728170942/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/typh/181224.html|archive-date=July 28, 2018|access-date=July 28, 2018}}</ref> The storm weakened rapidly inland and made its second landfall over [[Buzen, Fukuoka|Buzen]], [[Fukuoka Prefecture]], at around 17:30 JST (08:30 UTC), with ten-minute sustained winds of {{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and a central pressure of {{convert|992|hPa|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180729083814.html|title=平成３０年 台風第１２号に関する情報 第９４号|date=July 29, 2018|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729133959/https://www.jma.go.jp/jp/kishojoho/000_00_662_20180729083814.html|archive-date=July 29, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref> At around 10:30 [[Time in China|CST]] (02:30 UTC) on August 3, Tropical Storm Jongdari made landfall over [[Jinshan District]], [[Shanghai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|title=中央气象台03日10时30分发布台风登陆消息|date=August 3, 2018|publisher=[[National Meteorological Center of CMA]]|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803023837/http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|archive-date=August 3, 2018|access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref> Jongdari rapidly weakened after landfall, dissipating on the next day.


==Impact==
==Impact==
===Japan===
===Japan===
24 people were injured when the typhoon hit Japan. [[JR-West]] train services were delayed or cancelled due to the storm. Although Jongdari didn't directly hit [[Hokuriku region]], it did bring [[föhn wind]] to the area because it is located at the [[leeward]] slope of the [[Japanese Alps]]. [[Niigata prefecture]] recorded temperatures close to {{convert|40|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2018/07/typhoon-jongdari-takes-unusual-path-japan-180730105828410.html|title=Typhoon Jongdari takes an unusual path across Japan|publisher=Aljazeera|date=July 30, 2018|accessdate=July 31, 2018}}</ref> Agricultural damage in [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] and [[Aichi Prefecture]] were about [[Japanese yen|JP¥]]1.59 billion (US$14.3 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180810/ddl/k23/040/187000c|title=台風12号：県農林水産被害 総額10億3543万円 ／愛知|language=Japanese|publisher=Mainichi Shimbun|date=August 10, 2018|accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/nousui/press/2018/300910higai_press3.html|title=台風12号の影響による農林水産業への被害について(第3報兼最終報）|language=Japanese|publisher=Chiba Local Government|date=September 10, 2018|accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> Preliminary industry loss were estimated betweeen US$1.4–2 billion.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/pwp/am/downloads/marketing/news_typhoon.pdf|title=News Typhoon Jongdari, July 2018 Typhoon Jongdari|format=pdf|publisher=Credit Suisse|date=August 2, 2018|accessdate=October 12, 2018}}</ref>
24 people were injured when the typhoon hit Japan. [[JR-West]] train services were delayed or cancelled due to the storm. Although Jongdari didn't directly hit [[Hokuriku region]], it did bring [[föhn wind]] to the area because it is located at the [[leeward]] slope of the [[Japanese Alps]]. [[Niigata prefecture]] recorded temperatures close to {{convert|40|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2018/07/typhoon-jongdari-takes-unusual-path-japan-180730105828410.html|title=Typhoon Jongdari takes an unusual path across Japan|publisher=Aljazeera|date=July 30, 2018|accessdate=July 31, 2018}}</ref> Agricultural damage in [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] and [[Aichi Prefecture]] were about [[Japanese yen|JP¥]]1.59 billion (US$14.3 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180810/ddl/k23/040/187000c|title=台風12号：県農林水産被害 総額10億3543万円 ／愛知|language=ja|publisher=Mainichi Shimbun|date=August 10, 2018|accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/nousui/press/2018/300910higai_press3.html|title=台風12号の影響による農林水産業への被害について(第3報兼最終報）|language=ja|publisher=Chiba Local Government|date=September 10, 2018|accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> Preliminary industry loss were estimated between US$1.4 and 2 billion.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/pwp/am/downloads/marketing/news_typhoon.pdf|title=News Typhoon Jongdari, July 2018 Typhoon Jongdari|publisher=Credit Suisse|date=August 2, 2018|accessdate=October 12, 2018}}</ref>


===China===
===China===
Total damages from Jongdari were about [[Renminbi|CN¥]]420 million (US$61.5 million).<ref>{{cite conference|pages=1–2|conference=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee|title=Member Report: China|author=CMA|publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee|url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/13IWS/docs/Members%20REport/CHina/Member_report_China_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204010101/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/13IWS/docs/Members%20REport/CHina/Member_report_China_2018.pdf|date=December 4, 2018|access-date=December 4, 2018|conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/13IWS/index13IWS.html|archive-date=December 4, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Agricultural loss from Jongdari were about [[Renminbi|CN¥]]370 million (US$54.2 million).<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.jianzai.gov.cn/zxzq/935.jhtml|title=台风“云雀”致沪苏浙损失3亿余元|publisher=China National Commission for Disaster Reduction|date=August 6, 2018|accessdate=August 7, 2018}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[2018 Japan heat wave]]
*[[Weather of 2018]]
*[[Typhoon Lionrock (2016)]]
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2018]]
*[[Typhoon Damrey (2012)]]
⚫
*[[Hurricane Sandy]] (2012) – An Atlantic hurricane in 2012 which executed a similar turn into the Northeastern U.S.
*[[Typhoon Noru (2017)]]
*[[Typhoon Noru (2017)]]
*[[2018 Japan heat wave]]
⚫
*[[Hurricane Sandy]] – An Atlantic hurricane in 2012 which executed a similar turn into the Northeastern U.S.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Typhoons in Japan]]
[[Category:Typhoons in Japan]]
[[Category:Typhoons in China]]
[[Category:Typhoons in China]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2018|Jongdari]]

Latest revision as of 11:38, 19 August 2024

This article is about the 2018 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Jongdari.

Typhoon Jongdari
Jongdari shortly after peak intensity, while approaching Japan on July 28
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 23, 2018
DissipatedAugust 4, 2018
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure960 hPa (mbar); 28.35 inHg
Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar); 28.05 inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone
Damage$1.46 billion (2018 USD)
Areas affectedJapan, East China
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Jongdari was a strong, long-lived and erratic tropical cyclone that impacted Japan and East China in late July and early August 2018. Formed as the twelfth named storm of the 2018 typhoon season near Okinotorishima on July 24, Jongdari gradually intensified and developed into the fourth typhoon of the year on July 26. Influenced by an upper-level low and a subtropical ridge, Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise southeast of Japan on the next day. At that time, it also reached peak intensity. The typhoon made landfall in Kii Peninsula, over Mie Prefecture of Japan locally early on July 29.

Jongdari is one of the four Pacific tropical cyclones since 1951 that approached Honshu on a westward trajectory; the others were Typhoon Viola in 1966, Tropical Storm Ben in 1983, and Typhoon Lionrock in 2016.[1]

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical disturbance formed southeast of Guam on July 19 and tracked westward steadily.[2] After issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on July 21, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on July 22, although the location of its low-level circulation center was not clear.[3] The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), however, kept reporting it as a low-pressure area until it was upgraded to a tropical depression late on July 23.[4] After the slow consolidation for several days, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm near Okinotorishima at around 18:00 on July 24 by agencies such as JMA and JTWC, with an international name Jongdari.[5][6] A microwave imagery revealed a low-level forming eyewall next day, indicating a consolidating system. After JMA upgraded Jongdari to a severe tropical storm at noon,[7] the system accelerated northeastward under the influence of a near-equatorial ridge to the south.[8]

On July 26, as Jongdari started to interact with an upper-level cold-core low to the north which significantly enhanced poleward outflow,[9] it intensified to a typhoon in the afternoon despite increasingly unfavorable vertical wind shear.[10] Over the warm sea surface temperatures between 29 and 30 °C (84 and 86 °F) near the Ogasawara Islands, JMA reported that Jongdari had reached peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on July 27, with ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (87 mph), and a minimum central pressure of 965 hPa (28.5 inHg).[11] Although JTWC indicated Jongdari reached peak intensity at 12:00 UTC with one-minute maximum sustained winds of 175 km/h (109 mph), the rugged eye of Jongdari kept periodically visible with an elongated structure due to the further interaction of the upper-level low which had moved to the northwest side of the typhoon. As the steering influence transitioned to a subtropical ridge to the northeast, Jongdari executed a rare counter-clockwise turn to the southeast of Japan.[12]

Jongdari began to be inundated by subsidence on July 28, as the Fujiwhara effect had made the upper-level low move to the west of the typhoon.[13] It also initiated a weakening trend while accelerating northwestward and then westward toward the Japanese island of Honshu. At around 01:00 JST on July 29 (16:00 UTC July 28), Typhoon Jongdari made landfall over Ise, Mie Prefecture with ten-minute maximum sustained winds at 120 km/h (75 mph) and the central pressure at 975 hPa (28.8 inHg).[14][15] The storm weakened rapidly inland and made its second landfall over Buzen, Fukuoka Prefecture, at around 17:30 JST (08:30 UTC), with ten-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (47 mph) and a central pressure of 992 hPa (29.3 inHg).[16] At around 10:30 CST (02:30 UTC) on August 3, Tropical Storm Jongdari made landfall over Jinshan District, Shanghai.[17] Jongdari rapidly weakened after landfall, dissipating on the next day.

Impact

[edit]

Japan

[edit]

24 people were injured when the typhoon hit Japan. JR-West train services were delayed or cancelled due to the storm. Although Jongdari didn't directly hit Hokuriku region, it did bring föhn wind to the area because it is located at the leeward slope of the Japanese Alps. Niigata prefecture recorded temperatures close to 40 °C (104 °F).[18] Agricultural damage in Chiba and Aichi Prefecture were about JP¥1.59 billion (US$14.3 million).[19][20] Preliminary industry loss were estimated between US$1.4 and 2 billion.[21]

China

[edit]

Total damages from Jongdari were about CN¥420 million (US$61.5 million).[22]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Araki, Kentaro. "Typhoon No. 12's Unusual Path". Twitter. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  2. ^ "bwp152018.dat". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  3. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 15W (Fifteen) Warning Nr 01". July 22, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  4. ^ "WWJP25 RJTD 231800". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 23, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  5. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 241800". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 24, 2017. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  6. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 12". July 24, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  7. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 251200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 25, 2017. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  8. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 15". July 25, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  9. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 19". July 26, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  10. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 261200". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 26, 2017. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  11. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 270000". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  12. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 23". July 27, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  13. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 15W (Jongdari) Warning Nr 25". July 28, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  14. ^ "平成３０年 台風第１２号に関する情報 第７３号" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. July 28, 2018. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  15. ^ "台風第12号 (ジョンダリ) 平成30年07月29日01時50分 発表" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. July 28, 2018. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  16. ^ "平成３０年 台風第１２号に関する情報 第９４号" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. July 29, 2018. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  17. ^ "中央气象台03日10时30分发布台风登陆消息" (in Chinese). National Meteorological Center of CMA. August 3, 2018. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
  18. ^ "Typhoon Jongdari takes an unusual path across Japan". Aljazeera. July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  19. ^ "台風12号：県農林水産被害 総額10億3543万円 ／愛知" (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. August 10, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  20. ^ "台風12号の影響による農林水産業への被害について(第3報兼最終報）" (in Japanese). Chiba Local Government. September 10, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  21. ^ News Typhoon Jongdari, July 2018 Typhoon Jongdari (PDF) (Report). Credit Suisse. August 2, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  22. ^ CMA (December 4, 2018). Member Report: China (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
[edit]
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