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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific-prefix = Sira Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sunan
| honorific-prefix = Kangjeng Susuhunan
| name = Kalijaga
| name = Kalijaga
| image = Sunan Kalijaga.JPG
| image =
| image size = 260px
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Raden Mas Said
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth year|1450}}{{clarify|reason=lead says 1460|date=November 2021}}
| birth_name = Raden Mas Said
⚫
| birth_place = [[Tuban]], [[Majapahit]]
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth year|1450}}{{clarify|reason=lead says 1460|date=November 2021}}
| death_date = {{death year and age|1513|1450}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Tuban]], [[Majapahit]]
| death_date = {{dya|1513|1450}}
| death_place = Kadilangu, [[Demak Sultanate|Demak]]
⚫
| nationality =
| death_place = Kadilangu, [[Demak Sultanate|Demak]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| era = [[Majapahit]], [[Demak Sultanate]], [[Kingdom of Pajang]], [[Mataram Sultanate]], [[Cirebon Sultanate]], [[Banten Sultanate]]
| other_names =
| era = [[Majapahit]], [[Demak Sultanate]], [[Kingdom of Pajang]], [[Mataram Sultanate]], [[Cirebon Sultanate]], [[Banten Sultanate]]
| employer = [[Sultanate of Demak]]
| employer = [[Sultanate of Demak]]
| organization = [[Walisongo]]
| title = Kangjeng Susuhunan Kalijaga
| organization = [[Walisongo]]
| title = Kanjeng Sunan Kalijaga
| boards =
| boards =
| father = Tumenggung Wilatikta
| father = Tumenggung Wilwatikta
| mother =
| mother = Dewi Nawangarum
| family =
| family =
| callsign =
⚫
| callsign =
}}
}}


'''Sunan Kalijaga''' (1460-1513), born as '''Raden Mas Said''' son of a [[Duke]] of [[Tuban]] in [[East Java]], Indonesia, was one of the "nine saints" of [[Javanese people|Javanese]] Islam ([[Wali Sanga]]).<ref>{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | year =1991 | location =London | isbn = 0-333-57689-6 | page =10.}}</ref> the "Kalijaga" title was derived from an orchard known as "Kalijaga" in [[Cirebon]]. Other accounts suggest the name derives from his hobby of submerging himself in ''Kali'' ("river" in [[Javanese language|Javanese]]). Others note that the name Kalijaga derived its nature from the Arabic notion of ''qadli dzaqa'' which means "holy leader" in the [[sultanate]].
'''Sunan Kalijaga''' (born '''Raden Mas Said'''; 1450–1513) was one of the "nine saints" of [[Javanese people|Javanese]] Islam ([[Wali Sanga]]).<ref>{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | year =1991 | location =London | isbn = 0-333-57689-6 | page =10}}</ref> The "Kalijaga" title was derived from an orchard known as "Kalijaga" in [[Cirebon]]. Other accounts suggest that the name derives from his hobby of submerging himself in ''Kali'' ("river" in [[Javanese language|Javanese]]). Others note that the name Kalijaga derived its nature from the Arabic notion of ''qadli dzaqa'' which means "holy leader" in the [[sultanate]].


==Names==
==Names==
Sunan Kalijaga was known by the following names and titles:<ref>Sunyoto (2014:214)</ref>
Sunan Kalijaga was known by the following names and titles:<ref>Sunyoto (2014:214)</ref>
*Raden
*Raden Said
*Lokajaya
*Lokajaya
*Syaikh Melaya
*Syaikh Melaya
Line 43: Line 42:
*Ki Dalang Kumendung
*Ki Dalang Kumendung
*Ki Unehan
*Ki Unehan
*Pangeran (prince) Santi Kusuma


==Life==
==Life==
Sunan Kalijaga was a close friend of [[Sunan Gunungjati]], and is said to have lived to the age of one hundred. He witnessed the downfall of [[Majapahit]], the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Demak|Demak]], [[Sultanate of Cirebon|Cirebon]], [[Sultanate of Banten|Banten]], and [[Kingdom of Pajang|Pajang]] in 1546.{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}}
Sunan Kalijaga was a close friend of [[Sunan Gunungjati]] and is said to have lived to the age of 100. He witnessed the downfall of [[Majapahit]], the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Demak|Demak]], [[Sultanate of Cirebon|Cirebon]], [[Sultanate of Banten|Banten]], and [[Kingdom of Pajang|Pajang]] in 1546.{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}}


Among his missionary activities (''[[dawah]]''), he built two [[mosque]]s, [[Masjid Agung Cirebon]] and [[Masjid Agung Demak]]. His main mentor was [[Sunan Bonang]], another of the ''Wali Sanga''. Kalijaga's beliefs and teaching are more [[sufis]]tic than [[salaf]], applying arts and culture as medium for his ''dawah''. He was also tolerant to local tradition. His [[exegesis]] from the Quranic perspective led him to believe that people will keep away from ''dakwah'' if their personality is questioned. In this premise one should consider a step by step approach to his people by the principle of following yet influencing. To him, if Islam is truly or fully understood, then people will gradually give up their old habits.
Among his missionary activities (''[[dawah]]''), he built two [[mosque]]s, [[Masjid Agung Cirebon]] and [[Masjid Agung Demak]]. His main mentor was [[Sunan Bonang]], another of the ''Wali Sanga''. Kalijaga's beliefs and teaching are more [[sufis]]tic than [[salaf]], applying arts and culture as a medium for his ''dawah''. He was also tolerant of local tradition. His [[exegesis]] from the Quranic perspective led him to believe that people will keep away from ''dakwah'' if their personality is questioned. In this premise, one should consider a step-by-step approach to his people by the principle of following yet influencing. To him, if Islam was truly or fully understood, then people would gradually give up their old habits that contravened Islamic teachings.


This method can be seen in Indonesian artworks, particularly in carvings, shadow puppets ([[wayang kulit]]), [[gamelan]] (javanese traditional musical performance), and singing. From this idea he popularized ''Baju Takwa'' (a traditional dress custom for Indonesian Moslem), [[Sekaten]] (a festivity), and [[Grebeg Maulid]], amongst others.
This method can be seen in Indonesian artworks, particularly in carvings, shadow puppets ([[wayang kulit]]), [[gamelan]] (Javanese traditional musical performance), and singing. From this idea, he popularized ''Baju Takwa'' (a traditional dress custom for Indonesian Moslem), [[Sekaten]] (a festivity), and [[Grebeg Maulud]], amongst others.


Sunan Kalijaga was buried in [[Kadilangu]] southeast of [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]].
Sunan Kalijaga was buried in [[Kadilangu]] southeast of [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]].


==''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ("History of the land of Java")==
==''Babad Tanah Jawi''==
In the ''[[Babad Tanah Jawi]]'', a chronicle of large [[Javanese language|Javanese]] manuscripts, there are no formal signs of Sunan Kalijaga's conversion to Islam so it is not clear if Kalijaga is already Muslim at the time of his "conversion". In this legend, he is said to be the son of Tumenggung Wilatikta, and in the service of the [[Majapahit]] empire, and Kalijaga whose religion is unspecified but has the Arabic name "Said". Following gambling losses, Said resorts to highway robbery on the north coast of Java. [[Sunan Bonang]] one day passes and is pulled up by Said. Sunan Bonang suggests it would be better for Said to rob a person who will later pass dressed in blue with a red hibiscus behind his ear. Three days later, this person passes, and is Bonang in disguise. Said attacks, but Bonang turns himself into four persons, traumatising Said such that he becomes an ascetic. He takes the name "Kalijaga", becomes a [[wali]] and marries the sister of [[Sunan Giri]].<ref>Ricklefs (1991), p. 10.</ref>
In the ''[[Babad Tanah Jawi]]'', a chronicle of large [[Javanese language|Javanese]] manuscripts, there are no formal signs of Sunan Kalijaga's conversion to Islam so it is not clear if Kalijaga was already Muslim at the time of his "conversion". In this legend, he is said to be the son of Tumenggung Wilatikta, and in the service of the [[Majapahit]] empire, and Kalijaga whose religion is unspecified but has the Arabic name "Said". Following gambling losses, Said resorts to highway robbery on the north coast of Java. [[Sunan Bonang]] one day passes and is pulled up by Said. Sunan Bonang suggests it would be better for Said to rob a person who will later pass dressed in blue with a red hibiscus behind his ear. Three days later, this person passes and is Bonang in disguise. Said attacks, but Bonang turns himself into four persons, traumatising Said such that he becomes an ascetic. He takes the name "Kalijaga", becomes a [[wali]], and marries the sister of [[Sunan Giri]].<ref>Ricklefs (1991), p. 10.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/Sunan-Kalijaga/104019206720/ Sunan Kalijaga Facebook Fans Page]
*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/Sunan-Kalijaga/104019206720/ Sunan Kalijaga Facebook Fans Page]
{{Islam in Indonesia}}
{{Islam in Indonesia}}

[[Category:Wali Sanga]]
[[Category:Wali Sanga]]
[[Category:1450 births]]
[[Category:1513 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 02:04, 20 August 2024

Kangjeng Susuhunan
Kalijaga
Born
Raden Mas Said

1450 (1450)[clarification needed]
Tuban, Majapahit
Died1513 (aged 62–63)
Kadilangu, Demak
EraMajapahit, Demak Sultanate, Kingdom of Pajang, Mataram Sultanate, Cirebon Sultanate, Banten Sultanate
EmployerSultanate of Demak
OrganizationWalisongo
TitleKangjeng Susuhunan Kalijaga
FatherTumenggung Wilatikta

Sunan Kalijaga (born Raden Mas Said; 1450–1513) was one of the "nine saints" of Javanese Islam (Wali Sanga).[1] The "Kalijaga" title was derived from an orchard known as "Kalijaga" in Cirebon. Other accounts suggest that the name derives from his hobby of submerging himself in Kali ("river" in Javanese). Others note that the name Kalijaga derived its nature from the Arabic notion of qadli dzaqa which means "holy leader" in the sultanate.

Names

[edit]

Sunan Kalijaga was known by the following names and titles:[2]

  • Raden Said
  • Lokajaya
  • Syaikh Melaya
  • Raden Abdurrahman
  • Pangeran (prince) Tuban
  • Ki Dalang Sida Brangti
  • Ki Dalang Bengkok
  • Ki Dalang Kumendung
  • Ki Unehan
  • Pangeran (prince) Santi Kusuma

Life

[edit]

Sunan Kalijaga was a close friend of Sunan Gunungjati and is said to have lived to the age of 100. He witnessed the downfall of Majapahit, the kingdoms of Demak, Cirebon, Banten, and Pajang in 1546.[citation needed]

Among his missionary activities (dawah), he built two mosques, Masjid Agung Cirebon and Masjid Agung Demak. His main mentor was Sunan Bonang, another of the Wali Sanga. Kalijaga's beliefs and teaching are more sufistic than salaf, applying arts and culture as a medium for his dawah. He was also tolerant of local tradition. His exegesis from the Quranic perspective led him to believe that people will keep away from dakwah if their personality is questioned. In this premise, one should consider a step-by-step approach to his people by the principle of following yet influencing. To him, if Islam was truly or fully understood, then people would gradually give up their old habits that contravened Islamic teachings.

This method can be seen in Indonesian artworks, particularly in carvings, shadow puppets (wayang kulit), gamelan (Javanese traditional musical performance), and singing. From this idea, he popularized Baju Takwa (a traditional dress custom for Indonesian Moslem), Sekaten (a festivity), and Grebeg Maulud, amongst others.

Sunan Kalijaga was buried in Kadilangu southeast of Demak.

Babad Tanah Jawi

[edit]

In the Babad Tanah Jawi, a chronicle of large Javanese manuscripts, there are no formal signs of Sunan Kalijaga's conversion to Islam so it is not clear if Kalijaga was already Muslim at the time of his "conversion". In this legend, he is said to be the son of Tumenggung Wilatikta, and in the service of the Majapahit empire, and Kalijaga whose religion is unspecified but has the Arabic name "Said". Following gambling losses, Said resorts to highway robbery on the north coast of Java. Sunan Bonang one day passes and is pulled up by Said. Sunan Bonang suggests it would be better for Said to rob a person who will later pass dressed in blue with a red hibiscus behind his ear. Three days later, this person passes and is Bonang in disguise. Said attacks, but Bonang turns himself into four persons, traumatising Said such that he becomes an ascetic. He takes the name "Kalijaga", becomes a wali, and marries the sister of Sunan Giri.[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan. p. 10. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
  2. ^ Sunyoto (2014:214)
  3. ^ Ricklefs (1991), p. 10.
  • Sunyoto, Agus (2014). Atlas Wali Songo: Buku Pertama yang Mengungkap Wali Songo Sebagai Fakta Sejarah. 6th edition. Depok: Pustaka IIMaN. ISBN 978-602-8648-09-7
[edit]
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