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|designer=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
|designer=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
|manufacturer=[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
|manufacturer=[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
|unit_cost= {{INRConvert|25|c}} to {{INRConvert|35|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp | title = Technical tune to Agni test before talks | access-date =13 December 2007 | work = The Telegraph| location=Calcutta, India | date=30 August 2004| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211004418/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp| archive-date= 11 December 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|unit_cost= {{INRConvert|25|c}} to {{INRConvert|35|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp | title = Technical tune to Agni test before talks | access-date =13 December 2007 | work = The Telegraph| location=Calcutta, India | date=30 August 2004| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211004418/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp| archive-date= 11 December 2007 | url-status= dead}}</ref>
|guidance= '''Mid-course:''' [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system]]. Optionally augmented by [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]] <br />'''Terminal:''' Radar scene correlation. Upgraded to [[active radar homing]].
|guidance= '''Mid-course:''' [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system]]. Optionally augmented by [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]] <br />'''Terminal:''' Radar scene correlation. Upgraded to [[active radar homing]].
|detonation=
|detonation=
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}}
}}


'''Agni-II''' ([[IAST]]: [[Agni|Agnī]], {{lit|Fire}}), is the second strategic ballistic missile of [[Agni (missile)]] family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic [[nuclear deterrence]]. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-[[carbon composite]] material that is light and able to sustain high [[thermal stress]]es of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as [[Agni-IV]] plugging the gap between Agni-II and [[Agni-III]]. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success<ref>{{cite web|author=T.S. Subramanian |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2629274.ece |title=Missile success |work=The Hindu|date=2011-11-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431917.ece | location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu | title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully | date=17 May 2010 | first=Y. | last=Mallikarjun}}</ref>
'''Agni-II''' ([[IAST]]: [[Agni]], {{lit|Fire}}), is the second strategic ballistic missile of the [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic [[nuclear deterrence]]. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-[[carbon composite]] material that is light and able to sustain high [[thermal stress]]es of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as [[Agni-IV]] plugging the gap between Agni-II and [[Agni-III]]. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success<ref>{{cite web|author=T.S. Subramanian |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2629274.ece |title=Missile success |work=The Hindu|date=2011-11-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431917.ece | location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu | title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully | date=17 May 2010 | first=Y. | last=Mallikarjun}}</ref>
[[File:Agni missile range.svg|thumb|right|250px|Agni missile range comparison.]]
[[File:Agni missile range.svg|thumb|right|250px|Agni missile range comparison.]]


On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a special strategic command force (SSC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.<ref>{{cite web|author=Super Admin |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |title=Agni-II test fired successful |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> [[US Air Force]] [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,<ref>http://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> operated by the 335 Missile Group at Secunderabad using 12 TEL vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 |publisher=Missilethreat.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>
On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.<ref>{{cite web |author=Super Admin |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |title=Agni-II test fired successful |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170540/http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[US Air Force]] [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,<ref>[http://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats] </ref> operated by the [[335 Missile Group]] of [[Regiment of Artillery (India)#Units|Regiment of Artillery]] at [[Secunderabad]] using 12 [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]] vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 |publisher=Missilethreat.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>


Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325133346/http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems |archive-date=25 March 2016 |title=India {{!}} Countries {{!}} NTI}}</ref>
Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325133346/http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems |archive-date=25 March 2016 |title=India {{!}} Countries {{!}} NTI}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Nuclear technology}}
{{Portal|India|Rocketry|Nuclear technology}}
{{Aircontent
{{Aircontent
|see also=
|see also=

Latest revision as of 05:25, 21 August 2024

Agni-II
An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the Republic Day Parade 2004.
TypeMedium Range Ballistic Missile
Place of originIndia
Service history
In serviceActive[1]
Used byStrategic Forces Command
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
Unit cost₹25 crore (US$2.9 million) to ₹35 crore (US$4.1 million)[2]
No. built12 (2017 est.)[3]
Specifications
Mass16,000 kg (35,000 lb)
Length21 m[4]
Diameter1.3 m
WarheadConventional high explosive-unitary, penetration, sub-munitions, incendiary, thermobaric, strategic nuclear weapon
Warhead weight1,000 kg (2,200 lb)[5]
EngineMulti-stage solid rocket
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
2,000–3,500 km[6][5]
Flight ceiling405 km[7]
Flight altitude230 km[4]
Maximum speed 3.5 km/s (14,040 km/h)[8]
Guidance
system
Mid-course: Ring laser gyro inertial navigation system. Optionally augmented by GPS/NavIC satellite guidance
Terminal: Radar scene correlation. Upgraded to active radar homing.
Accuracy30–40 m CEP[5][9]
Launch
platform
Ashok Leyland/Tata transporter erector launcher

Agni-II (IAST: Agni, lit. 'Fire'), is the second strategic ballistic missile of the Agni family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic nuclear deterrence. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-carbon composite material that is light and able to sustain high thermal stresses of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as Agni-IV plugging the gap between Agni-II and Agni-III. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success[10] Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.[11]

Agni missile range comparison.

On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a Strategic Forces Command (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.[12] US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,[13] operated by the 335 Missile Group of Regiment of Artillery at Secunderabad using 12 TEL vehicles.[14]

Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.[15]

See also

[edit]

Related development

Related lists

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Press Trust, of India. "India Test Fires Medium Range Nuclear Capable Agni-II Missile". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  2. ^ "Technical tune to Agni test before talks". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 30 August 2004. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  3. ^ The Military Balance 2017. 14 February 2017. ISBN 9781857439007.
  4. ^ a b Mallikarjun, Y. (18 May 2010). "Agni-II missile test-fired successfully". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b c "Design Characteristics of India's Ballistic and Cruise Missiles" (PDF). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  6. ^ "Missile Detail". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  7. ^ "Agni II". Bharat Rakshak – Missiles Section. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  8. ^ Vishwakarma, Arun (1 July 2007). "Indian Long Range Strategic Missiles" (PDF). Lancer Publishers and Distributors. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  9. ^ "Agni-II | Missile Threat".
  10. ^ T.S. Subramanian (15 November 2011). "Missile success". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  11. ^ Mallikarjun, Y. (17 May 2010). "Agni-II missile test-fired successfully". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  12. ^ Super Admin (17 May 2010). "Agni-II test fired successful". News.oneindia.in. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  13. ^ Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats
  14. ^ "Agni-2". Missilethreat.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  15. ^ "India | Countries | NTI". Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.
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