Hosea 6: Difference between revisions

Hosea 6
Hosea 6
← chapter 5 chapter 7 →
	4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.
Book	Book of Hosea
Category	Nevi'im
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	28

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 08:10, 21 August 2024

Hosea 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Hosea in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.^[1]^[2] In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.^[3]^[4] This chapter contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Hosea, son of Beeri, including an exhortation to repentance (Hosea 6:1-3) and a complaint against Israel and Judah for persisting still in their wickedness (Hosea 6:4-11).^[5]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[6] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXII^g; 25 BCE) with extant verse 3–4, 8–11.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).^[11]^[a]

This chapter is divided into 11 verses.

Israel's "sickness unto death", and Hosea's exhortation to repentance (6:1–3)

This section continues the passage starting in Hosea 5:8, which concerns the time of the Syro-Ephraimite War (735–733 BCE) and its aftermath (733–731 BCE).^[13] Whereas in 5:8–15 Hosea states divine judgment on both Judah and Israel in their internecine strife, that YHWH will send "sickness unto death" (John Day's term), in 6:1–3 he proclaims the hope of revival if the people are willing accept his exhortation to repentance.^[13] The editors of the Jerusalem Bible suggest that this penitential prayer of Hosea may have been borrowed from an atonement ritual.^[14]

Verse 1

Come, and let us return unto the Lord:

for he hath torn, and he will heal us;

he hath smitten, and he will bind us up.^[15]

"Come and let us return unto the Lord": These words should come out of the people's mouth exhorting one another to return to God, instead of going to others, such as to Assyria, because only God who "tore" has the power and the will to "heal" them, and He tore "in order to" heal them, smote them "in order to" bind them up, literally, "smite He and He will bind us up".^[16]^[17]
"Let us return": so that God who has "returned to His place" "may return to" His people (Hosea 5:15).^[5]
"He will bind us up": only God can heal and cure Israel (Deuteronomy 32:39); and has been doing that for many hundred years, to "bind up the breach of his people, and heal the stroke of their wound (Isaiah 30:26), when they are truly converted by him.^[18]

Verse 2

After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.^[19]

"After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while' (cf. the Hebrew vocabulary for measurement of days: 'etmol silsom), 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.^[20]

Israel's political and religious corruption (6:4–11)

This section, which continues to 7:16, contains some oracles about Israel's political and religious corruption, because Israel failed to live according to YHWH's demand for steadfast love and knowledge of Him (verses 4–6). Israel's corrupt deeds (verses 7–10) prevent YHWH from restoring the nation (verses 6:11b–7:2).^[20]

Verse 6

For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.^[21]

These words emphasize the importance of 'right moral behavior' above 'ritual', as also similarly stated in other books of the prophets (Isaiah 1:10-17; Jeremiah 7:21–23; Micah 6:6–8).^[20]

Notes

^ The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.^[12]

References

^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 355
^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
^ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
^ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
^ ^a ^b Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ Ulrich 2010, p. 593.
^ Dead sea scrolls - Hosea
^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
^ 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
^ ^a ^b Day 2007, p. 574.
^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Hosea 6:1
^ Hosea 6:1 KJV
^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Hosea 6:2 KJV
^ ^a ^b ^c Day 2007, p. 575.
^ Hosea 6:6 KJV

Sources

Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451469233.
Day, John (2007). "27. Hosea". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 571–578. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

Christian

Hosea 6 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2017-02-04 at the Wayback Machine

[13] The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.^[12]

[Halley-1] Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 355

[Holman-2] Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.

[3] Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

[4] Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.

[jfb-5] Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[FOOTNOTEUlrich2010593-7] Ulrich 2010, p. 593.

[thewaytoyahuweh-8] Dead sea scrolls - Hosea

[FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200839-9] Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.

[10] 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-11] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[12] Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.

[FOOTNOTEDay2007574-14] Day 2007, p. 574.

[15] Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Hosea 6:1

[16] Hosea 6:1 KJV

[barnes-17] Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[pulpit-18] Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[gill-19] John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[20] Hosea 6:2 KJV

[FOOTNOTEDay2007575-21] Day 2007, p. 575.

[22] Hosea 6:6 KJV

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[a]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[12]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Bible chapter|letname= Hosea 6 |previouslink= Hosea 5 |previousletter= chapter 5 |nextlink= Hosea 7 |nextletter= chapter 7 |book=[[Book of Hosea]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 28 |category= [[Nevi'im]] | filename= 4Q166.jpg | size=250px | name= 4Q166, 1st century BC |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">[[4Q166]] "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.</div>}}
+{{Bible chapter|letname= Hosea 6 |previouslink= Hosea 5 |previousletter= chapter 5 |nextlink= Hosea 7 |nextletter= chapter 7 |book=[[Book of Hosea]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 28 |category= [[Nevi'im]] | filename= 4Q166.jpg | size=250px | name= 4Q166, 1st century BC |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.</div>}}
-'''Hosea 6''' is the sixth chapter of the [[Book of Hosea]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]].<ref name=Halley>Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an abbreviated Bible commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1963.</ref><ref name=Holman>Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</ref> This chapter contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet [[Hosea]] son of [[Beeri]], about an exhortation to repentance, Hosea 6:1-3 and a complaint against Israel and Judah for persisting still in their wickedness, Hosea 6:4-11.<ref name=jfb/> It is a part of the [[Twelve Minor Prophets|Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets]].<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger, Bruce M.]], et al. ''The Oxford Companion to the Bible''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</ref><ref>Keck, Leander E. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref>
+'''Hosea 6''' is the sixth chapter of the [[Book of Hosea]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]].<ref name=Halley>Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 355</ref><ref name=Holman>Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</ref> In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the [[Twelve Minor Prophets|Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets]].<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger, Bruce M.]], et al. ''The Oxford Companion to the Bible''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</ref><ref>Keck, Leander E. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref> This chapter contains prophecies attributed to the prophet [[Hosea]], son of [[Beeri]], including an exhortation to [[repentance]] (Hosea 6:1-3) and a complaint against Israel and Judah for persisting still in their wickedness (Hosea 6:4-11).<ref name=jfb/>
 == Text ==
+The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]. Some early [[biblical manuscript|manuscripts]] containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], including 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verse 3–4, 8–11.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=593}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]</ref>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}<ref>[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q82-1 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]</ref>
-The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 11 verses.
+There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]].<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}</ref>}}
-===Textual witnesses===
-Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}
+[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 11 verses.
-Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]: (2nd century BC and later)<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[http://thewaytoyahuweh.com/research/dead-sea-scrolls/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Timothy A. J. Jull |author2=Douglas J. Donahue |author3=Magen Broshi |author4=Emanuel Tov |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/1642 |title=Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=38 |number=1 |year=1995 |page=14 |accessdate=26 November 2014}}</ref>
-* 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>): extant: verses 3‑4, 8‑11<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>
+=={{Anchor|Verse 1—3}}Israel's "sickness unto death", and Hosea's exhortation to repentance (6:1–3)==
-Ancient manuscripts in [[Koine Greek]] containing this chapter are mainly of the [[Septuagint]] version, including [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]] currently does not have the whole Book of Hosea.<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher=	Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}</ref>}}
+This section continues the passage starting in Hosea 5:8, which concerns the time of the [[Syro-Ephraimite War]] (735–733 BCE) and its aftermath (733–731 BCE).{{sfn|Day|2007|p=574}} Whereas in 5:8–15 Hosea states divine judgment on both Judah and Israel in their internecine strife, that [[YHWH]] will send "sickness unto death" ([[John Day (biblical scholar)|John Day]]'s term), in 6:1–3 he proclaims the hope of revival if the people are willing accept his exhortation to repentance.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=574}} The editors of the [[Jerusalem Bible]] suggest that this penitential prayer of Hosea may have been borrowed from an [[atonement in Judaism|atonement]] ritual.<ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Hosea 6:1</ref>
-==Verse 1==
+===Verse 1===
 :''Come, and let us return unto the Lord:''
 ::''for he hath torn, and he will heal us;''
 :::''he hath smitten, and he will bind us up.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|6:1|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>
-* "Come and let us return unto the Lord": These words depend closely on the foregoing. They are words put into their mouth by God Himself, with which or with the like, they should exhort one another to return to God. Before, when God smote them, they had gone to Assyria; now they should turn to Him, owning, not only that He who "tore" has the power and the will to "heal" them, but that He tore, "in order to" heal them; He smote them, "in order to" bind them up. This closeness of connection is expressed in the last words; literally, "smite He and He will bind us up."<ref name=barnes>[[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Barnes, Albert]]. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
+* "Come and let us return unto the Lord": These words should come out of the people's mouth exhorting one another to return to God, instead of going to others, such as to [[Assyria]], because only God who "tore" has the power and the will to "heal" them, and He tore "in order to" heal them, smote them "in order to" bind them up, literally, "smite He and He will bind us up".<ref name=barnes>[[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Barnes, Albert]]. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=pulpit>Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The [[Pulpit Commentary]]. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
-* "Let us return": in order that God who has "returned to His place" "may return to us" ({{bibleref2|Hosea|5:15}})<ref name=jfb>Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. ''[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary|Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible]]''. 1871.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
+* "Let us return": so that God who has "returned to His place" "may return to" His people ({{bibleverse|Hosea|5:15|9}}).<ref name=jfb>Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. ''[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary|Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible]]''. 1871.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
+* "He will bind us up": only God can heal and cure Israel ({{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|32:39|9}}); and has been doing that for many hundred years, to "bind up the breach of his people, and heal the stroke of their wound ({{bibleverse|Isaiah|30:26|9}}), when they are truly converted by him.<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]]. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
-* "He hath torn, and he will heal us": The presence of the pronoun imparts emphasis to the statement, so that it is rather than "he": "it is that hath torn"; and the preterit of this verse, compared with the future in verse 14 of the foregoing chapter, implies that the destruction there predicted has become an accomplished fact.<ref name=pulpit>Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The [[Pulpit Commentary]]. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
-* "He will bind us up": the same hand that has torn will heal and that has smitten will bind up, and none else can; and therefore there is a necessity of returning to him for healing and a cure, {{bibleref2|Deuteronomy|32:39}}; and his tearing is in order to heal, and his smiting in order to bind up; and, as sure as he has done the one, he will do the other, and therefore there is great encouragement to apply to him; all which the Jews will be sensible of in the last day; and then the Lord, who is now tearing them in his wrath, and smiting them in his sore displeasure, both in their civil and church state, dispersing them among the nations, and has been so doing for many hundred years, will "bind up the breach of his people, and heal the stroke of their wound", {{bibleref2|Isaiah|30:26}}; and so the Lord deals with all his people, who are truly and really converted by him.<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]]. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
-==Verse 2==
+===Verse 2===
 :''After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|6:2|KJV}} KJV</ref>
-*"After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while'; cf. '''etmol silsom'', 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}}
+*"After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while' (cf. the [[Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement#Day|Hebrew vocabulary for measurement of days]]: '''etmol silsom''), 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}}
+=={{Anchor|Verses 4–11}}Israel's political and religious corruption (6:4–11)==
+This section, which continues to [[Hosea 7|7:16]], contains some oracles about Israel's political and religious corruption, because Israel failed to live according to [[YHWH]]'s demand for steadfast love and knowledge of Him (verses 4–6). Israel's corrupt deeds (verses 7–10) prevent YHWH from restoring the nation (verses 6:11b–7:2).{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}}
+===Verse 6===
+:''For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|6:6|KJV}} KJV</ref>
+These words emphasize the importance of 'right moral behavior' above 'ritual', as also similarly stated in other books of the prophets ([[Isaiah 1]]:10-17; [[Jeremiah 7]]:21–23; [[Micah 6]]:6–[[Micah 6:8|8]]).{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 42: / Line 47: @@
 ==Sources==
-{{Refbegin}}
 *{{Cite book
-|last                              = Collins
+|last      = Collins
-|first                             = John J.
+|first     = John J.
-|title                             = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
+|title     = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
-|publisher                         = Fortress Press
+|publisher = Fortress Press
-|year                              = 2014
+|year      = 2014
+|isbn = 9781451469233
-|url                               = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305&dq=%22there+is+no+doubt+that+the+book+was+edited+in+the+southern+kingdom%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRiJyupeHSAhWHupQKHcnLCrAQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22there%20is%20no%20doubt%20that%20the%20book%20was%20edited%20in%20the%20southern%20kingdom%22&f=false
+|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ
-|ref                               = harv
 }}
 *{{cite book|last= Day | first= John | chapter = 27. Hosea | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 571–578 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
+* {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
 *{{Cite book
-|last                              = Hayes
+|last      = Hayes
-|first                             = Christine
+|first     = Christine
-|title                             = Introduction to the Bible
+|title     = Introduction to the Bible
-|publisher                         = Yale University Press
+|publisher = Yale University Press
-|year                              = 2015
+|year      = 2015
+|isbn = 978-0300188271
-|url                               = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC&pg=PT242&dq=%22Amos+is+structured+in+four+main+sections%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi44Kmyq-HSAhXCLpQKHRs5DoIQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22Amos%20is%20structured%20in%20four%20main%20sections%22&f=false
+|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC
-|ref                               = harv
 }}
+* {{Cite book
-*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year=  1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
+| editor-last  = Ulrich
-{{Refend}}
+| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich
+| title        = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
+| year         = 2010
+| publisher    = Brill
+| url          = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}
+*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year=  1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 72: / Line 83: @@
 ===Christian===
-*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=6 Hosea 6 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]
+*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=6 Hosea 6 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204090320/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=6 |date=2017-02-04 }}
 {{Book of Hosea}}

v t e Book of Hosea
Bible chapters	Hosea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Place	Assyria Beth-aven Bethel Egypt Gibeah Gilgal Israel Judah Memphis Mizpah Ramah Samaria Shechem Tabor Tyre
People	Ahaz Beeri Benjamin Diblaim Ephraim Gomer Hezekiah Hosea Jehu Jeroboam Jezreel Joash Jotham Loammi Loruhamah Shalman YHWH Uzziah
Term	Baal Baal-Peor
Sources	Hebrew Bible 4Q166 Septuagint Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King James Version American Standard Version World English Version