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{{Short description|Unfinished opera by Hector Berlioz}}
{{Berlioz operas}}
{{Infobox opera
'''''Les francs-juges''''' is the title of an unfinished [[opera]] by the [[France|French]] composer [[Hector Berlioz]] written to a [[libretto]] by his friend [[Humbert Ferrand]] in 1826. The opera itself was abandoned by Berlioz, who destroyed most of the music. He did, however, retain the [[overture]] which has become a popular concert item in its own right and some other musical material was reused in later compositions.
| name = Les francs-juges
| type = Unfinished [[opera]]
| composer = [[Hector Berlioz]]
| image = Berlioz young.jpg
| image_upright =
| caption = Berlioz in 1832, portrayed by [[Émile Signol]]
| librettist = Humbert Ferrand
| language = French
| based_on =
| premiere_date =
| premiere_location =
}}
'''''Les francs-juges''''' (translated as "The Free Judges" or "The Judges of the Secret Court")<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Los Angeles Philharmonic]]|title=About the Piece: Overture to ''Les francs-jujes''|author=Howard Posner|url=http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/overture-to-les-francs-jujes-hector-berlioz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009191939/http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/overture-to-les-francs-jujes-hector-berlioz|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-10-09|accessdate=2016-01-18}}</ref> is the title of an unfinished [[opera]] by the French composer [[Hector Berlioz]] written to a [[libretto]] by his friend Humbert Ferrand in 1826. Berlioz abandoned the incomplete composition and destroyed most of the music. He retained the [[overture]], which has become a popular concert item, and used some other musical material in later compositions.


==The opera==
==Opera==
Ferrand was a law student with a love of poetry who became a lifelong friend of Berlioz. He had already written the words to a [[cantata]] for the composer, ''La révolution grecque'' in [[1825]]. Now Ferrand gratified Berlioz's eagerness to write his first opera by providing him with a three-act libretto, ''Les francs-juges''. The work is set in [[Middle Ages|Mediaeval]] [[Germany]] and the title literally means "The Free Judges", referring to the [[League of the Holy Court|secret "Vehmic" trials]] held in the region during the late Middle Ages. The plot, with its stormy passions and theme of rescue from oppression, offered Berlioz the opportunity to compose a work in the style of the [[French Revolution]]ary operas of [[Méhul]] and [[Cherubini]]. Berlioz intended ''Les francs-juges'' for performance at the Odéon theatre and the management accepted it on the basis of Ferrand's libretto. Berlioz threw himself into writing the score in the summer of 1826: the first two acts were finished by June, and he composed the third act in July and August and added the final touches in September. Unfortunately for Berlioz, the Odéon could not obtain government licensing to stage new French operas and ''Les francs-juges'' was shelved. The composer made later attempts to have it performed at the Opéra, the Nouveautés, the German Theatre and in Karlsruhe. He revised it in 1829 and again in 1833, but to no avail. ''Les francs-juges'' was never staged and only five numbers from the original score of 1826 survive complete.
Ferrand was a law student with a love of poetry who became a lifelong friend of Berlioz. He had already written the words to a [[cantata]] for the composer, ''La Révolution grecque'' in 1825. Now Ferrand gratified Berlioz's eagerness to write his first opera by providing him with a three-act libretto, ''Les francs-juges''. The work is set in [[Middle Ages|Mediaeval]] [[Germany]] and the title literally means "The Free Judges", referring to the [[Vehmic court|secret Vehmic trials]] held in the region during the late Middle Ages. The plot, with its stormy passions and theme of rescue from oppression, offered Berlioz the opportunity to compose a work in the style of the [[French Revolution]]ary operas of [[Étienne Méhul|Méhul]] and [[Luigi Cherubini|Cherubini]]. Berlioz intended ''Les francs-juges'' for performance at the Odéon theatre and the management accepted it on the basis of Ferrand's libretto. Berlioz threw himself into writing the score in the summer of 1826: the first two acts were finished by June, and he composed the third act in July and August and added the final touches in September. Unfortunately for Berlioz, the Odéon could not obtain government licensing to stage new French operas and ''Les francs-juges'' was shelved. The composer made later attempts to have it performed at the Opéra, the Nouveautés, the German Theatre and in Karlsruhe. He revised it in 1829 and again in 1833, but to no avail. ''Les francs-juges'' was never staged and only five numbers from the original score of 1826 survive complete.


Some of the music was reused in the ''Marche au Supplice'' of the [[Symphonie Fantastique]] and the second movement of the [[Symphonie Funèbre et Triomphale]]; the overture survived as a separate work.
Some of the music was reused in the "Marche au supplice" of the ''[[Symphonie fantastique]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Steinberg|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Steinberg (music critic)|title=The Symphony: A Listener's Guide|page=65|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|isbn=9780195126655}}</ref>


==The overture==
==Overture==
[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|thumb|upright=1.4|page=34|Overture beginning, violin and bassoon parts]]
This was the first work Berlioz wrote solely for orchestra and it is the earliest of his compositions to retain a place in the repertoire today. It was first performed at the [[Paris Conservatoire]] on [[26 May]] [[1828]] and published in 1836 (the opus number is 3). [[Franz Liszt]] prepared a piano transcription of it in [[1833]] (S.471).
This was the first work Berlioz wrote solely for orchestra and it is the earliest of his compositions to retain a place in the repertoire today. It was first performed at the [[Paris Conservatoire]] on 26 May 1828 and published in 1836 (the [[opus number]] is 3). [[Franz Liszt]] prepared a piano [[transcription (music)|transcription]] of it in 1833 (S.471).


An extract from the overture was used as the theme for the BBC television programme ''[[Face to Face (British TV programme)|Face to Face]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hugh Purcell|title=A Very Private Celebrity: The Nine Lives of John Freeman|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]|year=2015|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2fHXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT119 119]|isbn=9781849549455}}</ref>
==Sources==

⚫
*David Cairns: ''Berlioz: The Making of an Artist'' (the first volume of his biography of the composer) (André Deutsch, 1989)
==Notes==
⚫
*Hugh Macdonald: ''Berlioz'' ("The Master Musicians", J.M.Dent, 1982)
{{Reflist}}
⚫
*Berlioz: ''Memoirs'' (Dover, 1960)

==Further reading==
⚫
*Berlioz, Hector, ''Memoirs'', Dover, 1960
⚫
*[[David Cairns (writer)|Cairns, David]], ''Berlioz: The Making of an Artist'' (the first volume of his biography of the composer). [[André Deutsch]], 1989
⚫
*[[Hugh Macdonald (musicologist)|Macdonald, Hugh]], ''Berlioz'', The Master Musicians, J. M. Dent, 1982


==External links==
==External links==
* {{IMSLP|work=Les francs-juges, H 23 (Berlioz, Hector)|cname=''Les francs-juges'', H 23 (Berlioz)}}
[http://www.hberlioz.com/Libretti/Francs.htm The text of the surviving complete numbers from the score]<br><br>
* [http://www.hberlioz.com/Libretti/Francs.htm The text of the surviving complete numbers from the score]
* {{AllMusic|class=composition|id=mc0002361033|author=James Reel|title=Hector Berlioz: ''Les francs-juges'', opera, H. 23a (fragment)}}
* {{YouTube|ApbRxZfcmgI|Overture (audio)}}, [[London Symphony Orchestra]], Sir [[Colin Davis]]

{{Berlioz compositions}}
{{Berlioz compositions}}
{{Portal bar|Classical music}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Francs-juges, Les}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Francs-juges, Les}}
[[Category:Compositions by Hector Berlioz]]
[[Category:Operas by Hector Berlioz]]
[[Category:Operas by Hector Berlioz]]
[[Category:French-language operas]]
[[Category:French-language operas]]
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:Unfinished operas]]
[[Category:1826 operas]]
[[Category:Lost operas]]
[[Category:Overtures]]

Latest revision as of 12:22, 21 August 2024

Les francs-juges
Unfinished opera by Hector Berlioz
Berlioz in 1832, portrayed by Émile Signol
LibrettistHumbert Ferrand
LanguageFrench

Les francs-juges (translated as "The Free Judges" or "The Judges of the Secret Court")[1] is the title of an unfinished opera by the French composer Hector Berlioz written to a libretto by his friend Humbert Ferrand in 1826. Berlioz abandoned the incomplete composition and destroyed most of the music. He retained the overture, which has become a popular concert item, and used some other musical material in later compositions.

Opera

[edit]

Ferrand was a law student with a love of poetry who became a lifelong friend of Berlioz. He had already written the words to a cantata for the composer, La Révolution grecque in 1825. Now Ferrand gratified Berlioz's eagerness to write his first opera by providing him with a three-act libretto, Les francs-juges. The work is set in Mediaeval Germany and the title literally means "The Free Judges", referring to the secret Vehmic trials held in the region during the late Middle Ages. The plot, with its stormy passions and theme of rescue from oppression, offered Berlioz the opportunity to compose a work in the style of the French Revolutionary operas of Méhul and Cherubini. Berlioz intended Les francs-juges for performance at the Odéon theatre and the management accepted it on the basis of Ferrand's libretto. Berlioz threw himself into writing the score in the summer of 1826: the first two acts were finished by June, and he composed the third act in July and August and added the final touches in September. Unfortunately for Berlioz, the Odéon could not obtain government licensing to stage new French operas and Les francs-juges was shelved. The composer made later attempts to have it performed at the Opéra, the Nouveautés, the German Theatre and in Karlsruhe. He revised it in 1829 and again in 1833, but to no avail. Les francs-juges was never staged and only five numbers from the original score of 1826 survive complete.

Some of the music was reused in the "Marche au supplice" of the Symphonie fantastique.[2]

Overture

[edit]
Overture beginning, violin and bassoon parts

This was the first work Berlioz wrote solely for orchestra and it is the earliest of his compositions to retain a place in the repertoire today. It was first performed at the Paris Conservatoire on 26 May 1828 and published in 1836 (the opus number is 3). Franz Liszt prepared a piano transcription of it in 1833 (S.471).

An extract from the overture was used as the theme for the BBC television programme Face to Face.[3]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Howard Posner. "About the Piece: Overture to Les francs-jujes". Los Angeles Philharmonic. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  2. ^ Steinberg, Michael (1995). The Symphony: A Listener's Guide. Oxford University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780195126655.
  3. ^ Hugh Purcell (2015). A Very Private Celebrity: The Nine Lives of John Freeman. Biteback Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 9781849549455.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Berlioz, Hector, Memoirs, Dover, 1960
  • Cairns, David, Berlioz: The Making of an Artist (the first volume of his biography of the composer). André Deutsch, 1989
  • Macdonald, Hugh, Berlioz, The Master Musicians, J. M. Dent, 1982
[edit]
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