Jump to content

QRICH1: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m update table header
 
(48 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Protein found in humans}}
{{New unreviewed article|source=ArticleWizard|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
⚫
'''QRICH1''', also known as '''Glutamine-rich protein 1''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: QRICH1 glutamine-rich 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/?Db=gene&Cmd=retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=54870|access-date = 22 April 2011}}</ref> One notable feature of this protein is that it contains a Caspase Activation Recruitment Domain, also known as a [[CARD domain]].<ref name="UniprotKB">{{cite web | title = UniprotKB| url = https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2TAL8 | access-date = 3 March 2011}}</ref> As a result of having this domain, QRICH1 is believed to be involved in apoptotic, inflammatory, and host-immune response pathways.<ref name="CARD Domain">{{cite web| title = The Pawson Lab: CARD Domain| url = http://pawsonlab.mshri.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=148&Itemid=64| access-date = 28 April 2011| archive-date = 28 September 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211505/http://pawsonlab.mshri.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=148&Itemid=64| url-status = dead}}</ref>


⚫
{| class="wikitable"
{{Orphan|date=April 2011}}

{{PBB|geneid=54870}}


⚫
'''QRICH1''', also known as '''Glutamine-rich protein 1''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: QRICH1 glutamine-rich 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/?Db=gene&Cmd=retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=54870|accessdate = 22-April-2011}}</ref> The gene is 64363 [[base pairs]] long, encoding an [[mRNA]] transcript that is 3331 bp in length. QRICH1 is located on chromosome 3p21.31 (see gene neighborhood image below) and contains 11 [[exons]].<ref name="GenBank">{{cite web | title = GenBank: Homo Sapiens glutamine-rich 1 (QRICH1), transcript variant 1, mRNA| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/38570096?report=genbank|accessdate = 29-January-2011}}</ref> The protein product is 776 [[amino acids]] in length and contains several domains including a [[CARD domain]], glutamine-rich domain, and a [[Domain of unknown function]] (DUF3504).<ref name="UniprotKB">{{cite web | title = UniprotKB| url = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2TAL8 | accessdate = 3-March-2011}}</ref> These domains are all highly conserved among orthologs. QRICH1 is believed to be involved in apoptotic, inflammatory, and host-immune response pathways.<ref name="CARD Domain">{{cite web | title = The Pawson Lab: CARD Domain| url = http://pawsonlab.mshri.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=148&Itemid=64 | accessdate = 28-April-2011}}</ref>

[[Image:QRICH1 Gene Neighborhood.jpg|center]]

⚫
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
⚫
|-
!Accession Numbers
!Accession Numbers
!Location
!Location
Line 18: Line 10:
!pI
!pI
|-
|-
|NM_017730.2, NP_060200.2
|mRNA: NM_017730.2
protein: NP_060200.2
| 3p21.31
| 3p21.31
|FLJ20259, MFC131838<ref name="entrez"/>
|FLJ20259, MFC131838<ref name="entrez"/>
Line 25: Line 18:
|}
|}


==Gene==
The QRICH1 gene is 64,363 [[base pairs]] long, encoding an [[mRNA]] transcript that is 3331 bp in length.<ref name="Gene">{{cite web | title = Gene: 54780| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/54870|access-date = 2 February 2011}}</ref> QRICH1 is located on chromosome 3p21.31 and contains 11 [[exons]].<ref name="GenBank">{{cite web | title = GenBank: Homo Sapiens glutamine-rich 1 (QRICH1), transcript variant 1, mRNA| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/38570096?report=genbank|access-date = 29 January 2011}}</ref> The genomic sequence begins at base pair 49,057,531 and ends at base pair 49,141,201.<ref name="Gene"/>

[[File:QRICH1 Gene Neighborhood.jpg|thumb|The gene neighborhood of QRICH1 constructed by NCBI Gene<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web | title = NCBI Gene: 54870| url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/54870| access-date = 2 February 2011 }}</ref>]]


==Function==
==Function==


The exact function of QRICH1 is not well understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to be involved in processes such as [[inflammation]] and [[apoptosis]] due to the presence of a [[CARD domain]] near the beginning of the protein sequence.<ref name="CARD Domain">{{cite web | title = The Pawson Lab: CARD Domain| url = http://pawsonlab.mshri.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=148&Itemid=64 | accessdate = 28-April-2011}}</ref> This protein is predicted to localize to the [[nucleus]] and is known to interact with the [[ATXN1]] and [[ATF7IP]] proteins shown in the image below.<ref name="STRING8.3">{{cite web | title = Predicted Functional Partners| url = http://string db.org/newstring_cgi/show_network_section.pl | accessdate = 22-April-2011}}</ref>
The exact function of QRICH1 is not well understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to be involved in processes such as [[inflammation]] and [[apoptosis]] due to the presence of a [[CARD domain]] near the beginning of the protein sequence.<ref name="CARD Domain"/> This protein is predicted to localize to the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]] and is known to interact with the [[ATXN1]] and [[ATF7IP]] proteins shown in the image below.<ref name="STRING8.3">{{cite web | title = Predicted Functional Partners| url = http://string-db.org/cgi/network.pl?taskId=uZiVeGwatCmt | access-date = 1 May 2017}}</ref>


==Protein==
==Protein==
The glutamine-rich protein 1 is 776 [[amino acids]] in length. [[Glutamine]] residues are abundant, comprising 109 of the amino acids or 14% of the protein.<ref name ="SAPS">{{cite web | title = SAPS: Biology Workbench| url = http://workbench.sdsc.edu/|accessdate = 19-April-2011}}</ref> The protein contains three distinct domains. The first, a CARD domain, is a member of the [[death fold]] superfamily and is involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, immune signaling, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms. <ref name="UniprotKB">{{cite web | title = UniprotKB| url = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2TAL8 | accessdate = 3-March-2011}}</ref> The second domain is a glutamine-rich domain which comprises a majority of the protein and is highly conserved among orthologs.<ref name="UniprotKB">{{cite web | title = UniprotKB| url = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2TAL8 | accessdate = 3-March-2011}}</ref> The final domain is a Domain of Unknown Function (DUF3504) found near the end of the protein sequence.<ref name="UniprotKB">{{cite web | title = UniprotKB| url = http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2TAL8 | accessdate = 3-March-2011}}</ref>
The glutamine-rich protein 1 is 776 [[amino acids]] in length. [[Glutamine]] residues are abundant, comprising 109 of the amino acids or 14% of the protein.<ref name ="SAPS">{{cite web | title = SAPS: Biology Workbench| url = http://workbench.sdsc.edu/|access-date = 19 April 2011}}</ref> The protein contains three distinct domains. The first, a CARD domain, is a member of the [[death fold]] superfamily and is involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, immune signaling, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms.<ref name="UniprotKB"/> The second domain is a glutamine-rich domain which comprises a majority of the protein and is highly conserved among orthologs.<ref name="UniprotKB"/> The final domain is a [[Domain of unknown function]] (DUF3504) found near the end of the protein sequence.<ref name="UniprotKB"/> All three of these domains are well conserved throughout strict orthologs.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:CARD Domain.jpg|thumb| CARD Domains feature an arrangement of six to seven antiparallel alpha helices with a hydrophobic core and an outer face composed of charged residues.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web | title = Apoptosis: CARD Domain| url = http://www.cellsignal.com/reference/domain/card.html | access-date = 23 April 2011}}</ref>]] -->
⚫
===Predicted Features===

⚫
===Predicted features===
Properties of QRICH1 that were predicted using [[Bioinformatics]] tools:
Properties of QRICH1 that were predicted using [[Bioinformatics]] tools:
* Molecular Weight: 86.5 KDa<ref name="SAPS">{{cite journal | author = Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S | title = Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 2002–6 | year = 1992 | month = March | pmid = 1549558 | pmc = 48584 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002| url = | issn = | accessdate = 11-April-2011 }}</ref>
* Molecular Weight: 86.5 KDa<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite journal |vauthors=Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S | title = Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 2002–6 |date=March 1992 | pmid = 1549558 | pmc = 48584 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002| bibcode = 1992PNAS...89.2002B | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* Isoelectric Point: 5.59<ref name=PI>{{cite web |title= Computer pI/Mw |url= http://expasy.org/tools/pi_tool.html | accessdate = 11-April-2011}}</ref>
* Isoelectric Point: 5.59<ref name=PI>{{cite web |title= Computer pI/Mw |url= http://expasy.org/tools/pi_tool.html | access-date = 11 April 2011}}</ref>
*[[ Posttranslational modification|Post-translational modification]]: Multiple phosphorylation sites are predicted. PhosphoSitePlus predicted three phosphorylated serines at amino acids 343, 345, and 659.<ref name=Phosphorylation>{{cite web |title= PhosphoSitePlus |url= http://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.do?id=12819&showAllSites=true | accessdate = 13-April-2011}}</ref> The NetPhos program on [[ExPASy]] predicted 45 phosphorylation sites on multiple serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.<ref name=Phosphorylations>{{cite web |title= NetPhos |url= http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos/ | accessdate = 13-April-2011}}</ref> There is one predicted sulfinated tyrosine at amino acid 725.<ref name=Sulfination>{{cite web |title= Sulfinator |url= http://www.expasy.org/tools/sulfinator/ | accessdate = 11-April-2011}}</ref>
*[[Posttranslational modification|Post-translational modification]]: Multiple phosphorylation sites are reported or predicted. [[PhosphoSitePlus]] contains three annotated phosphorylated serines at residues 343, 345, and 659.<ref name=Phosphorylation>{{cite web |title= PhosphoSitePlus |url= http://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.do?id=12819&showAllSites=true | access-date = 13 April 2011}}</ref> The NetPhos program on [[ExPASy]] predicted 45 phosphorylation sites on multiple serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.<ref name=Phosphorylations>{{cite web |title= NetPhos |url= http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos/ | access-date = 13 April 2011}}</ref> There is one predicted sulfinated tyrosine at amino acid 725.<ref name=Sulfination>{{cite web |title= Sulfinator |url= http://www.expasy.org/tools/sulfinator/ | access-date = 11 April 2011}}</ref>
* No predicted [[Signal peptide|Signal Peptide]] or signal peptide cleavage.<ref name="SignalP">{{cite journal | author = Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S | title = Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0 | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 340 | issue = 4 | pages = 783–95 | year = 2004 | month = July | pmid = 15223320 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028 | url = | issn = | accessdate = 11-April-2011 }}</ref>
* No predicted [[Signal peptide|Signal Peptide]] or signal peptide cleavage.<ref name="SignalP">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S | title = Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0 | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 340 | issue = 4 | pages = 783–95 |date=July 2004 | pmid = 15223320 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.165.2784 }}</ref>
* Interacting Proteins: [[ATXN1]], [[Spinocerebellar ataxia]] type 1 protein, and [[ATF7IP]], activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1.<ref name=Interactants>{{cite web |title= STRING8.3 |url= http://string-db.org/newstring_cgi/show_input_page.pl | accessdate = 22-April-2011}}</ref> ATXN1 is involved in binding RNA in vitro and may be involved in RNA metabolism.<ref name=ATXN1>{{cite web |title= Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 |url= http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P54253 | accessdate = 22-April-2011}}</ref> ATF7IP is a recruiter protein that couples transcriptional factors to the general transcription apparatus, thereby modulating transcription regulation and chromatin formation.<ref name=ATF7IP>{{cite web |title= Activating Transcription Factor 7 Interacting Protein |url= http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6VMQ6 | accessdate = 23-April-2011}}</ref>
* Interacting Proteins: [[ATXN1]], [[Spinocerebellar ataxia]] type 1 protein, and [[ATF7IP]], activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1.<ref name=Interactants>{{cite web |title= STRING8.3 |url= http://string-db.org/newstring_cgi/show_input_page.pl | access-date = 22 April 2011}}</ref> ATXN1 is involved in binding RNA in vitro and may be involved in RNA metabolism.<ref name=ATXN1>{{cite web |title= Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 |url= https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P54253 | access-date = 22 April 2011}}</ref> ATF7IP is a recruiter protein that couples transcriptional factors to the general transcription apparatus, thereby modulating transcription regulation and chromatin formation.<ref name=ATF7IP>{{cite web |title= Activating Transcription Factor 7 Interacting Protein |url= https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6VMQ6 | access-date = 23 April 2011}}</ref>


==Expression==
==Expression==
QRICH1 is expressed at a high level, 3.3 times the average gene.<ref name ="AceView">{{cite web | title = AceView: Homo sapiens complex locus QRICH1, encoding glutamine-rich 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&term=QRICH1&submit=Go|accessdate = 16-February-2011}}</ref> It is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that QRICH1 is expressed particularly high in tissues such as the [[thymus]], [[testis]], [[cerebellar cortex]] and other areas of the brain, [[trachea]], and in embryonic tissue. Health states such as [[germ cell tumors]], [[leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], and [[chondrosarcoma]] have also reported high QRICH1 expression.
QRICH1 is expressed at a high level, 3.3 times the average gene.<ref name ="AceView">{{cite web | title = AceView: Homo sapiens complex locus QRICH1, encoding glutamine-rich 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&term=QRICH1&submit=Go|access-date = 16 February 2011}}</ref> It is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that QRICH1 is expressed particularly high in tissues such as the [[thymus]], [[testis]], [[cerebellar cortex]] and other areas of the brain, [[Vertebrate trachea|trachea]], and in embryonic tissue. Health states such as [[germ cell tumors]], [[leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], and [[chondrosarcoma]] have also reported high QRICH1 expression.


==Homology==
==Homology==

===Orthologs===
===Orthologs===
QRICH1 is highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, along with other [[chordates]] such as fish, birds, and amphibians. The gene has some conservation among insects, but there were no orthologs found in plants, fungi, or yeast.<ref name=Orthologs>{{cite web |title= BLAST |url= http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi | accessdate = 16-February-2011}}</ref>
QRICH1 is highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, along with other [[chordates]] such as fish, birds, and amphibians. The gene has some conservation among insects, but there were no orthologs found in plants, fungi, or yeast.<ref name=Orthologs>{{cite web |title= BLAST |url= http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi | access-date = 16 February 2011}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{|
! Genus/species
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Genus/Species'''
! Organism common name
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism Common Name'''
! Accession number
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sequence Identity'''
! Sequence identity
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sequence Similarity'''
! Sequence similarity
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Length (AAs)'''
! Length (AAs)
|-
|-
| [[Homo sapiens]]||Human||100%||100%||776||
| ''[[Pan troglodytes]]''||Chimpanzee||XP_001161499.1||99%||99%||766||
|-
|-
| [[Pan troglodytes]]||Chimpanzee||99%||99%||766||
| ''[[Macaca mulatta]]''||Rhesus macaque||XP_001110386.2||99%||99%||659||
|-
|-
| [[Macaca mulatta]]||Rhesus Macaque||99%||99%||659||
| ''[[Pongo abelii]]''||Orangutan||XP_002813809.1||99%||99%||777||
|-
|-
| [[Pongo abelii]]||Orangutan||99%||99%||777||
| ''[[Mus musculus]]''||House mouse||NP_780352.2||99%||99%||777||
|-
|-
| [[Mus musculus]]||House Mouse||99%||99%||777||
| ''[[Rattus norvegicus]]''||Norway rat||NP_001128004.1||99%||99%||687||
|-
|-
| [[Rattus norvegicus]]||Norway rat||99%||99%||687||
| ''[[Canis familiaris]]''||Dog||XP_850904.1||99%||99%||780||
|-
|-
| [[Bos taurus]]||Cattle||99%||99%||779||
| ''[[Bos taurus]]''||Cow||NP_001091484.1||99%||99%||779||
|-
|-
| [[Gallus gallus]]||Chicken||94%||96%||773||
| ''[[Sus scrofa]]''||Wild boar||XP_003132250.1||99%||99%||781||
|-
|-
| [[Taeniopygia guttata]]||Zebra finch||93%||97%||772||
| ''[[Oryctolagus cuniculus]]''||European rabbit||XP_002713458.1||99%||99%||777||
|-
|-
| [[Xenopus laevis]]||African clawed frog||79%||85%||755||
| ''[[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]]''||Giant panda||XP_002920598.1||99%||99%||780||
|-
|-
| [[Danio rerio]]||Zebra fish||63%||73%||717||
| ''[[Callithrix jacchus]]''||Marmoset||XP_002758378.1||99%||99%||777||
|-
|-
| [[Apis mellifera]]||Bee||47%||64%||1356||
| ''[[Equus caballus]]''||Horse||XP_001498380.2||98%||98%||780||
|-
|-
| Camponotus floridanus||Carpenter ant||45%||63%||1724||
| ''[[Monodelphis domestica]]''||Opossum||XP_001367745.1||95%||97%||776||
⚫
|-
| ''[[Gallus gallus]]''||Chicken||XP_001233527.1||94%||96%||773||
|-
| ''[[Ornithorhynchus anatinus]]''||Platypus||XP_001505372.1||94%||95%||741||
|-
| ''[[Taeniopygia guttata]]''||Zebra finch||XP_002187824.1||93%||97%||772||
|-
| ''[[Xenopus laevis]]''||African clawed frog||NP_001083416.1||79%||85%||755||
|-
| ''[[Tetraodon nigroviridis]]''||Pufferfish||CAG11318.1||71%||80%||729||
|-
| ''[[Danio rerio]]''||Zebra fish||NP_001020633.1||63%||73%||717||
|-
| ''[[Apis mellifera]]''||Bee||XP_624959.2||47%||64%||1356||
|-
| ''[[Camponotus floridanus]]''||Carpenter ant||EFN71787.1||45%||63%||1724||
|-
|-
|
|
Line 83: Line 100:


===Paralogs===
===Paralogs===
QRICH1 has five [[paralogs]] all of which encode a [[zinc finger protein]].<ref name=Paralogs>{{cite web |title= GeneCards |url= http://www.genecards.org/index.php?path=/Search/keyword/QRICH1 | accessdate = 18-April-2011}}</ref>
QRICH1 has five [[paralogs]] all of which encode a [[zinc finger protein]].<ref name=Paralogs>{{cite web |title= GeneCards |url= https://www.genecards.org/index.php?path=/Search/keyword/QRICH1 | access-date = 18 April 2011}}</ref>




==References==
==References==
Line 92: Line 107:


{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{gene-3-stub}}






<!--- Categories --->
<!--- Categories --->
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
[[Category:Uncharacterized proteins]]
[[Category:Human proteins]]

Latest revision as of 22:54, 21 August 2024

QRICH1
Identifiers
AliasesQRICH1, glutamine rich 1, VERBRAS, AB-DIP
External IDsOMIM: 617387; MGI: 1916482; HomoloGene: 9803; GeneCards: QRICH1; OMA:QRICH1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

54870

69232

Ensembl

ENSG00000198218

ENSMUSG00000006673

UniProt

Q2TAL8

Q3UA37

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001114119
NM_175143

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001107591
NP_780352

Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 49.03 – 49.09 MbChr 9: 108.39 – 108.44 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

QRICH1, also known as Glutamine-rich protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 gene.[5] One notable feature of this protein is that it contains a Caspase Activation Recruitment Domain, also known as a CARD domain.[6] As a result of having this domain, QRICH1 is believed to be involved in apoptotic, inflammatory, and host-immune response pathways.[7]

Accession Numbers Location Identifiers M.W. pI
mRNA: NM_017730.2

protein: NP_060200.2

3p21.31 FLJ20259, MFC131838[5] 86.4 kDa 5.59

Gene

[edit]

The QRICH1 gene is 64,363 base pairs long, encoding an mRNA transcript that is 3331 bp in length.[8] QRICH1 is located on chromosome 3p21.31 and contains 11 exons.[9] The genomic sequence begins at base pair 49,057,531 and ends at base pair 49,141,201.[8]

The gene neighborhood of QRICH1 constructed by NCBI Gene[10]

Function

[edit]

The exact function of QRICH1 is not well understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to be involved in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis due to the presence of a CARD domain near the beginning of the protein sequence.[7] This protein is predicted to localize to the nucleus and is known to interact with the ATXN1 and ATF7IP proteins shown in the image below.[11]

Protein

[edit]

The glutamine-rich protein 1 is 776 amino acids in length. Glutamine residues are abundant, comprising 109 of the amino acids or 14% of the protein.[12] The protein contains three distinct domains. The first, a CARD domain, is a member of the death fold superfamily and is involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, immune signaling, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms.[6] The second domain is a glutamine-rich domain which comprises a majority of the protein and is highly conserved among orthologs.[6] The final domain is a Domain of unknown function (DUF3504) found near the end of the protein sequence.[6] All three of these domains are well conserved throughout strict orthologs.

Predicted features

[edit]

Properties of QRICH1 that were predicted using Bioinformatics tools:

  • Molecular Weight: 86.5 KDa[13]
  • Isoelectric Point: 5.59[14]
  • Post-translational modification: Multiple phosphorylation sites are reported or predicted. PhosphoSitePlus contains three annotated phosphorylated serines at residues 343, 345, and 659.[15] The NetPhos program on ExPASy predicted 45 phosphorylation sites on multiple serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.[16] There is one predicted sulfinated tyrosine at amino acid 725.[17]
  • No predicted Signal Peptide or signal peptide cleavage.[18]
  • Interacting Proteins: ATXN1, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 protein, and ATF7IP, activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1.[19] ATXN1 is involved in binding RNA in vitro and may be involved in RNA metabolism.[20] ATF7IP is a recruiter protein that couples transcriptional factors to the general transcription apparatus, thereby modulating transcription regulation and chromatin formation.[21]

Expression

[edit]

QRICH1 is expressed at a high level, 3.3 times the average gene.[22] It is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that QRICH1 is expressed particularly high in tissues such as the thymus, testis, cerebellar cortex and other areas of the brain, trachea, and in embryonic tissue. Health states such as germ cell tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and chondrosarcoma have also reported high QRICH1 expression.

Homology

[edit]

Orthologs

[edit]

QRICH1 is highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, along with other chordates such as fish, birds, and amphibians. The gene has some conservation among insects, but there were no orthologs found in plants, fungi, or yeast.[23]

Genus/species Organism common name Accession number Sequence identity Sequence similarity Length (AAs)
Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee XP_001161499.1 99% 99% 766
Macaca mulatta Rhesus macaque XP_001110386.2 99% 99% 659
Pongo abelii Orangutan XP_002813809.1 99% 99% 777
Mus musculus House mouse NP_780352.2 99% 99% 777
Rattus norvegicus Norway rat NP_001128004.1 99% 99% 687
Canis familiaris Dog XP_850904.1 99% 99% 780
Bos taurus Cow NP_001091484.1 99% 99% 779
Sus scrofa Wild boar XP_003132250.1 99% 99% 781
Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit XP_002713458.1 99% 99% 777
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant panda XP_002920598.1 99% 99% 780
Callithrix jacchus Marmoset XP_002758378.1 99% 99% 777
Equus caballus Horse XP_001498380.2 98% 98% 780
Monodelphis domestica Opossum XP_001367745.1 95% 97% 776
Gallus gallus Chicken XP_001233527.1 94% 96% 773
Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus XP_001505372.1 94% 95% 741
Taeniopygia guttata Zebra finch XP_002187824.1 93% 97% 772
Xenopus laevis African clawed frog NP_001083416.1 79% 85% 755
Tetraodon nigroviridis Pufferfish CAG11318.1 71% 80% 729
Danio rerio Zebra fish NP_001020633.1 63% 73% 717
Apis mellifera Bee XP_624959.2 47% 64% 1356
Camponotus floridanus Carpenter ant EFN71787.1 45% 63% 1724

Paralogs

[edit]

QRICH1 has five paralogs all of which encode a zinc finger protein.[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198218 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006673 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: QRICH1 glutamine-rich 1". Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d "UniprotKB". Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  7. ^ a b "The Pawson Lab: CARD Domain". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Gene: 54780". Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  9. ^ "GenBank: Homo Sapiens glutamine-rich 1 (QRICH1), transcript variant 1, mRNA". Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  10. ^ "NCBI Gene: 54870". Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  11. ^ "Predicted Functional Partners". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  12. ^ "SAPS: Biology Workbench". Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  13. ^ Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S (March 1992). "Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (6): 2002–6. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.2002B. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002. PMC 48584. PMID 1549558.
  14. ^ "Computer pI/Mw". Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  15. ^ "PhosphoSitePlus". Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  16. ^ "NetPhos". Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  17. ^ "Sulfinator". Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  18. ^ Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S (July 2004). "Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0". Journal of Molecular Biology. 340 (4): 783–95. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.2784. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028. PMID 15223320.
  19. ^ "STRING8.3". Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  20. ^ "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1". Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  21. ^ "Activating Transcription Factor 7 Interacting Protein". Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  22. ^ "AceView: Homo sapiens complex locus QRICH1, encoding glutamine-rich 1". Retrieved 16 February 2011.
  23. ^ "BLAST". Retrieved 16 February 2011.
  24. ^ "GeneCards". Retrieved 18 April 2011.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=QRICH1&oldid=1241569574"