It has been compared to [[Central Park]] in New York City and [[Golden Gate Park]] in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks.<ref>Multiple sources:
It has been compared to [[Central Park]] in New York City and [[Golden Gate Park]] in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web |title=On the Grid: Griffith Park |url=https://onthegrid.city/los-angeles/griffith-park |last=Hyperakt |date=March 10, 2018 |website=On the Grid}}
*{{cite web |title=On the Grid: Griffith Park |url=https://onthegrid.city/los-angeles/griffith-park |last=Hyperakt |date=March 10, 2018 |website=On the Grid }}
*{{cite web |url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-family-fun-activities-at-griffith-park/ |title=Best Family-Fun Activities At Griffith Park |date=June 28, 2017}}
*{{cite web |url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-family-fun-activities-at-griffith-park/ |title=Best Family-Fun Activities At Griffith Park |date=June 28, 2017 }}
*{{cite web |title=Griffith Observatory & Griffith Park Los Angeles |url=https://www.travelonline.com/usa/los-angeles/attractions/griffith-park-observatory.html |website=www.travelonline.com}}</ref> The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Griffith Park's Vision Plan |url=https://friendsofgriffithpark.org/griffith-parks-vision-plan/ |website=Friends of Griffith Park |publisher=Friends of Griffith Park |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>{{r|Vision 2014}} The park covers {{convert|4310|acre|ha}} of land, making it one of the largest [[urban park]]s in North America.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_info.htm |title=Griffith Park<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> It is the second-largest city park in California, after [[Mission Trails Preserve]] in San Diego, and the 11th-largest municipally-owned park in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-largest-oldest-most-visited-parks-4-2011-update.pdf |title=The 150 Largest City Parks |publisher=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref>
*{{cite web |title=Griffith Observatory & Griffith Park Los Angeles |url=https://www.travelonline.com/usa/los-angeles/attractions/griffith-park-observatory.html |website=www.travelonline.com |access-date=November 30, 2017 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507185705/https://www.travelonline.com/usa/los-angeles/attractions/griffith-park-observatory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Griffith Park's Vision Plan |url=https://friendsofgriffithpark.org/griffith-parks-vision-plan/ |website=Friends of Griffith Park |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>{{r|Vision 2014}} The park covers {{convert|4310|acre|ha}} of land, making it one of the largest [[urban park]]s in North America.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_info.htm |title=Griffith Park<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=December 2, 2010 |archive-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728182613/http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_info.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the second-largest city park in California, after [[Mission Trails Preserve]] in San Diego, and the 11th-largest municipally-owned park in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-largest-oldest-most-visited-parks-4-2011-update.pdf |title=The 150 Largest City Parks |publisher=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref>
==History==
==History==
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[[File:Griffith J. Griffith San Quentin State Prison 03.jpg|thumb|Griffith's entry in the [[San Quentin State Prison|San Quentin]] prison register]]
[[File:Griffith J. Griffith San Quentin State Prison 03.jpg|thumb|Griffith's entry in the [[San Quentin State Prison|San Quentin]] prison register]]
After successfully investing in mining, [[Griffith J. Griffith]] purchased [[Rancho Los Feliz]] (near the [[Los Angeles River]]) in 1882 and started an [[ostrich]] farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late 19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated {{convert|3015|acre|ha}} to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896.<ref>[http://www.ci.la.ca.us/rap/dos/parks/griffithPK/gp_narrative.htm Griffith Park<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115220537/http://www.ci.la.ca.us/rap/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_narrative.htm |date=January 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gift To Los Angeles: Capitalist G. J. Griffith Donates as a Christmas Present a Magnificent Park Site. |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18961217.2.32.1 |access-date=17 November 2015 |issue=Volume 81, Number 17, Page 3 |publisher=Los Angeles Herald |date=17 December 1896}}</ref>
After successfully investing in mining, [[Griffith J. Griffith]] purchased [[Rancho Los Feliz]] (near the [[Los Angeles River]]) in 1882 and started an [[ostrich]] farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late 19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated {{convert|3015|acre|ha}} to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896.<ref>[http://www.ci.la.ca.us/rap/dos/parks/griffithPK/gp_narrative.htm Griffith Park<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115220537/http://www.ci.la.ca.us/rap/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_narrative.htm |date=January 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gift To Los Angeles: Capitalist G. J. Griffith Donates as a Christmas Present a Magnificent Park Site. |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18961217.2.32.1 |access-date=17 November 2015 |volume=81 |issue=17 |page=3 |publisher=Los Angeles Herald |date=17 December 1896}}</ref> It came with instructions: "Public parks are a safety valve of great cities...and should be accessible and attractive, where neither race, creed nor color should be excluded."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rasmussen |first=Cecilia |title=L.A. Unconventional: The Men and Women Who Did L.A. Their Way |date=1998 |pages=54–55 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |isbn=978-1-883792-23-7 |location=Los Angeles |oclc=ocm40701771}}</ref>
Griffith was tried and convicted of shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident.<ref>[http://www.ulwaf.com/LA-1900s/04.11.html#GriffithDivorce "Death Summons Noble Woman"], ''Los Angeles Sunday Times'', November 13, 1904</ref> When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an [[amphitheater]], [[observatory]], [[planetarium]], and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. As his reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, the city refused his money.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morrison |first=Patt |date=2022-05-03 |title=Griffith Park is named for a guy who shot his wife — and other true stories of L.A. parks |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-05-03/la-parks-names-griffith-runyon-debs |access-date=2022-05-07 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
Griffith was tried and convicted of shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident.<ref>[http://www.ulwaf.com/LA-1900s/04.11.html#GriffithDivorce "Death Summons Noble Woman"], ''Los Angeles Sunday Times'', November 13, 1904</ref> When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an [[amphitheater]], [[observatory]], [[planetarium]], and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. As his reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, the city refused his money.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morrison |first=Patt |date=2022-05-03 |title=Griffith Park is named for a guy who shot his wife — and other true stories of L.A. parks |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-05-03/la-parks-names-griffith-runyon-debs |access-date=2022-05-07 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Los Angeles River at Griffith Park, ca.1898-1910 (CHS-2033).jpg|thumb|200px|left|Los Angeles River at Griffith Park, c. 1898-1910]]
[[File:Los Angeles River at Griffith Park, ca.1898-1910 (CHS-2033).jpg|thumb|200px|left|Los Angeles River at Griffith Park, {{Circa|1898}}–1910]]
===Griffith Park Aerodrome===
===Griffith Park Aerodrome===
In 1912, Griffith designated {{convert|100|acre|ha}} of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, be used to "do something to further aviation". The Griffith Park Aerodrome was the result. Aviation pioneers such as [[Glenn L. Martin]] and [[Silas Christofferson]] used it; afterwards the aerodrome was passed to the [[Air National Guard|National Guard Air Service]]. Air operations continued on a {{convert|2000|ft|m|-2|adj=on}}-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to [[Grand Central Airport (United States)|Grand Central Airport]] across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed. The National Guard squadron moved to [[Van Nuys]], and the aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, [[Rodger Young Village]] occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the [[Los Angeles Zoo]] parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the [[Golden State Freeway]] and the [[Ventura Freeway]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
In 1912, Griffith designated {{convert|100|acre|ha}} of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, to be used to "do something to further aviation". The Griffith Park Aerodrome was the result. Aviation pioneers such as [[Glenn L. Martin]] and [[Silas Christofferson]] used it; afterwards the aerodrome was passed to the [[Air National Guard|National Guard Air Service]]. Air operations continued on a {{convert|2000|ft|m|-2|adj=on}}-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to [[Grand Central Airport (United States)|Grand Central Airport]] across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1939-11-10 |title=Extension of Guard Airfield at Griffith Park Held Illegal |pages=38 |work=The Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123681174/extension-of-guard-airfield-at-griffith/ |access-date=2023-04-28}}</ref> The National Guard squadron moved to [[Van Nuys]], and the aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, [[Rodger Young Village]] occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the [[Los Angeles Zoo]] parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the [[Golden State Freeway]] and the [[Ventura Freeway]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
===Expansion===
===Expansion===
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Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the [[Greek Theatre (Los Angeles)|Greek Theatre]], was completed in 1930, and [[Griffith Observatory]] was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift, further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the park to its present size.
Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the [[Greek Theatre (Los Angeles)|Greek Theatre]], was completed in 1930, and [[Griffith Observatory]] was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift, further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the park to its present size.
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company donated {{convert|444 |acres}} of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the Lake Hollywood reservoir (west), the former [[Hollywood Sign|Hollywoodland sign]] (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.<ref>Los Angeles City Archives, Piper Tech, Minutes of Meeting of Board of Playground and Recreation Commissioners, Monday, December 18, 1944</ref><ref>Los Angeles City Ordinance 90638</ref><ref>Quitclaim deed, Sherman Company, City of Los Angeles 2049 (Sherman Library and Gardens)</ref>
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company donated {{convert|444 |acres}} of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the [[Lake Hollywood]] reservoir (west), the former [[Hollywood Sign|Hollywoodland sign]] (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.<ref>Los Angeles City Archives, Piper Tech, Minutes of Meeting of Board of Playground and Recreation Commissioners, Monday, December 18, 1944</ref><ref>Los Angeles City Ordinance 90638</ref><ref>Quitclaim deed, Sherman Company, City of Los Angeles 2049 (Sherman Library and Gardens)</ref>
===World War II===
===World War II===
After the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|bombing of Pearl Harbor]], the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for [[Internment of Japanese Americans|Japanese Americans arrested as "enemy aliens"]] before they were transferred to more permanent internment camps. The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of [[fifth column]] activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby [[Terminal Island]], were transferred to an [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]] detention station after a brief stay, but [[Issei]] internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to [[Fort Lincoln Internment Camp|Fort Lincoln]], [[Fort Missoula Internment Camp|Fort Missoula]] and other DOJ camps.<ref name=Masumoto>Masumoto, Marie. [http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Griffith%20Park%20%28detention%20facility%29/ "Griffith Park"] ''Densho Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.</ref>
After the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|bombing of Pearl Harbor]], the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for [[Internment of Japanese Americans|Japanese Americans arrested as "enemy aliens"]] before they were transferred to more permanent internment camps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campa |first=Andrew J. |date=2023-04-28 |title=Griffith Park's little-known history as a prison camp for Japanese, German, Italian immigrants |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-04-28/griffith-parks-prison-camp-japanese-german-italian-immigrants |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of [[fifth column]] activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby [[Terminal Island]], were transferred to an [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]] detention station after a brief stay, but [[Issei]] internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to [[Fort Lincoln Internment Camp|Fort Lincoln]], [[Fort Missoula Internment Camp|Fort Missoula]] and other DOJ camps.<ref name=Masumoto>Masumoto, Marie. [http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Griffith%20Park%20%28detention%20facility%29/ "Griffith Park"] ''Densho Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.</ref>
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese [[Prisoner of war|prisoners-of-war]], operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.<ref name=Masumoto/>
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese [[Prisoner of war|prisoners-of-war]], operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.<ref name=Masumoto/>
===Protest===
===Protest===
On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest [[entrapment]] and harassment by the [[Los Angeles Police Department]], two [[drag queen|drag queens]] known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park, a popular [[cruising for sex|cruising]] spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day.<ref>Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). ''Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America'', p. 210. New York, Warner Books. {{ISBN|0-446-67237-8}}.</ref>
On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest [[entrapment]] and harassment by the [[Los Angeles Police Department]], two [[drag queen]]s known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park, a popular [[cruising for sex|cruising]] spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day.<ref>Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). ''Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America'', p. 210. New York, Warner Books. {{ISBN|0-446-67237-8}}.</ref>
===Fires===
===Fires===
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{{see also|Griffith Park Fire|l1=Griffith Park Fire (1933)}}
{{see also|Griffith Park Fire|l1=Griffith Park Fire (1933)}}
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, when [[1933 Griffith Park Fire|a fire broke out]] in the Mineral Wells area in the northern part of the current park. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to {{convert|47|acre|ha}}.<ref>[http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/fire_of_'331.html "The Fire of '33"], ''Glendale News-Press'', October 1–4, 1993. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, when [[1933 Griffith Park Fire|a fire broke out]] in the Mineral Wells area in the northern part of the current park. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to {{convert|47|acre|ha}}.<ref>[http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/fire_of_'331.html "The Fire of '33"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202060223/http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/fire_of_%27331.html |date=December 2, 2019 }}, ''Glendale News-Press'', October 1–4, 1993. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>
On May 12, 1961, a wildfire on the south side of the park burned {{convert|814|acre|ha}}. It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the [[Beachwood Canyon, Los Angeles|Beachwood Canyon]] area.<ref>[http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/610512_BeachwoodCanyonFire/051261_BeachwoodCanyon.htm A Holocaust Strikes the Hollywood Hills] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812140941/http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/610512_BeachwoodCanyonFire/051261_BeachwoodCanyon.htm |date=August 12, 2007}}, Otto Firgens, Los Angeles City Fire Department</ref>
On May 12, 1961, a wildfire on the south side of the park burned {{convert|814|acre|ha}}. It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the [[Beachwood Canyon, Los Angeles|Beachwood Canyon]] area.<ref>[http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/610512_BeachwoodCanyonFire/051261_BeachwoodCanyon.htm A Holocaust Strikes the Hollywood Hills] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812140941/http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/610512_BeachwoodCanyonFire/051261_BeachwoodCanyon.htm |date=August 12, 2007}}, Otto Firgens, Los Angeles City Fire Department</ref>
Another fire occurred {{circa}} 1971 in the [[Toyon Canyon]] area. Repelled by the ugliness of the devastated area, Amir Dialameh replanted a portion of it himself by hand. Over the course of more than 30 years he tended the garden he built there, with the help of occasional volunteers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amirsgarden.org/index.html |title=Amir's Garden - Since 1971 |publisher=Amirsgarden.org |access-date=2016-02-17}}</ref> Amir's Garden is featured in ''[[Visiting... with Huell Howser]]'' episode 1306.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amir's Garden- Visiting (1306) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University |url=https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2005/10/16/amirs-garden-visiting-1306/}}</ref>
Another fire occurred {{circa}} 1971 in the [[Toyon Canyon]] area. Repelled by the ugliness of the devastated area, Amir Dialameh replanted a portion of it himself by hand. Over the course of more than 30 years he tended the garden he built there, with the help of occasional volunteers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amirsgarden.org/index.html |title=Amir's Garden - Since 1971 |publisher=Amirsgarden.org |access-date=2016-02-17}}</ref> Amir's Garden is featured in ''[[Visiting... with Huell Howser]]'' episode 1306.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amir's Garden- Visiting (1306) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University |date=October 16, 2005 |url=https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2005/10/16/amirs-garden-visiting-1306/}}</ref>
On May 8, 2007, a major wildfire burned more than {{convert|817|acre|ha}}, destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, [[Shane's Inspiration]], and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left such areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all.<ref name="latimes.com">[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-fire11may11,0,3633158.story?coll=la-home-center "City to repair fire damage in Griffith Park"] Ashraf Khalil, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' May 11, 2007</ref> It was the third fire of the year.<ref>[http://www.nbc4.tv/news/13279762/detail.html?dl=mainclick "Fire Forces Griffith Park Evacuations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510033239/http://www.nbc4.tv/news/13279762/detail.html?dl=mainclick |date=May 10, 2007 }}, [[KNBC]].com, 11:27 pm PDT May 8, 2007</ref> The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.<ref name="latimes.com"/>
On May 8, 2007, a major wildfire burned more than {{convert|817|acre|ha}}, destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, [[Shane's Inspiration]], and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left such areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all.<ref name="latimes.com">[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-fire11may11,0,3633158.story?coll=la-home-center "City to repair fire damage in Griffith Park"] Ashraf Khalil, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' May 11, 2007</ref> It was the third fire of the year.<ref>[http://www.nbc4.tv/news/13279762/detail.html?dl=mainclick "Fire Forces Griffith Park Evacuations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510033239/http://www.nbc4.tv/news/13279762/detail.html?dl=mainclick |date=May 10, 2007 }}, [[KNBC]].com, 11:27 pm PDT May 8, 2007</ref> The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.<ref name="latimes.com"/>
===Addition of Cahuenga Peak===
===Addition of Cahuenga Peak===
{{Convert|100|acres|ha|spell=In}} around [[Cahuenga Peak]] were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city,<ref>
{{Convert|100|acres|ha|spell=In}} around [[Cahuenga Peak]] were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city,<ref>{{cite news
}}</ref> and added to the park in July 2010<ref>[http://laist.com/2010/06/18/its_official_griffith_park_grows_by.php It's Official: Griffith Park Grows by More than 100 Acres with Addition of Cahuenga Peak] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510215412/http://laist.com/2010/06/18/its_official_griffith_park_grows_by.php |date=May 10, 2012 }}. LAist (June 18, 2010). Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> bringing the park's total acreage to {{Convert|4310|acre|ha}}.
}}</ref> and added to the park in July 2010<ref>[http://laist.com/2010/06/18/its_official_griffith_park_grows_by.php It's Official: Griffith Park Grows by More than 100 Acres with Addition of Cahuenga Peak] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510215412/http://laist.com/2010/06/18/its_official_griffith_park_grows_by.php |date=May 10, 2012 }}. LAist (June 18, 2010). Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> bringing the park's total acreage to {{Convert|4310|acre|ha}}.
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*[[La Kretz Bridge]]
*[[La Kretz Bridge]]
*[[Travel Town Museum#Miniature train excursions|Griffith Park & Southern Railroad]]
*[[Travel Town Museum#Miniature train excursions|Griffith Park & Southern Railroad]]
*Griffith Park Merry-Go-Round<ref>{{cite web|title=Griffith Park|url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/mgr.htm|website=City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation & Parks|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tremaine|first=Julie|date=2020-10-14|title=The story behind the California attraction that inspired Disneyland|url=https://www.sfgate.com/disneyland/article/This-is-the-exact-spot-in-LA-that-inspired-15644142.php|access-date=2020-10-14|work=[[SFGate]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Griffith Park Merry-Go-Round<ref>{{cite web|title=Griffith Park|url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/mgr.htm|website=City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation & Parks|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=July 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722220624/http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/mgr.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tremaine|first=Julie|date=2020-10-14|title=The story behind the California attraction that inspired Disneyland|url=https://www.sfgate.com/disneyland/article/This-is-the-exact-spot-in-LA-that-inspired-15644142.php|access-date=2020-10-14|work=[[SFGate]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Griffith Park Zoo]] - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picnicking area
*[[Griffith Park Zoo]] - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picnicking area
*[[Heritage tree]]: a pine tree in memory of Beatle [[George Harrison]] was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a [[beetle]] infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison Memorial Tree killed ... by beetles; replanting due|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-beetles-replant-20140721-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date= July 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison tree -- killed by beetles -- to be replanted Feb. 25 |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-killed-by-beetles-replant-20150220-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Heritage tree]]: a pine tree in memory of Beatle [[George Harrison]] was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a [[beetle]] infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison Memorial Tree killed ... by beetles; replanting due|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-beetles-replant-20140721-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date= July 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison tree -- killed by beetles -- to be replanted Feb. 25 |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-killed-by-beetles-replant-20150220-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
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*[[Travel Town Museum]]
*[[Travel Town Museum]]
A statue of a standing bear, created in 1976 by [[Noack Foundry]] based on the design of German sculptor [[Renée Sintenis]] originally created in 1932, is located in the park. Its plaque reads "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free [[Berlin]]".<ref>{{cite web | title=Renee Sintenis, Standing Bear, Los Angeles | website=Public Art in Los Angeles and Southern California| url=http://www.publicartinla.com/sculptures/sintenis_bear.html | access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> This is the same bear as that used to create the [[Golden Bear]] awards for the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] each year.<ref>{{cite web | last=François | first=Emmanuelle | title=The woman behind the Bär | website=Exberliner | date=2 March 2018 | url=https://www.exberliner.com/politics/renee-sintenis/ | access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
A statue of a standing bear, created in 1976 by [[Noack Foundry]] based on the design of German sculptor [[Renée Sintenis]] originally created in 1932, is located in the park. Its plaque reads "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free [[Berlin]]".<ref>{{cite web | title=Renee Sintenis, Standing Bear, Los Angeles | website=Public Art in Los Angeles and Southern California | url=http://www.publicartinla.com/sculptures/sintenis_bear.html | access-date=23 September 2022 | archive-date=September 23, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923063327/http://www.publicartinla.com/sculptures/sintenis_bear.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> This is the same bear as that used to create the [[Golden Bear]] awards for the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] each year.<ref>{{cite web | last=François | first=Emmanuelle | title=The woman behind the Bär | website=Exberliner | date=2 March 2018 | url=https://www.exberliner.com/politics/renee-sintenis/ | access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
===Other activities===
===Other activities===
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After its closure in 1966, the grounds of the [[Griffith Park Zoo]] were transformed into a recreation area. Some of the former animal enclosures were left in place, and picnic tables were installed.
After its closure in 1966, the grounds of the [[Griffith Park Zoo]] were transformed into a recreation area. Some of the former animal enclosures were left in place, and picnic tables were installed.
The annual [[Bell-Jeff Invitational]] cross country race has been held in the park on the last Saturday in September since 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-09-30/sports/sp-83_1_jeff-invitational-bell|title= Big Field Expected for Bell-Jeff Invitational|date= September 30, 1989|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref>
The annual [[Bell-Jeff Invitational]] cross country race has been held in the park on the last Saturday in September since 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-30-sp-83-story.html|title= Big Field Expected for Bell-Jeff Invitational|date= September 30, 1989|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref>
After 74 years in operation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Griffith Park Pony Rides Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=212780 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref> the [[Griffith Park Pony Rides]] closed on December 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2022-12-22 |title=End of era: Children take last pony rides as city closes Griffith Park favorite |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2022/12/21/end-of-era-children-take-last-pony-rides-as-city-closes-griffith-park-favorite |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2023-01-08 |title=Historic structures at Griffith Park pony ride may hamper city's plans |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/01/08/historic-structures-at-griffith-park-pony-ride-may-hamper-citys-plans |access-date=2023-01-10 |work=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>{{r|CHC-2008-2724-HCM}}
After 74 years in operation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Griffith Park Pony Rides Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=212780 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref> the [[Griffith Park Pony Rides]] closed on December 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2022-12-22 |title=End of era: Children take last pony rides as city closes Griffith Park favorite |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2022/12/21/end-of-era-children-take-last-pony-rides-as-city-closes-griffith-park-favorite |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2023-01-08 |title=Historic structures at Griffith Park pony ride may hamper city's plans |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/01/08/historic-structures-at-griffith-park-pony-ride-may-hamper-citys-plans |access-date=2023-01-10 |work=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>{{r|CHC-2008-2724-HCM}}
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===Mount Lee===
===Mount Lee===
Mount Lee's hiking trails and fire roads are part of Griffith Park; as such it's easy to get lost and be redirected. Maps of the trails and the land around the hills should be studied before attempting to hike the area for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laparks.org/sites/default/files/griffith/pdf/GriffithParkMap.pdf|title=Griffith Park Trail Map|last=|first=|date=|website=www.laparks.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
Mount Lee's hiking trails and fire roads are part of Griffith Park; as such it's easy to get lost and be redirected. Maps of the trails and the land around the hills should be studied before attempting to hike the area for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laparks.org/sites/default/files/griffith/pdf/GriffithParkMap.pdf|title=Griffith Park Trail Map|last=|first=|date=|website=www.laparks.org|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
==Wildlife==
==Wildlife==
An adult [[cougar|mountain lion]], named [[P-22 (mountain lion)|P-22]],{{notetag|"P" for puma, another name for mountain lion, and "22" as he is the 22nd of his species which has been tracked by [[National Park Service]] rangers.}} inhabited the park from 2012 to 2022.<ref>Steve Winter, ''Ghost Cats'', [[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]], December 2013.</ref> An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera.<ref>Keefe, Alexa (November 14, 2013) [http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2013/11/14/a-cougar-ready-for-his-closeup ''A Cougar Ready for His Closeup''] ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400616078/las-mountain-lion-is-a-solitary-cat-with-a-knack-for-travel|title=LA's Mountain Lion Is A Solitary Cat With A Knack For Travel|date= April 19, 2015|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/ballad-p22-mountain-lion-los-angeles|title=The Mountain Lions of Los Angeles |first=Michelle |last=Nijhuis|date=April 20, 2015|magazine=[[The New Yorker]] }}</ref> P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to have taken up residence in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion's body was found in Griffith Park sometime in 1996 or 1997, after being hit by a vehicle. Another mountain lion was sighted several times in Griffith Park in 2004 and rangers found evidence (including deer remains) to support its presence there.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hymon |first1=Steve |last2=Sciaudone |first2=Christiana |date=April 29, 2004 |title=A Mountain Lion Far From Home |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-29-me-lion29-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 18, 2022}}</ref>
An adult [[North American cougar|mountain lion]], named [[P-22 (mountain lion)|P-22]],{{notetag|"P" for puma, another name for mountain lion, and "22" as he is the 22nd of his species which has been tracked by [[National Park Service]] rangers.}} inhabited the park from 2012 to 2022.<ref>Steve Winter, ''Ghost Cats'', [[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]], December 2013.</ref> An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera.<ref>Keefe, Alexa (November 14, 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20131114222015/http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2013/11/14/a-cougar-ready-for-his-closeup/ ''A Cougar Ready for His Closeup''] ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400616078/las-mountain-lion-is-a-solitary-cat-with-a-knack-for-travel|title=LA's Mountain Lion Is A Solitary Cat With A Knack For Travel|date= April 19, 2015|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/ballad-p22-mountain-lion-los-angeles|title=The Mountain Lions of Los Angeles |first=Michelle |last=Nijhuis|date=April 20, 2015|magazine=[[The New Yorker]] }}</ref> P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to have taken up residence in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion's body was found in Griffith Park sometime in 1996 or 1997, after being hit by a vehicle. Another mountain lion was sighted several times in Griffith Park in 2004 and rangers found evidence (including deer remains) to support its presence there.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hymon |first1=Steve |last2=Sciaudone |first2=Christiana |date=April 29, 2004 |title=A Mountain Lion Far From Home |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-29-me-lion29-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 18, 2022}}</ref>
An urban ecologist monitors wildlife within the park.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lovett |first=Ian |date=2011-09-14 |title=Baying at the Bard, Appropriately and Otherwise |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/us/out-here-coyotes-provide-soundtrack-to-theater-in-griffith-park.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The ecologist has also been conducting a raptor study in the communities surrounding the park through volunteers since 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Dakota |date=2023-03-02 |title=Go bird watching with an urban ecologist and learn about L.A.'s predators of the sky |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/newsletter/2023-03-01/los-angeles-raptor-study-griffith-park-bird-watching-the-wild |access-date=2023-03-02 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Permanent signs on the Griffith Park Observatory deck warn of [[Southern Pacific rattlesnake|rattlesnakes]] in the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Rattlesnake-Warning-Los-Angeles-Zoo-season-153225855.html|title=Rattlesnake Warning: They're Shy, but Dangerous|last=Hicks|first=Reva|date=May 23, 2012|work=NBC Southern California|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|quote=the [[Southern Pacific rattlesnake]] [is] found in Griffith Park -- a place where humans, dogs and rattlesnakes share the trails.}}</ref>
An urban ecologist monitors wildlife within the park.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lovett |first=Ian |date=2011-09-14 |title=Baying at the Bard, Appropriately and Otherwise |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/us/out-here-coyotes-provide-soundtrack-to-theater-in-griffith-park.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The ecologist has also been conducting a raptor study in the communities surrounding the park through volunteers since 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Dakota |date=2023-03-02 |title=Go bird watching with an urban ecologist and learn about L.A.'s predators of the sky |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/newsletter/2023-03-01/los-angeles-raptor-study-griffith-park-bird-watching-the-wild |access-date=2023-03-02 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Permanent signs on the Griffith Park Observatory deck warn of [[Southern Pacific rattlesnake|rattlesnakes]] in the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Rattlesnake-Warning-Los-Angeles-Zoo-season-153225855.html|title=Rattlesnake Warning: They're Shy, but Dangerous|last=Hicks|first=Reva|date=May 23, 2012|work=NBC Southern California|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|quote=the [[Southern Pacific rattlesnake]] [is] found in Griffith Park -- a place where humans, dogs and rattlesnakes share the trails.}}</ref>
[[Coyote]]s abound in Griffith Park and are generally active at night. Park visitors report frequent sightings during the day and have had their dogs attacked by coyotes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolfe |first=Chris |last2=Habeshian |first2=Sareen |date=2022-01-26 |title=Actor Travis Van Winkle warns hikers after his dog was attacked by coyotes at Griffith Park |url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/actor-travis-van-winkle-warns-hikers-after-his-dog-was-attacked-by-coyotes-at-griffith-park/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref> Visitors are strongly discouraged from feeding Griffith Park coyotes including near "the base of Fern Canyon, where up to eight coyotes per day are present more or less continuously."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Matthew |date=2017-06-18 |title=LA park rangers warn visitors: Stop feeding the coyotes! |url=https://www.dailynews.com/environment-and-nature/20170617/la-park-rangers-warn-visitors-stop-feeding-the-coyotes |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Los Angeles Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Urban coyote]]s abound in Griffith Park and are generally active at night. Park visitors report frequent sightings during the day and have had their dogs attacked by coyotes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Chris |last2=Habeshian |first2=Sareen |date=2022-01-26 |title=Actor Travis Van Winkle warns hikers after his dog was attacked by coyotes at Griffith Park |url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/actor-travis-van-winkle-warns-hikers-after-his-dog-was-attacked-by-coyotes-at-griffith-park/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref> Visitors are strongly discouraged from feeding Griffith Park coyotes including near "the base of Fern Canyon, where up to eight coyotes per day are present more or less continuously."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Matthew |date=2017-06-18 |title=LA park rangers warn visitors: Stop feeding the coyotes! |url=https://www.dailynews.com/environment-and-nature/20170617/la-park-rangers-warn-visitors-stop-feeding-the-coyotes |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Los Angeles Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>
The newly created habitat of a [[Miyawaki forest]] near the Bette Davis Picnic Area has attracted [[Western toad]]s from the [[Los Angeles River]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buckley |first=Cara |date=2023-08-24 |title=Tiny Forests With Big Benefits |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/climate/tiny-forests-climate-miyawaki.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagner |first=Tara Lynn |date=2021-10-25 |title=In the face of a huge climate crisis, can micro forests be the answer? |url=https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/environment/2021/10/25/in-the-face-of-a-huge-climate-crisis--can-micro-forests-be-the-answer- |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=spectrumnews1.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Geology==
==Geology==
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==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]] and [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], various locations in the park have been used extensively in movies and television shows. Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a FilmL.A. survey.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Projects included the TV series ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' and ''[[The Closer]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215042520/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |title=Top Film Locations for 2011 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 15, 2011}}</ref>
With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]] and [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], various locations in the park have been used extensively in movies and television shows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rode |first=Erin |date=2024-01-26 |title=There's a secret mystery forest in the middle of this big city park |url=https://www.sfgate.com/la/article/california-griffith-park-forest-hike-18621449.php |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=SFGATE |language=en}}</ref> Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a FilmL.A. survey.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Projects included the TV series ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' and ''[[The Closer]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215042520/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |title=Top Film Locations for 2011 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 15, 2011}}</ref>
** Griffith Park was the location used in [[Ellie Goulding]]'s music video "[[Guns and Horses]]".
** Griffith Park was the location used in [[Ellie Goulding]]'s music video "[[Guns and Horses]]".
**The silver Trans Am in the [[Simple Plan]] music video for [[Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)]] is seen driving out of the tunnel just before the head-on crash.
**The silver Trans Am in the [[Simple Plan]] music video for [[Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)]] is seen driving out of the tunnel just before the head-on crash.
*Television: ''[[Adam-12]], ''[[Remington Steele]]'', ''[[Salute Your Shorts]]'', ''[[Full House (TV series)|Full House]]''
*Television - sampling of television shows filmed here includes:
**An episode{{which|date=September 2015}} of ''[[Remington Steele]]'' in which Laura Holt is trying to evade the police
**The Nickelodeon show ''[[Salute Your Shorts]]''
**Scenes of ''[[Full House (TV series)|Full House]]'' were taped here
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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{{Commons category|Griffith Park}}
{{Commons category|Griffith Park}}
* [http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithPK/griffith.htm Los Angeles Department of Recreation & Parks: Griffith Park]
* [http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithPK/griffith.htm Los Angeles Department of Recreation & Parks: Griffith Park]
* [http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/gphome.html Griffith Park History]
* [http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/gphome.html Griffith Park History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803122631/http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/gphome.html |date=August 3, 2004 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041207221504/http://lafire.com/famous_fires/331003_GriffithParkFire/100333_GriffithPark.htm Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive ''The Griffith Park Fire'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041207221504/http://lafire.com/famous_fires/331003_GriffithParkFire/100333_GriffithPark.htm Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive ''The Griffith Park Fire'']
* [http://www.airfields-freeman.com/CA/Airfields_CA_LA_C.htm#griffith Griffith Park Aerodrome]
* [http://www.airfields-freeman.com/CA/Airfields_CA_LA_C.htm#griffith Griffith Park Aerodrome]
Latest revision as of 21:19, 22 August 2024
Municipal park in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California
It has been compared to Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks.[2] The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014.[3][4] The park covers 4,310 acres (1,740 ha) of land, making it one of the largest urban parks in North America.[5] It is the second-largest city park in California, after Mission Trails Preserve in San Diego, and the 11th-largest municipally-owned park in the United States.[6]
Griffith's entry in the San Quentin prison register
After successfully investing in mining, Griffith J. Griffith purchased Rancho Los Feliz (near the Los Angeles River) in 1882 and started an ostrich farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late 19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated 3,015 acres (1,220 ha) to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896.[7][8] It came with instructions: "Public parks are a safety valve of great cities...and should be accessible and attractive, where neither race, creed nor color should be excluded."[9]
Griffith was tried and convicted of shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident.[10] When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an amphitheater, observatory, planetarium, and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. As his reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, the city refused his money.[11]
In 1912, Griffith designated 100 acres (40 ha) of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, to be used to "do something to further aviation". The Griffith Park Aerodrome was the result. Aviation pioneers such as Glenn L. Martin and Silas Christofferson used it; afterwards the aerodrome was passed to the National Guard Air Service. Air operations continued on a 2,000-foot (600 m)-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to Grand Central Airport across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed.[12] The National Guard squadron moved to Van Nuys, and the aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, Rodger Young Village occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the Los Angeles Zoo parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the Golden State Freeway and the Ventura Freeway.[citation needed]
Girls eating in the mess hall of Griffith Park Girls' Camp, c. 1920
Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the Greek Theatre, was completed in 1930, and Griffith Observatory was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift, further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the park to its present size.
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company donated 444 acres (180 ha) of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the Lake Hollywood reservoir (west), the former Hollywoodland sign (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.[13][14][15]
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Civilian Conservation Corps camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for Japanese Americans arrested as "enemy aliens" before they were transferred to more permanent internment camps.[16] The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of fifth column activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby Terminal Island, were transferred to an Immigration and Naturalization Service detention station after a brief stay, but Issei internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to Fort Lincoln, Fort Missoula and other DOJ camps.[17]
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese prisoners-of-war, operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.[17]
On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest entrapment and harassment by the Los Angeles Police Department, two drag queens known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park, a popular cruising spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day.[18]
Aftermath of the 2007 fire. Both visible and infra-red wavelengths of light have been used to make this satellite image. Vegetation appears in various shades of green, while the burned areas appear charcoal.
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, when a fire broke out in the Mineral Wells area in the northern part of the current park. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to 47 acres (19 ha).[19]
On May 12, 1961, a wildfire on the south side of the park burned 814 acres (329 ha). It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the Beachwood Canyon area.[20]
Another fire occurred c. 1971 in the Toyon Canyon area. Repelled by the ugliness of the devastated area, Amir Dialameh replanted a portion of it himself by hand. Over the course of more than 30 years he tended the garden he built there, with the help of occasional volunteers.[21] Amir's Garden is featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser episode 1306.[22]
On May 8, 2007, a major wildfire burned more than 817 acres (331 ha), destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, Shane's Inspiration, and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left such areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all.[23] It was the third fire of the year.[24] The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.[23]
One hundred acres (40 ha) around Cahuenga Peak were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city,[25] and added to the park in July 2010[26] bringing the park's total acreage to 4,310 acres (1,740 ha).
Griffith Park Zoo - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picnicking area
Heritage tree: a pine tree in memory of Beatle George Harrison was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a beetle infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.[29][30]
The site of the Hollywood Sign on the southern side of Mount Lee is located on rough, steep terrain, and is encompassed by barriers to prevent unauthorized access. Local groups have campaigned to make tourist access to the sign difficult on grounds of safety, as the curving hillside roads in the area were not designed for so many cars and pedestrians.[31][32] The Hollywood Sign Trust convinced Google and other mapping services to stop providing directions to the location of the sign, instead directing visitors to two viewing platforms, Griffith Observatory and the Hollywood and Highland Center. Another, less remote area from which the sign can be viewed is Lake Hollywood Park on Canyon Lake Drive.[33]
A statue of a standing bear, created in 1976 by Noack Foundry based on the design of German sculptor Renée Sintenis originally created in 1932, is located in the park. Its plaque reads "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free Berlin".[34] This is the same bear as that used to create the Golden Bear awards for the Berlin International Film Festival each year.[35]
Much of the park comprises wild, rugged natural areas with hiking and equestrian trails, and this terrain separates the park into many areas or "pockets" of activities. Within the various areas are concessions, golf courses, picnic grounds, train rides, and tennis courts. In 2014, two baseball fields were proposed on the east side of Griffith Park that would remove 44 trees and replace four acres (1.6 ha) of picnic area, the largest picnic area in the park that is often used for large family gatherings, cultural fairs and festivals, reunions, and other special occasions. The plan may be altered to spare a sycamore that has been designated by the city as a "heritage tree", a living artifact of Los Angeles history.[36]
After its closure in 1966, the grounds of the Griffith Park Zoo were transformed into a recreation area. Some of the former animal enclosures were left in place, and picnic tables were installed.
The annual Bell-Jeff Invitational cross country race has been held in the park on the last Saturday in September since 1973.[37]
Griffith Park is a popular hiking area. Orientation maps are located at the entrance to the parking lot near Griffith Observatory. A service road leads from the observatory to numerous hiking routs on and around Mount Lee; however, the immediate area where the Hollywood Sign is located is closed to the public since the area is home to the main communication tower for the City of Los Angeles. Hiking up to Wisdom tree on Cahuenga Peak from the South-western slopes of Mount Lee is accessible.[42] Visitors are expected to comply with safety requirements, and must be prepared and equipped adequately.
The Mount Lee Drive approach to the Mount Lee summit.
Trails leading to the Hollywood Sign can be accessed from several official Griffith Park entrances. These include the Mt. Hollywood Trail, which can be accessed from the Griffith Observatory parking lot off Vermont Canyon Road or from Vermont Canyon Road just past the Greek Theater, the Bronson Canyon / Brush Canyon Trail (3200 Canyon Drive, Los Angeles, CA),[43] and a number of trailheads that begin near the Griffith Park Visitors Center off Crystal Springs Drive in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles (free trail maps are available at the Visitors Center).[44] A once-popular trailhead originating at the top of Beachwood Drive was closed by court order in April 2017.[45]
Mount Lee's hiking trails and fire roads are part of Griffith Park; as such it's easy to get lost and be redirected. Maps of the trails and the land around the hills should be studied before attempting to hike the area for the first time.[46]
An adult mountain lion, named P-22,[note 1] inhabited the park from 2012 to 2022.[47] An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera.[48][49][50] P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to have taken up residence in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion's body was found in Griffith Park sometime in 1996 or 1997, after being hit by a vehicle. Another mountain lion was sighted several times in Griffith Park in 2004 and rangers found evidence (including deer remains) to support its presence there.[51]
An urban ecologist monitors wildlife within the park.[52] The ecologist has also been conducting a raptor study in the communities surrounding the park through volunteers since 2017.[53] Permanent signs on the Griffith Park Observatory deck warn of rattlesnakes in the surrounding area.[54]
Urban coyotes abound in Griffith Park and are generally active at night. Park visitors report frequent sightings during the day and have had their dogs attacked by coyotes.[55] Visitors are strongly discouraged from feeding Griffith Park coyotes including near "the base of Fern Canyon, where up to eight coyotes per day are present more or less continuously."[56]
With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to Hollywood and Burbank, various locations in the park have been used extensively in movies and television shows.[62] Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a FilmL.A. survey.[citation needed] Projects included the TV series Criminal Minds and The Closer.[63]
Some sites within the park that have appeared in media include:
Bronson Canyon, also called Bronson Caves, is a popular location for motion picture and television filming, especially of western and science fiction low-budget films, including Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). The site was also used as the location for the climactic scene in John Ford's classic western, The Searchers (1956). The scene includes Ethan Edwards (John Wayne) cornering his niece Debbie (Natalie Wood) in one of the caves with the apparent intent of killing her. The craggy site of an old quarry, a tunnel in this canyon was also used as the entrance to the Batcave in the 1960s Batman television series, and in numerous other shows. The natural "cave" walls are preserved by the many layers of paint used to make them look like rock.[citation needed]
Views from Griffith Park The Griffith Observatory, which sits atop the southern slope of Mount Hollywood, was featured prominently in the classic Rebel Without a Cause (1955). A bronze bust of the film's star James Dean is on the grounds just outside the dome. Other movies filmed here include The Terminator (1984), Disney's The Rocketeer (1991), Stephen Sommer's film Van Helsing (2004), Yes Man (2008), and La La Land (2016). The area of the park around the Observatory also appears as a location in the role-playing video gameVampire: The Masquerade Bloodlines (2004), which is set in Los Angeles. Griffith Park and Griffith Observatory are significant in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Future's End" (originally aired November 6, 1996). The crew are thrown into the past and Griffith Observatory discovers Voyager. The tunnel was also used in the 1960s spy television series Mission: Impossible.
The Griffith Park Carousel, opened in 1929 was the carousel that inspired Disneyland. Walt sat on one of the benches around the Carousel, and while watching his kids dreamed up Disneyland. The Carousel is still open, and enriched with history.
The Travel Town Museum's Griffith Park & Southern Railroad appears in the miniature train scene in The Parallax View (1974).
The tunnel was used as the entrance to the NORAD complex in WarGames (1983).
It was used as a location in the first two Back to the Future movies. In the first movie (released in 1985) it was used for Marty McFly's starting point when accelerating to 88 mph (142 km/h) in the film's climax, and in the second movie (released in 1989) it was used for the "River Road Tunnel" scene when Marty was trying to get the almanac back from Biff Tannen.
^Rasmussen, Cecilia (1998). L.A. Unconventional: The Men and Women Who Did L.A. Their Way. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Times. pp. 54–55. ISBN978-1-883792-23-7. OCLC40701771.
^ abMasumoto, Marie. "Griffith Park"Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.
^Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America, p. 210. New York, Warner Books. ISBN0-446-67237-8.
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Welcome sign at Griffith Park's northeast entrance
Griffith Park (south side) with the Downtown LA skyline in the background
Sunset at Griffith Park, with a view of west Los Angeles.
Toyon Canyon Landfill, with San Fernando Valley to the north
Pote Field, on Crystal Springs Drive
Light Festival, 2009
Golfers at Wilson & Harding Course in Griffith Park (2013)
Railroad Museum
View of Hollywood from Griffith Observatory, Dec. 2010
Hikers climb the summit of Bee Rock in Griffith Park, Los Angeles.
1934 map with Griffith Park Aerodrome
Lonesome Pine/Wisdom Tree on Burbank Peak
