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{{Short description|Family of a monarch}}{{About|the monarchy-related concept}}
{{Short description|Family of a monarch}}{{About|the monarchy-related concept}}
{{distinguish|Royal Household}}
{{distinguish|Royal household}}
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{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
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The term '''imperial family''' appropriately describes the family of an [[emperor]] or [[emperor|empress]], and the term '''papal family''' describes the family of a [[pope]], while the terms '''baronial family''', '''comital family''', '''ducal family''', '''archducal family''', '''grand ducal family''', or '''princely family''' are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning [[baron]], [[count]]/[[earl]], [[duke]], [[archduke]], [[grand duke]], or [[prince]].
The term '''imperial family''' appropriately describes the family of an [[emperor]] or [[emperor|empress]], and the term '''papal family''' describes the family of a [[pope]], while the terms '''baronial family''', '''comital family''', '''ducal family''', '''archducal family''', '''grand ducal family''', or '''princely family''' are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning [[baron]], [[count]]/[[earl]], [[duke]], [[archduke]], [[grand duke]], or [[prince]].


However, in common parlance members of any family which [[reign]]s by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed [[monarch]] and their descendants as a royal family. A [[dynasty]] is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/22/meet-the-worlds-other-25-royal-families/ Meet the world’s other 25 royal families]</ref>
However, in common parlance members of any family which [[reign]]s by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed [[monarch]] and their descendants as a royal family. A [[dynasty]] is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/22/meet-the-worlds-other-25-royal-families/ Meet the world's other 25 royal families]</ref>


{{As of|2021}}, while there are several European countries whose nominal head of state, by long tradition, is a king or queen, the associated royal families, with the notable exception of the [[British royal family]], are non-notable ordinary citizens who may bear a title but are not involved in public affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Britain's royal family is an accident waiting to happen. Prince Charles should dismantle it |last=Jenkins |first=Simon |work=The Guardian |date=13 March 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/13/britain-royal-family-prince-charles-monarchy}}</ref>
{{As of|2021}}, while there are several European countries whose nominal head of state, by long tradition, is a king or queen, the associated royal families, with the notable exception of the [[British royal family]], are non-notable ordinary citizens who may bear a title but are not involved in public affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Britain's royal family is an accident waiting to happen. Prince Charles should dismantle it |last=Jenkins |first=Simon |work=The Guardian |date=13 March 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/13/britain-royal-family-prince-charles-monarchy}}</ref>
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[[Image:Louis14-Family.jpg|thumb|The Royal Family of [[Kingdom of France|France]] in classical costume during the reign of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]].]]
[[Image:Louis14-Family.jpg|thumb|The Royal Family of [[Kingdom of France|France]] in classical costume during the reign of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]].]]


A royal family typically includes the spouse of the reigning monarch, surviving spouses of a deceased monarch, the children, grandchildren, brothers, sisters, and paternal cousins of the reigning monarch, as well as their spouses. In some cases, royal family membership may extend to great grandchildren and more distant descendants of a monarch. In certain monarchies where voluntary [[abdication]] is the norm, such as the [[Netherlands]], a royal family may also include one or more former monarchs. In certain instances, such as in Canada, the royal family is defined by who holds the styles [[Majesty]] and [[Royal Highness]].<ref>[http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf Department of National Defence: ''The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces''; pg 281]</ref> There is often a distinction between persons of the blood royal and those that marry into the royal family. Under most systems, only persons in the first category are dynasts, that is, potential successors to the throne (unless the member of the latter category is also in line to the throne in their own right, a frequent occurrence in royal families which frequently intermarry). This is not always observed; some monarchies have operated by the principle of ''[[jure uxoris]]''.
A royal family typically includes the spouse of the reigning monarch, surviving spouses of a deceased monarch, the children, grandchildren, brothers, sisters, and paternal cousins of the reigning monarch, as well as their spouses. In some cases, royal family membership may extend to great grandchildren and more distant descendants of a monarch. In certain monarchies where voluntary [[abdication]] is the norm, such as the [[Netherlands]], a royal family may also include one or more former monarchs. In certain instances, such as in Canada, the royal family is defined by who holds the styles [[Majesty]] and [[Royal Highness]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf |title=Department of National Defence: ''The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces''; pg 281 |access-date=2007-06-26 |archive-date=2009-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325162006/http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is often a distinction between persons of the blood royal and those that marry into the royal family. Under most systems, only persons in the first category are dynasts, that is, potential successors to the throne (unless the member of the latter category is also in line to the throne in their own right, a frequent occurrence in royal families which frequently intermarry). This is not always observed; some monarchies have operated by the principle of ''[[jure uxoris]]''.


In addition, certain relatives of the monarch (by blood or marriage) possess special privileges and are subject to certain statutes, conventions, or special common law. The precise functions of a royal family vary depending on whether the polity in question is an [[absolute monarchy]], a [[constitutional monarchy]], or somewhere in between. In certain monarchies, such as that found in [[Saudi Arabia]] or [[Kuwait]], or in political systems where the monarch actually exercises executive power, such as in [[Jordan]], it is not uncommon for the members of a royal family to hold important government posts or military commands. In most constitutional monarchies, however, members of a royal family perform certain public, social, or ceremonial functions, but refrain from any involvement in electoral politics or the actual governance of the country.
In addition, certain relatives of the monarch (by blood or marriage) possess special privileges and are subject to certain statutes, conventions, or special common law. The precise functions of a royal family vary depending on whether the polity in question is an [[absolute monarchy]], a [[constitutional monarchy]], or somewhere in between. In certain monarchies, such as that found in [[Saudi Arabia]] or [[Kuwait]], or in political systems where the monarch actually exercises executive power, such as in [[Jordan]], it is not uncommon for the members of a royal family to hold important government posts or military commands. In most constitutional monarchies, however, members of a royal family perform certain public, social, or ceremonial functions, but refrain from any involvement in electoral politics or the actual governance of the country.
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===Oceania===
===Oceania===
* [[Monarchy of Australia|Australian royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of Australia|Australian royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of New Zealand|New Zealander royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of New Zealand|New Zealand royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of Papua New Guinea|Papuan royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of Papua New Guinea|Papuan royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of the Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands royal family]]
* [[Monarchy of the Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands royal family]]
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* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Ghanaian royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Ghanaian royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Kenyan royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Kenyan royal family]]
* [[Senusiyya|Lybian royal family]]
* [[Senusiyya|Libyan royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Malawian royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Malawian royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Mauritian royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Mauritian royal family]]
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* [[Konbaung dynasty|Burmese royal family]]
* [[Konbaung dynasty|Burmese royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) royal family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) royal family]]
* [[Aisin Gioro|Chinese imperial family]]
* [[Chinese imperial family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Indian imperial family]]
* [[Commonwealth realm#Former realms and dominions|Indian imperial family]]
** [[Gaekwad dynasty|Baroda royal family]]
** [[Gaekwad dynasty|Baroda royal family]]
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* [[House of Habsburg|Croatian royal family]]
* [[House of Habsburg|Croatian royal family]]
* [[House of Hesse|Finnish royal family]]
* [[House of Hesse|Finnish royal family]]
⚫
* [[Georgian royal family]]
* [[House of Bonaparte|French imperial family]]
* [[House of Bonaparte|French imperial family]]
⚫
* [[Georgian royal family]]
* [[House of Hohenzollern#Brandenburg-Prussian branch since 1918 abdication|German imperial family]]
* [[House of Hohenzollern#Brandenburg-Prussian branch since 1918 abdication|German imperial family]]
** [[House of Wittelsbach|Bavarian royal family]]
** [[House of Wittelsbach|Bavarian royal family]]
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** [[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]]
** [[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]]
** [[Kushan Empire|Kushan dynasty]]
** [[Kushan Empire|Kushan dynasty]]
**[[Oiniwar dynasty]] ([[Maithil Brahmin]]) royal family
** [[Mughal Empire|Mughal dynasty]]
** [[Mughal Empire|Mughal dynasty]]
** [[Peshwa|Peshwa dynasty]]
** [[Peshwa|Peshwa dynasty]]
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Abolition of monarchy|Abolished monarchy]]
* [[Abolition of monarchy|Abolished monarchy]]
* [[Babu (title)]]
* [[Born in the purple]]
* [[Born in the purple]]
* [[Chief of the Name]]
* [[Chief of the Name]]
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* [[Princeps]]
* [[Princeps]]
* [[Princess]]
* [[Princess]]
* [[Rai (title)]]
* [[Raja]]
* [[Raja]]
* [[Rana (title)]]
* [[Rana (title)]]

Latest revision as of 23:45, 22 August 2024

This article is about the monarchy-related concept. For other uses, see Royal family (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Royal household.

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A royal family is the immediate family of kings/queens, emirs/emiras, sultans/sultanas, or raja/rani and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.[1]

As of 2021, while there are several European countries whose nominal head of state, by long tradition, is a king or queen, the associated royal families, with the notable exception of the British royal family, are non-notable ordinary citizens who may bear a title but are not involved in public affairs.[2]

Members of a royal family

The Royal Family of France in classical costume during the reign of Louis XIV.

A royal family typically includes the spouse of the reigning monarch, surviving spouses of a deceased monarch, the children, grandchildren, brothers, sisters, and paternal cousins of the reigning monarch, as well as their spouses. In some cases, royal family membership may extend to great grandchildren and more distant descendants of a monarch. In certain monarchies where voluntary abdication is the norm, such as the Netherlands, a royal family may also include one or more former monarchs. In certain instances, such as in Canada, the royal family is defined by who holds the styles Majesty and Royal Highness.[3] There is often a distinction between persons of the blood royal and those that marry into the royal family. Under most systems, only persons in the first category are dynasts, that is, potential successors to the throne (unless the member of the latter category is also in line to the throne in their own right, a frequent occurrence in royal families which frequently intermarry). This is not always observed; some monarchies have operated by the principle of jure uxoris.

In addition, certain relatives of the monarch (by blood or marriage) possess special privileges and are subject to certain statutes, conventions, or special common law. The precise functions of a royal family vary depending on whether the polity in question is an absolute monarchy, a constitutional monarchy, or somewhere in between. In certain monarchies, such as that found in Saudi Arabia or Kuwait, or in political systems where the monarch actually exercises executive power, such as in Jordan, it is not uncommon for the members of a royal family to hold important government posts or military commands. In most constitutional monarchies, however, members of a royal family perform certain public, social, or ceremonial functions, but refrain from any involvement in electoral politics or the actual governance of the country.

The specific composition of royal families varies from country to country, as do the titles and royal and noble styles held by members of the family. The composition of the royal family may be regulated by statute enacted by the legislature (e.g., Spain, the Netherlands, and Japan since 1947), the sovereign's prerogative and common law tradition (e.g., the United Kingdom), or a private house law (e.g., Liechtenstein, the former ruling houses of Bavaria, Prussia, Hanover, etc.). Public statutes, constitutional provisions, or conventions may also regulate the marriages, names, and personal titles of royal family members. The members of a royal family may or may not have a surname or dynastic name (see Royal House).

In a constitutional monarchy, when the monarch dies, there is always a law or tradition of succession to the throne that either specifies a formula for identifying the precise order of succession among family members in line to the throne or specifies a process by which a family member is chosen to inherit the crown. Usually in the former case the exact line of hereditary succession among royal individuals may be identified at any given moment during prior reigns (e.g. United Kingdom, Sark, Nizari Ismailis, Japan, Balobedus, Sweden, Kingdom of Benin) whereas in the latter case the next sovereign may be selected (or changed) only during the reign or shortly after the demise of the immediately preceding monarch (e.g. Cambodia, KwaZulu Natal, Buganda, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, Yorubaland, The Kingitanga). Some monarchies employ a mix of these selection processes (Malaysia, Monaco, Tonga, Jordan, Morocco), providing for both an identifiable line of succession as well as authority for the monarch, dynasty or other institution to alter the line in specific instances without changing the general law of succession.

Some countries have abolished royalty altogether, as in post-revolutionary France (1870), post-revolutionary Russia (1917), Portugal (1910), post-war Germany (1918), post-war Italy (1946) and many ex European colonies.

Current royal families

Part of a series on
Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in West, Central, South Asia and North Africa

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Deposed royal families

Africa

Middle East

Asia

Europe

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Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and other members of the Brazilian imperial family in Rio de Janeiro, 1887

Mediatised princely families

Whilst mediatization occurred in other countries such as France, Italy and Russia, only the certain houses within the former Holy Roman Empire are collectively called the Mediatized Houses.

Dynasties

Main article: List of dynasties

See also

References

  1. ^ Meet the world's other 25 royal families
  2. ^ Jenkins, Simon (13 March 2021). "Britain's royal family is an accident waiting to happen. Prince Charles should dismantle it". The Guardian.
  3. ^ "Department of National Defence: The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces; pg 281" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
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