NGC 188: Difference between revisions

NGC 188
NGC 188
	NGC 188
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Right ascension	00h 48m 26s
Declination	+85° 15.3′
Distance	5,400 ly (1.66 kpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	10.0
Apparent dimensions (V)	15′
Physical characteristics
Radius	11.8 ly
Estimated age	6.8 billion years
	One of the oldest known open clusters
Other designations	Caldwell 1, Cr 6, Mel 2
Associations
Constellation	Cepheus
	See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

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NGC 188 (also known as Caldwell 1 or the Polarissima Cluster^[5]) is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1825. Unlike most open clusters that drift apart after a few million years because of the gravitational interaction of our Milky Way galaxy, NGC 188 lies far above the plane of the galaxy and is one of the most ancient of open clusters known, at approximately 6.8 billion years old.^[4]

NGC 188 is very close to the North Celestial Pole, under five degrees away, and in the constellation of Cepheus at an estimated 5,000 light-years' distance, this puts it slightly above the Milky Way's disc and further from the center of the galaxy than the Sun.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "NGC 188". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
^ Bonatto, C.; Bica, E.; Santos, J. F. C. Jr. (2005). "Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (3): 917–929. arXiv:astro-ph/0502453. Bibcode:2005A&A...433..917B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041113.
^ Clark, R. N. (1990). Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky. Cambridge University Press. p. 287. Bibcode:1990vads.book.....C. ISBN 978-0-521-36155-2.
^ ^a ^b VandenBerg, D. A.; Stetson, P. B. (2004). "On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 116 (825): 997–1011. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..997V. doi:10.1086/426340.
^ Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.

External links

Media related to NGC 188 at Wikimedia Commons
NGC 188 at SEDS NGC objects pages
NGC 188 at NightSkyInfo.com
NGC 188 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
NGC 188 at the SIMBAD Astronomical Database.

Ids - Bibliography - Image - B&W Image.

[simbad-1] "NGC 188". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-12-08.

[2] Bonatto, C.; Bica, E.; Santos, J. F. C. Jr. (2005). "Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (3): 917–929. arXiv:astro-ph/0502453. Bibcode:2005A&A...433..917B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041113.

[3] Clark, R. N. (1990). Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky. Cambridge University Press. p. 287. Bibcode:1990vads.book.....C. ISBN 978-0-521-36155-2.

[VandenBerg-4] VandenBerg, D. A.; Stetson, P. B. (2004). "On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 116 (825): 997–1011. Bibcode:2004PASP..116..997V. doi:10.1086/426340.

[interstellarum-5] Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Open cluster in the constellation Cepheus}}
 {{Infobox cluster
 | name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 188
-| image = [[Image:NGC 188.jpg|300px]]
+| image = File:C1 = NGC 188.jpg
+| image_size = 280px
 | caption = NGC 188
 | credit =
 | class = Open Cluster
 | epoch = [[J2000]]
-| ra = {{RA|00|48|26}}<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad |title=NGC 188 |accessdate=2006-12-08}}</ref>
+| ra = {{RA|00|48|26}}<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad |title=NGC 188 |access-date=2006-12-08}}</ref>
 | dec = {{DEC|+85|15.3}}<ref name="simbad" />
 | dist_ly = 5,400 ly<ref>
@@ Line 12: / Line 14: @@
  |last1=Bonatto |first1=C.
  |last2=Bica |first2=E.
- |last3=Santos |first3=J. F. C., Jr.
+ |last3=Santos |first3=J. F. C. Jr.
  |year=2005
  |title=Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188
@@ Line 19: / Line 21: @@
  |arxiv=astro-ph/0502453
  |bibcode=2005A&A...433..917B
+ |bibcode-access=free
  |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041113
+ |doi-access=free
 }}</ref>
-| dist_pc = 1.66 kpc
+| dist_pc = {{val|1.66|ul=kpc}}
-| appmag_v = 10.0 <ref>
+| appmag_v = 10.0<ref>
 {{cite book
  |last=Clark |first=R. N.
@@ Line 28: / Line 32: @@
  |title=Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky
  |page=287
- |publisher=
+ |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
+ |bibcode=1990vads.book.....C
- |isbn=0521361559
+ |isbn=978-0-521-36155-2
 }}</ref>
-| size_v = 15&prime;
+| size_v = {{val|15|ul='}}
-| radius_ly = unknown
+| radius_ly = {{val|11.8|ul=ly}}
 | absmag_v = Unknown
 | constellation = [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]]
+| notes = One of the oldest known [[open cluster]]s
-| notes =
-| names = Cl Melotte 2,<ref name="simbad" /> [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell]]&nbsp;1
+| names = [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell]] 1, [[Collinder catalogue|Cr]] 6, [[Philibert Jacques Melotte|Mel]] 2<ref name="simbad" />
+|age=6.8 billion years<ref name="VandenBerg" />
 }}
+[[File:Open cluster HR diagram ages.PNG|thumb|left|[[HR diagram]] showing the [[main sequence turnoff]] of NGC 188 and [[Messier 67|M&nbsp;67]], indicating their relatively high ages]]
-''' NGC 188''' is an [[open cluster]] in the constellation [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]]. It was discovered by [[John Herschel]] in 1825.
+''' NGC 188''' (also known as '''Caldwell 1''' or the '''Polarissima Cluster'''<ref name="interstellarum">{{cite book|last1=Stoyan|first1=Ronald|last2=Schurig|first2=Stephan|title=interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas|publisher=Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH|publication-place=Erlangen|date=2014|isbn=978-1-107-50338-0|oclc=920437579|url=http://www.deep-sky-atlas.com/}}</ref>) is an [[open cluster]] in the constellation [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]]. It was discovered by [[John Herschel]] in 1825.
-Unlike most open clusters that drift apart after a few million years because of the gravitational interaction of our galaxy, NGC 188 lies far above the plane of the galaxy and is one of the most ancient of open clusters known, at approximately 6.8 billion years old.<ref>
+Unlike most open clusters that drift apart after a few million years because of the gravitational interaction of our [[Milky Way]] galaxy, NGC 188 lies far above the plane of the galaxy and is one of the most ancient of open clusters known, at approximately 6.8 billion years old.<ref name="VandenBerg">
 {{cite journal
- |last=VandenBerg |first=D. A.
+ |last1=VandenBerg |first1=D. A.
  |last2=Stetson |first2=P. B.
  |year=2004
- |title=On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color‐Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages
+ |title=On the Old Open Clusters M67 and NGC 188: Convective Core Overshooting, Color-Temperature Relations, Distances, and Ages
- |url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/426340/pdf
  |journal=[[Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific]]
  |volume=116 |issue=825 |pages=997–1011
  |bibcode=2004PASP..116..997V
+ |bibcode-access=free
  |doi=10.1086/426340
+ |doi-access=free
-}}</ref> NGC 188 is very close to the North Celestial Pole, under five degrees away, and in the constellation of Cepheus at an estimated 5,000 light year distance, this puts it slightly above the Milky Way's disc and further from the center of the galaxy than the Sun.
+}}</ref>
+NGC 188 is very close to the [[Celestial pole|North Celestial Pole]], under five degrees away, and in the constellation of Cepheus at an estimated 5,000 [[light-year]]s' distance, this puts it slightly above the Milky Way's disc and further from the center of the galaxy than the [[Sun]].
+{{clear left}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
+* {{commonscat-inline}}
 * [http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0188.html NGC 188] at SEDS NGC objects pages
 * [http://www.nightskyinfo.com/archive/ngc188/ NGC 188] at NightSkyInfo.com
@@ Line 63: / Line 73: @@
 * {{CelestialRefEx}}
-{{Sky|00|48|26|+|85|15|18|6677}}
+{{Sky|00|48|26|+|85|15|18|6677}}
 {{Catalogs|NGC=188|C=1}}
 {{Caldwell catalogue}}
 {{Ngc5}}
+{{Cepheus (constellation)}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 0188}}
@@ Line 74: / Line 85: @@
 [[Category:NGC objects|0188]]
 [[Category:Caldwell objects|001b]]
+[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1825]]
-{{Star-cluster-stub}}

v t e Astronomical catalogs
NGC	NGC 183 NGC 184 NGC 185 NGC 186 NGC 187 NGC 188 NGC 189 NGC 190 NGC 191 NGC 192 NGC 193
Caldwell	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10

v t e Caldwell catalogue
List	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 C47 C48 C49 C50 C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 C57 C58 C59 C60 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 C67 C68 C69 C70 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 C76 C77 C78 C79 C80 C81 C82 C83 C84 C85 C86 C87 C88 C89 C90 C91 C92 C93 C94 C95 C96 C97 C98 C99 C100 C101 C102 C103 C104 C105 C106 C107 C108 C109
See also	Messier Catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars New General Catalogue Index Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue Herschel 400 Catalogue
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