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{{short description|German World War II fighter pilot}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name=Armin Faber
|name=Armin Faber
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|image=Fw 190A-3 JG 2 in Britain 1942.jpg
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|caption=Faber's Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3 of III/JG 2 at RAF Pembrey, June 1942
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|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|branch={{Luftwaffe}}
|branch=[[Luftwaffe]]
|serviceyears=1940–45
|serviceyears=1940–1942
|rank=[[Oberleutnant]] (''Wehrmacht'')
|rank=[[Oberleutnant]] (''Wehrmacht'')
|commands=
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[[Oberleutnant]] '''Armin Faber''' was a German ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' pilot in [[World War II]] who mistook the [[Bristol Channel]] for the [[English Channel]] and landed his [[Focke-Wulf 190]] (Fw 190) intact at [[RAF Pembrey]] in south Wales. His plane was the first Fw 190 to be captured by [[Allies of World War II|the Allies]] and was tested to reveal any weaknesses that could be exploited.<ref>[http://www.pembreyairport.com/?page=history Pembrey Airfield History]</ref>
''[[Oberleutnant]]'' '''Armin Faber''' was a German ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' pilot in [[World War II]] who mistook the [[Bristol Channel]] for the [[English Channel]] and landed his [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]] (Fw 190) intact at [[RAF Pembrey]] in South Wales. His plane was the first Fw 190 to be captured by [[Allies of World War II|the Allies]] and was tested to reveal any weaknesses that could be exploited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pembrey Airport – Charter flights throughout UK and Europe|url=http://www.pembreyairport.com/?page=history|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.pembreyairport.com|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305080123/http://www.pembreyairport.com/?page=history|url-status=live}}</ref>


==23 June 1942==
==23 June 1942==
{{refimprove|date=June 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2014}}
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In June 1942, ''Oberleutnant'' (highest lieutenant officer rank) Armin Faber was ''Gruppen-Adjutant'' (performing administrative and personnel paperwork duties as well as flight duties) to the commander of the III fighter ''Gruppe'' of ''[[Jagdgeschwader 2]]'' (JG 2, Second Fighter [[Wing (military aviation unit)|Wing]]) based in [[Morlaix]] in [[Brittany]]. On 23 June, he was given special permission to fly a combat mission with 7th ''Staffel'' (squadron) The unit operated Focke-Wulf 190 fighters.
In June 1942, ''Oberleutnant'' Armin Faber was ''Gruppen-Adjutant'' (performing administrative and personnel paperwork duties as well as flight duties) to the commander of the III fighter ''Gruppe'' of ''[[Jagdgeschwader 2]]'' (JG 2, Second Fighter [[Wing (military aviation unit)|Wing]]) based in [[Morlaix]] in [[Brittany]]. On 23 June, he was given special permission to fly a combat mission with 7th ''Staffel''; a unit that flew Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters.
⚫
[[File:Fw 190A-3 JG 2 in Britain 1942.jpg|thumb|right|Faber's Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3 of III/JG 2 at RAF Pembrey, June 1942]]


The Fw 190 had only recently arrived with front line units at this time and its superior performance had caused the Allies so many problems that they were considering mounting a [[Jeffrey Quill#No. 12 Commando and .27Operation Airthief.27|commando raid]] on a French airfield to capture one for evaluation.
The Fw 190 had only recently arrived with front line units at this time and its superior performance had caused the Allies so many problems that they were considering mounting a [[Jeffrey Quill#No. 12 Commando and .27Operation Airthief.27|commando raid]] on a French airfield to capture one for evaluation.


7th ''Staffel'' (squadron) was scrambled to intercept a force of six [[Douglas A-20 Havoc|Bostons]] [[light bombers]] returning from a bombing mission; the Bostons were escorted by three Czechoslovak-manned RAF squadrons, [[No. 310 Squadron RAF|310 Squadron]], [[No. 312 Squadron RAF|312 Squadron]] and [[No. 313 Squadron RAF|313 Squadron]] commanded by [[Alois Vašátko]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Andy|author-link1=Andy Saunders (author)|title=Arrival of Eagles : Luftwaffe Landings in Britain 1939-1945|date=19 Oct 2014|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|isbn=1909808121|pages=99–102}}</ref> All the Bostons returned safely while a fight developed over the English Channel with the escorting Spitfires, which resulted in the loss of two Fw 190s and seven Spitfires, including that of Alois Vašátko, who was killed when he collided with an Fw 190 (the German pilot bailed out and was captured).<ref name="owen286">Owen (2015), ''p.286''</ref>
7th ''Staffel'' was scrambled to intercept a force of six [[Douglas A-20 Havoc|Boston]] [[light bombers]] returning from a bombing mission; the Bostons were escorted by three Czechoslovak-manned RAF squadrons, [[No. 310 Squadron RAF|310 Squadron]], [[No. 312 Squadron RAF|312 Squadron]] and [[No. 313 Squadron RAF|313 Squadron]] commanded by [[Alois Vašátko]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Andy|author-link1=Andy Saunders (author)|title=Arrival of Eagles : Luftwaffe Landings in Britain 19391945|date=19 Oct 2014|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|isbn=978-1909808126|pages=99–102}}</ref> All the Bostons returned safely while a fight developed over the English Channel with the escorting Spitfires, which resulted in the loss of two Fw 190s and seven Spitfires, including that of [[Alois Vašátko]], who was killed when he collided with an Fw 190 (the German pilot bailed out and was captured).<ref name="owen286">Owen (2015), p. 286</ref>


During the combat, Faber became disoriented and separated from the other German aircraft. He was attacked by Sergeant {{ill|František Trejtnar|cs}} of 310 Squadron. In his efforts to shake off the Spitfire, Faber flew north over [[Exeter]] in Devon. After much high-speed manoeuvring, Faber, with only one cannon working, pulled an [[Immelmann turn]] into the sun and shot down his pursuer in a head-on attack.<ref name="owen286" />
During the combat, Faber became disoriented and separated from the other German aircraft. He was attacked by Sergeant {{Interlanguage link|František Trejtnar|cs}} of 310 Squadron. In his efforts to shake off the Spitfire, Faber flew north over [[Exeter]] in Devon. After much high-speed manoeuvring, Faber, with only one cannon working, pulled an [[Immelmann turn]] into the sun and shot down his pursuer in a head-on attack.<ref name="owen286" />


Trejtnar bailed out safely, although he had a shrapnel wound in his arm and sustained a broken leg on landing; his Spitfire crashed near the village of [[Black Dog, Devon]].<ref name="FlypastArticle" /> Meanwhile, the disorientated Faber now mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel and flew north instead of south. Thinking South Wales was France, he turned towards the nearest airfield - [[RAF Pembrey]]. Observers on the ground could not believe their eyes as Faber waggled his wings in a victory celebration, lowered the Focke-Wulf's undercarriage and landed.<ref>[http://www.svazletcu.cz/en/texts-and-essays/trejtnar-vs-faber-jun-23-1942 Trejtnar vs Faber Jun 23 1942]</ref>
Trejtnar bailed out safely, although he had a shrapnel wound in his arm and sustained a broken leg on landing; his Spitfire crashed near the village of [[Black Dog, Devon]].<ref name="FlypastArticle" /> Meanwhile, the disoriented Faber now mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel and flew north instead of south. Thinking South Wales was France, he turned towards the nearest airfield{{Snd}}[[RAF Pembrey]]. Observers on the ground could not believe their eyes as Faber waggled his wings in a victory celebration, lowered the Focke-Wulf's undercarriage and landed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trejtnar vs Faber Jun 23 1942 – Letci Plumlov z.s.|url=http://www.svazletcu.cz/en/texts-and-essays/trejtnar-vs-faber-jun-23-1942|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.svazletcu.cz|archive-date=2018-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814232639/http://www.svazletcu.cz/en/texts-and-essays/trejtnar-vs-faber-jun-23-1942|url-status=live}}</ref>


The Pembrey Duty Pilot, Sergeant Jeffreys, identified the aircraft as German while it was landing and he ordered his men to signal it to park in the dispersal area. As the Fw 190 slowed, he jumped onto its wing and took Faber prisoner with a [[flare gun]] (as Pembrey was a training station, Jeffreys had no other weapon to hand).<ref name="owen287">Owen (2015), ''p.287''</ref>
The Pembrey duty pilot, Sergeant Jeffreys, identified the aircraft as German while it was landing and he ordered his men to signal it to park in the dispersal area. As the Fw 190 slowed, he jumped onto its wing and took Faber prisoner with a [[flare gun]]; as Pembrey was a training station, Jeffreys had no other weapon to hand.<ref name="owen287">Owen (2015), p .287</ref> Faber was "so despondent that he attempted suicide" unsuccessfully.<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Warfare History|date=2017-08-10|title=Nazi Germany's Focke-Wulf FW-190: The Best Fighter Aircraft of World War II?|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/nazi-germanys-focke-wulf-fw-190-the-best-fighter-aircraft-21861|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The National Interest|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511130053/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/nazi-germanys-focke-wulf-fw-190-the-best-fighter-aircraft-21861|url-status=live}}</ref>


Faber was later driven to [[RAF Fairwood Common]] for interrogation under the escort of Group Captain [[David Atcherley]] (twin brother of [[Richard Atcherley]]). Atcherley, fearful of an escape attempt, aimed his revolver at Faber for the entire journey. At one point the car hit a pothole, causing the weapon to fire; the shot only narrowly missed Faber.<ref name="owen288">Owen (2015), ''p.288''</ref>
Faber was later driven to [[RAF Fairwood Common]] for interrogation under the escort of Group Captain [[David Atcherley]]. Atcherley, fearful of an escape attempt, aimed his revolver at Faber for the entire journey. At one point the car hit a pothole, causing the weapon to fire; the shot only narrowly missed Faber.<ref name="owen288">Owen (2015), p. 288</ref>


As a [[prisoner of war]], Faber was sent to [[Canada]] where he attempted to escape from the prisoner camp. He was repatriated just before the end of the war due to ill health.<ref>{{Cite web|last=fcafa|date=2011-10-26|title=Unintentional Gift|url=https://fcafa.com/2011/10/26/unintentional-gift/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Free Czechoslovak Air Force|language=en|archive-date=2018-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826070612/https://fcafa.com/2011/10/26/unintentional-gift/|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
==Focke-Wulf 190A-3==

⚫
[[File:A captured Focke Wulf Fw 190A-3 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with the RAE's chief test pilot, Wing Commander H J "Willie" Wilson at the controls, August 1942. CH6411.jpg|thumb|Faber's captured Focke Wulf Fw 190A-3 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with the RAE's chief test pilot, [[Hugh Wilson (RAF officer)|Wing Commander H J "Willie" Wilson]] at the controls, August 1942.]]
⚫
==Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3==
⚫
[[File:A captured Focke Wulf Fw 190A-3 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with the RAE's chief test pilot, Wing Commander H J "Willie" Wilson at the controls, August 1942. CH6411.jpg|thumb|Faber's captured Focke Wulf Fw 190A-3 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with the RAE's chief test pilot, [[Hugh Wilson (RAF officer)|Wing Commander H. J. "Willie" Wilson]] at the controls, August 1942]]
Faber's plane was a Fw 190A-3 with the ''Werknummer'' 313. It was the only Fw 190 fighter to be captured intact by the Allies during the war. All other captured Fw 190s were either of the long-range bomber or fighter-bomber types.
Faber's plane was a Fw 190A-3 with the ''Werknummer'' 313. It was the only Fw 190 fighter to be captured intact by the Allies during the war. All other captured Fw 190s were either of the long-range bomber or fighter-bomber types.


[[Group Captain]] [[Hugh Wilson (RAF officer)|Hugh Wilson]], the pilot mainly responsible for test flying captured enemy aircraft, was asked to fly ''313'' from RAF Pembrey to RAF Farnborough under the guarantee not to crash. This was an impossible guarantee to give, so the aircraft was dismantled and transported via lorry instead.
[[Group Captain]] [[Hugh Wilson (RAF officer)|Hugh Wilson]], the pilot mainly responsible for test flying captured enemy aircraft, was asked to fly ''313'' from RAF Pembrey to RAF Farnborough under the guarantee not to crash. This was an impossible guarantee to give, so the aircraft was dismantled and transported via lorry instead.<ref name="nationalinterest.org"/>


At Farnborough, the Fw 190 was repainted in RAF colours and given the RAF serial number ''MP499'' and a 'P' for prototype. Testing and evaluation commenced on 3 July 1942 at the [[Royal Aircraft Establishment]] (RAE) at [[RAF Farnborough]]. Roughly nine flying hours were recorded, providing the Allies with extremely valuable intelligence.
At Farnborough, the Fw 190 was repainted in RAF colours and given the RAF serial number ''MP499'' and a 'P' for prototype. Testing and evaluation commenced on 3 July 1942 at the [[Royal Aircraft Establishment]] (RAE) at [[RAF Farnborough]]. Roughly nine flying hours were recorded, providing the Allies with extremely valuable intelligence.


After 10 days it was transferred to the [[Air Fighting Development Unit]] at [[RAF Duxford]] for tactical assessment, where it was flown in mock combat trials against the new [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire Mk.IX]], providing the RAF with methods to best fight the Fw 190A with their new fighter. The Fw 190 was then transferred to [[No. 1426 Flight RAF|No. 1426 (Enemy Aircraft) Flight]], before it was finally ''struck off charge'' (removed from service) on 18 September 1943.<ref>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205196920 THE FOCKE WULF FW 190]</ref>
After ten days it was transferred to the [[Air Fighting Development Unit]] at [[RAF Duxford]] for tactical assessment, where it was flown in mock combat trials against the new [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire Mk.IX]], providing the RAF with methods to best fight the Fw 190A with their new fighter. The Fw 190 was then transferred to [[No. 1426 Flight RAF|No. 1426 (Enemy Aircraft) Flight]]. The Fw 190 was flown 29 times between 3 July 1942 and 29 January 1943.<ref name="Weal">{{cite book|last=Weal|first=John|title=Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front|year=2012|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Great Britain|isbn=9781855325951|page=25}}</ref> It was then partially dismantled and tests were carried out on its engine's performance at Farnborough.<ref name="Weal" /> It was ''struck off charge'' on 18 September 1943<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE FOCKE WULF FW 190.|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205196920|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Imperial War Museums|language=en}}</ref> and scrapped.<ref name="Weal" />

The Fw 190 was flown 29 times between 3 July 1942 and 29 January 1943.<ref name="Weal">{{cite book|last=Weal|first=John|title=Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front|year=2012|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Great Britain|isbn=9781855325951|page=25}}</ref> It was then partially dismantled and tests done on engine performance at Farnborough.<ref name="Weal" /> It was struck off charge and scrapped in late September 1943.<ref name="Weal" />


==Surviving relics==
==Surviving relics==
The [[Shoreham Aircraft Museum]] displays the armoured-glass windscreen of Faber's Fw 190, together with part of its control panel. The museum also holds some wreckage fragments of František Trejtnar's Spitfire. In 1991, Armin Faber visited the museum and presented it with his officer's dagger and pilot's badge.<ref name="FlypastArticle">{{cite web | url=http://fcafa.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/unintentional-gift/ | title=Unintentional Gift | publisher=Free Czechoslovak Air Force | date=26 October 2011 | accessdate=26 August 2013}}</ref> The quick release buckle of the parachute František Trejtnar used that day is owned by an aviation-themed cafe at The Moravian Museum in [[Brno]], in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircafe-brno.com/exhibits-3 |title=Exhibits |publisher=Air cafe, Brno |accessdate=26 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060111/http://www.aircafe-brno.com/exhibits-3 |archivedate=21 September 2013 }}</ref>
The [[Shoreham Aircraft Museum]] displays the armoured-glass windscreen of Faber's Fw 190, together with part of its control panel. The museum also holds some wreckage fragments of František Trejtnar's Spitfire. In 1991, Armin Faber visited the museum and presented it with his officer's dagger and pilot's badge.<ref name="FlypastArticle">{{cite web | url=http://fcafa.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/unintentional-gift/ | title=Unintentional Gift | publisher=Free Czechoslovak Air Force | date=26 October 2011 | accessdate=26 August 2013 | archive-date=21 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055903/http://fcafa.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/unintentional-gift/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The quick release buckle of the parachute František Trejtnar used that day is owned by an aviation-themed cafe at The Moravian Museum in [[Brno]], in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircafe-brno.com/exhibits-3 |title=Exhibits |publisher=Air cafe, Brno |accessdate=26 August 2013 |url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060111/http://www.aircafe-brno.com/exhibits-3 |archivedate=21 September 2013 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Herbert Schmid]], deliberately landed a [[Junkers Ju 88]] in May 1943 in Scotland


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 02:44, 24 August 2024

Armin Faber
Faber's Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3 of III/JG 2 at RAF Pembrey, June 1942
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
Years of service1940–1942
RankOberleutnant (Wehrmacht)
UnitJagdgeschwader 2
Battles / warsWorld War II

Oberleutnant Armin Faber was a German Luftwaffe pilot in World War II who mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel and landed his Focke-Wulf Fw 190 (Fw 190) intact at RAF Pembrey in South Wales. His plane was the first Fw 190 to be captured by the Allies and was tested to reveal any weaknesses that could be exploited.[1]

23 June 1942

[edit]
Armin Faber is located in Channel Islands
Morlaix
Morlaix
Black Dog
Black Dog
RAF Pembrey
RAF Pembrey
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Location Map

In June 1942, Oberleutnant Armin Faber was Gruppen-Adjutant (performing administrative and personnel paperwork duties as well as flight duties) to the commander of the III fighter Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2, Second Fighter Wing) based in Morlaix in Brittany. On 23 June, he was given special permission to fly a combat mission with 7th Staffel; a unit that flew Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters.

The Fw 190 had only recently arrived with front line units at this time and its superior performance had caused the Allies so many problems that they were considering mounting a commando raid on a French airfield to capture one for evaluation.

7th Staffel was scrambled to intercept a force of six Boston light bombers returning from a bombing mission; the Bostons were escorted by three Czechoslovak-manned RAF squadrons, 310 Squadron, 312 Squadron and 313 Squadron commanded by Alois Vašátko.[2] All the Bostons returned safely while a fight developed over the English Channel with the escorting Spitfires, which resulted in the loss of two Fw 190s and seven Spitfires, including that of Alois Vašátko, who was killed when he collided with an Fw 190 (the German pilot bailed out and was captured).[3]

During the combat, Faber became disoriented and separated from the other German aircraft. He was attacked by Sergeant František Trejtnar [cs] of 310 Squadron. In his efforts to shake off the Spitfire, Faber flew north over Exeter in Devon. After much high-speed manoeuvring, Faber, with only one cannon working, pulled an Immelmann turn into the sun and shot down his pursuer in a head-on attack.[3]

Trejtnar bailed out safely, although he had a shrapnel wound in his arm and sustained a broken leg on landing; his Spitfire crashed near the village of Black Dog, Devon.[4] Meanwhile, the disoriented Faber now mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel and flew north instead of south. Thinking South Wales was France, he turned towards the nearest airfield – RAF Pembrey. Observers on the ground could not believe their eyes as Faber waggled his wings in a victory celebration, lowered the Focke-Wulf's undercarriage and landed.[5]

The Pembrey duty pilot, Sergeant Jeffreys, identified the aircraft as German while it was landing and he ordered his men to signal it to park in the dispersal area. As the Fw 190 slowed, he jumped onto its wing and took Faber prisoner with a flare gun; as Pembrey was a training station, Jeffreys had no other weapon to hand.[6] Faber was "so despondent that he attempted suicide" unsuccessfully.[7]

Faber was later driven to RAF Fairwood Common for interrogation under the escort of Group Captain David Atcherley. Atcherley, fearful of an escape attempt, aimed his revolver at Faber for the entire journey. At one point the car hit a pothole, causing the weapon to fire; the shot only narrowly missed Faber.[8]

As a prisoner of war, Faber was sent to Canada where he attempted to escape from the prisoner camp. He was repatriated just before the end of the war due to ill health.[9]

Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3

[edit]
Faber's captured Focke Wulf Fw 190A-3 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with the RAE's chief test pilot, Wing Commander H. J. "Willie" Wilson at the controls, August 1942

Faber's plane was a Fw 190A-3 with the Werknummer 313. It was the only Fw 190 fighter to be captured intact by the Allies during the war. All other captured Fw 190s were either of the long-range bomber or fighter-bomber types.

Group Captain Hugh Wilson, the pilot mainly responsible for test flying captured enemy aircraft, was asked to fly 313 from RAF Pembrey to RAF Farnborough under the guarantee not to crash. This was an impossible guarantee to give, so the aircraft was dismantled and transported via lorry instead.[7]

At Farnborough, the Fw 190 was repainted in RAF colours and given the RAF serial number MP499 and a 'P' for prototype. Testing and evaluation commenced on 3 July 1942 at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at RAF Farnborough. Roughly nine flying hours were recorded, providing the Allies with extremely valuable intelligence.

After ten days it was transferred to the Air Fighting Development Unit at RAF Duxford for tactical assessment, where it was flown in mock combat trials against the new Spitfire Mk.IX, providing the RAF with methods to best fight the Fw 190A with their new fighter. The Fw 190 was then transferred to No. 1426 (Enemy Aircraft) Flight. The Fw 190 was flown 29 times between 3 July 1942 and 29 January 1943.[10] It was then partially dismantled and tests were carried out on its engine's performance at Farnborough.[10] It was struck off charge on 18 September 1943[11] and scrapped.[10]

Surviving relics

[edit]

The Shoreham Aircraft Museum displays the armoured-glass windscreen of Faber's Fw 190, together with part of its control panel. The museum also holds some wreckage fragments of František Trejtnar's Spitfire. In 1991, Armin Faber visited the museum and presented it with his officer's dagger and pilot's badge.[4] The quick release buckle of the parachute František Trejtnar used that day is owned by an aviation-themed cafe at The Moravian Museum in Brno, in the Czech Republic.[12]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Pembrey Airport – Charter flights throughout UK and Europe". www.pembreyairport.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  2. ^ Saunders, Andy (19 Oct 2014). Arrival of Eagles : Luftwaffe Landings in Britain 19391945. London: Grub Street. pp. 99–102. ISBN 978-1909808126.
  3. ^ a b Owen (2015), p. 286
  4. ^ a b "Unintentional Gift". Free Czechoslovak Air Force. 26 October 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  5. ^ "Trejtnar vs Faber Jun 23 1942 – Letci Plumlov z.s." www.svazletcu.cz. Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  6. ^ Owen (2015), p .287
  7. ^ a b Network, Warfare History (2017-08-10). "Nazi Germany's Focke-Wulf FW-190: The Best Fighter Aircraft of World War II?". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  8. ^ Owen (2015), p. 288
  9. ^ fcafa (2011-10-26). "Unintentional Gift". Free Czechoslovak Air Force. Archived from the original on 2018-08-26. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  10. ^ a b c Weal, John (2012). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 9781855325951.
  11. ^ "THE FOCKE WULF FW 190". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  12. ^ "Exhibits". Air cafe, Brno. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
Bibliography
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