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{{short description|Spanish soldier}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox Officeholder
| name = Pedro Benedit Horruytiner
| name = Pedro Benedit Horruytiner
| image =
| image =
| order = [[Royal Governor of La Florida|Governor of La Florida]]
| order = [[Royal Governor of La Florida]]
| office =
| office =
| term_start1 = 11 April 1646
| term_start1 = 11 April 1646
| term_end1 = 8 January 1648
| term_end1 = 8 January 1648
| predecessor1 = [[Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla]]
| predecessor1 = [[Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla]]
| successor1 = Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla
| successor1 = Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla
| term_start2 = 19 October 1651
| term_start2 = 19 October 1651
| term_end2 = 18 June 1654
| term_end2 = 18 June 1654
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
| predecessor2 = [[Nicolás Ponce de León]]
| predecessor2 = [[Nicolás Ponce de León]]
| successor2 = [[Diego de Rebolledo]]
| successor2 = [[Diego de Rebolledo]]
| birth_date ={{Birth-date|1613}}
| birth_date = {{Birth-date|1613}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place = [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]
| death_date = {{death-date|November 20, 1684}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|November 20, 1684|1613}}
| death_place =
| death_place = Florida
|profession = Military and Administrator (Governor of Florida)
| profession = Soldier and Administrator (Governor of Florida)
| nationality =
| nationality =
}}
}}
'''Pedro Benedit-Horruytiner y Catalán''' (1613 - November 20, 1684) was a Spanish military who served as the Acting Governor and [[accountant]] of [[Florida]] between 1646 and 1648, alongside [[Francisco Menendez Marquez]], and as Governor of same place between 1651 and 1654.
'''Pedro Benedit Horruytiner y Catalán''' (1613 – November 20, 1684) was a Spanish soldier who served as interim co-governor of [[Spanish Florida]] (''La Florida'') between 1646 and 1648, and as governor between 1651 and 1654. When governor [[Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla]] was suspended from office in 1646, acting royal ''contador'' (accountant or comptroller) Horruytiner and [[Francisco Menendez Marquez]] served as co-governors until Salazar Vallecilla was returned to office in 1648.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was born in [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]<ref name="Heragonesahurr">[http://www.redaragon.com/sociedad/heraldica/default.asp?accion=pagina&Heraldica_ID=261 Juan - Heráldica Aragonesa: Genealogía de Aragón y Pedro Benedit Horruytiner]</ref><ref name="Revista Hidalguía">Fantoni y Benedí, Rafael (May-August, 2003). [http://books.google.es/books?id=HC6dUda3x7sC&pg=PA516&lpg=PA516&dq=Benedit+Horruitiner+nace+en+Zaragoza&source=bl&ots=lU9FbZH-iD&sig=TVym2bMwDrZN6IDXvq74wGQ9f2Y&hl=es&sa=X&ei=PBHVU5fsNcSb0QW9yoHoCQ&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Benedit%20Horruitiner%20nace%20en%20Zaragoza&f=false. Revista Hidalguía] (in Spanish: Nobility magazine). Number 298-299. Pages 516 and 519. </ref> in 1613. He was son of Gilberto Benedit Horruytiner and Inés Catalán <ref name="Heragonesahurr"/> and brother of Micaela Benedit Horruytiner Aragón.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> He was a nephew of former [[Florida]] Gov. [[Luis de Horruytiner|Luis Benedit Horruitiner]].<ref name="Heragonesahurr"/> Pedro Benedit Horruytiner moved to [[Saint Augustine, Florida]] at a time prior to 11 April 1646.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> He started to serving the Spanish crown on December 10, 1635.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> So, he joined the [[Royal Spanish Navy]] when he was young, <ref name="Floridabibliografa">Santamaría García, Antonio (2011). [http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/53562/4/Florida%20bibliografa.pdf Florida en el siglo XVI. Bibliografía anotada] (in Spanish: Florida in the sixteenth century. annotated Bibliography). Page 3.</ref><ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> where he excelled, ascending to [[Lieutenant Colonel]]´s rank, military grade he exerted in the Fort of Saint Augustine.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/>
Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was born in [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]<ref name="Revista Hidalguía2003">{{cite book|title=Revista Hidalguía número 298-299. Año 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HC6dUda3x7sC&pg=PA516|series=298-299|year=2003|publisher=Ediciones Hidalguia|page=516|id=GGKEY:U29GGJGT4CY}}</ref> in 1613. He was the son of Gilberto Benedit Horruytiner and Inés Catalán, and the brother of Micaela Benedit Horruytiner Aragón. He was a nephew of the former governor of Florida, [[Luis de Horruytiner|Luis Benedit Horruitiner]].<ref name="Heragonesahurr">[http://www.redaragon.com/sociedad/heraldica/default.asp?accion=pagina&Heraldica_ID=261 Juan - Heráldica Aragonesa: Genealogía de Aragón y Pedro Benedit Horruytiner]</ref> Pedro Horruytiner joined the [[Spanish Army#Under the Habsburgs|Spanish Army]] as a youth on December 10, 1635. and gained the ranks of sergeant major ("[[sargento mayor]]") and [[lieutenant colonel]], which he held when he was appointed interim governor of Florida. Horruytiner moved to [[Saint Augustine, Florida|Saint Augustine]] the capital of Spanish Florida, on 11 April 1646.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía2003"/>

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was appointed acting governor of Florida in 11 April 1646.<ref name="worldstatesmen"> Ben Cohoon. [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_states_F-K.html U.S. States F-K].</ref>
Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was appointed acting co-governor of Florida on 11 April 1646.<ref name="Worth">{{cite web|author1=John Worth|title=The Governors of Colonial Florida, 1565-1821|url=http://uwf.edu/jworth/spanfla_govs.htm|publisher=University of West Florida|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130052929/http://uwf.edu/jworth/spanfla_govs.htm|archive-date=2016-01-30}}</ref>
On September 5, 1647, Horruytiner and [[Francisco Menendez Marquez]] issued an ultimatum to the [[Chisca]] Indians, who had attacked the Christianized [[Timucuan]] settlements,<ref name="Rajtar2009">{{cite book|author=Steve Rajtar|title=Indian War Sites: A Guidebook to Battlefields, Monuments, and Memorials, State by State with Canada and Mexico|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3cwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|date=19 November 2009|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-1042-9|page=60}}</ref> forcing them to choose within two months between their annihilation in Florida, or settlement in the towns of the Christian Timucua. Consequently, the Chisca chieftains agreed to settle their people in the Timucua mission settlements.

On September 5, 1647 Hurruytiner and [[Francisco Menendez Marquez]] set an ultimatum to [[Chisca]] Amerindians, considered as violents because of the attack on Christian Tumucuans, for which they should choose in two months between their execution in Florida, where they lived, or settle in the town of the Timucua Christians. Two months later, the Chiscas caciques were settled in the territory of this people.
In January of the same year, Horruytiner ordered Ensign Pedro de Florencia to search for the Indians who had been living in the missions of [[San Francisco de Potano]] and [[Santa Fé de Teleco]], fearing those places would be permanently depopulated. Although the expedition seems to have achieved its goal as the Spanish attempted to repopulate these settlements, their demographic decline continued.<ref name="Worth1998">{{cite book|author=John E. Worth|title=The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida: Resistance and destruction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRYBQtnEqQkC&pg=PA17|year=1998|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-1575-0|page=17}}</ref><ref name="Worth1992">{{cite web|author1=John E. Worth|title=Timucuan Missions of Spanish Florida and the Rebellion of 1656|url=https://archive.org/stream/timucuanmissions00wort#page/n171/mode/2up/search/Pedro+de+Florencia|website=archive.org|publisher=University of Florida|date=1992}}</ref>

In January that year, Hurruytiner ordered Ensign Pedro de Florencia to search for the people living in missions [[San Francisco de Potano]] and [[Santa Fé de Teleco]], because Hurruytiner had feared those places would be depopulated. {{#tag:ref|Although the expedition seems have achieved its goal, these missions and all those localized in Camino Real were nearly depopulated due to the Timulcuan revolt in 1656. In addition, although the Spanish attempted to repopulate these places, many of their inhabitants continued abandoning him.<ref name="Timucuan"/>|group="note"}}<ref name="Timucuan">Worth, John E. (1998). [http://books.google.es/books?id=MRYBQtnEqQkC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=Juan+Fern%C3%A1ndez+de+Olivera,+governor+of+la+Florida&source=bl&ots=yDFQUb8VGi&sig=KBck5nrmmpYHal8aQ2TUd63ABSE&hl=es&sa=X&ei=y1PiUuHdDeKR0QXLlYHoDg&ved=0CHsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Juan%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20de%20Olivera%2C%20governor%20of%20la%20Florida&f=false The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida: Resistance and destruction].</ref>
⚫
Horruytiner's term as interim governor of Florida ended on 8 January 1648; he was reappointed as governor on 19 October 1651. He retired on 18 June 1654, and was replaced by [[Diego de Rebolledo]].<ref name="Worth" />

⚫
Horruytiner died at the age of 71 on November 20, 1684, still in the service of the Spanish Crown.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía2003"/>
⚫
He left the Florida government the following year, in 8 January 1648, regaining the politician charge in 19 October 1651. He left the charge, finally, in 18 June 1654, when he was replaced by [[Diego de Rebolledo]].<ref name="worldstatesmen"/>

⚫
Hurruytiner died in November 20, 1684, while still served to the Spanish Crown, to the 71 years old.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/>

[[File:Historic American Buildings Survey Prime A. Beaudoin, Photographer August 1961 VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST - Don Pedro Horruytiner House, 214 Saint George Street, Saint Augustine, St. HABS FLA,55-SAUG,29-1.tif|thumb|right|170px|Don Pedro Horruytiner House, 214 Saint George Street, Saint Augustine.]]
[[File:Historic American Buildings Survey Prime A. Beaudoin, Photographer August 1961 VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST - Don Pedro Horruytiner House, 214 Saint George Street, Saint Augustine, St. HABS FLA,55-SAUG,29-1.tif|thumb|right|170px|Don Pedro Horruytiner House, 214 Saint George Street, Saint Augustine.]]


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Pedro Benedit Horruytiner married in Saint Augustine, in February 19, 1637, with María Ruíz de Cañizares Mexía y Florencia.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/>They had several children: Isabel, Manuela, Jacobina,<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> Antonio,<ref name="Library Homepage">[http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00094864/00021 UF: George A. Smathers Library. University of Florida Digital Collections. Group Title: Historic St. Augustine].</ref><ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> Pedro, Jusepe,<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> Lorenzo<ref name="Library Homepage"/><ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> and Juan Benedit de Horruytiner y Ruíz de Cañizares.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/> Juan Horruytiner was military, being captain in the Spanish Army. According other sources, the mother -in- law of them was Sanchez de Urisa. <ref name="Library Homepage"/>
Pedro Benedit Horruytiner married María Ruíz de Cañizares Mexía y Florencia in Saint Augustine, on February 19, 1637. They had several children, including Isabel, Manuela, Jacobina, Juan, Pedro, Josef, Lorenzo, and Juan Benedit de Horruytiner y Ruíz de Cañizares.<ref name="Revista Hidalguía2003"/> Juan Horruytiner was a captain in the Spanish Army.<ref name="Barnes1961">{{cite web|author1=Eleanor Philips Barnes|title=To be added to the section recording Lorenzo Horruytiner|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00094864/00021/2|website=ufdc.ufl.edu|publisher=University of Florida|access-date=4 June 2017|pages=2–3|language=English|date=1961}}</ref>


== Legacy and Popular culture ==
== Legacy==
⚫
* The private library of Pedro Benedit Horruytiner in St. Augustine is one of the oldest preserved in Florida.<ref name="Floridabibliografa">Santamaría García, Antonio (2011). [http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/53562/4/Florida%20bibliografa.pdf Florida en el siglo XVI. Bibliografía anotada] (English: Florida in the 16th century. annotated Bibliography). Page 3.</ref> The library's history was described by historians Luis R. Arana and Eugenia B. Arana in their work,. "A private library in St Augustine, 1680", which appeared in "El Escribano: The St. Augustine Journal of History" (8:4, 1971, pp.&nbsp;158–171), published by the St. Augustine Historical Society.<ref name="Floridabibliografa"/>
* An [[Urban legend]] originally of [[Saint Augustine, Florida]] points out that the house in which Pedro Benedit de Horruytiner lived in this city (first documented owner of this house<ref name="CasaHorruytiner">[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM8BDD_Casa_Horruytiner Casa Horruytiner - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com]</ref> and one of the houses oldest of Florida), is haunted and in it there a ghostly precense of governor. <ref>[http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1997/Book-Tells-of-St-Augustine-Ghosts/id-73638df2d5afb97664e356d58896d882 Book Tells of St. Augustine Ghosts]. [[Associated Press|AP: New Archives]].</ref> It also is say there in the house a ghost cat, a spirit who was killed therein and "a mysterious form" living in the foyer, in the dark.<ref>[http://yesterdaysmagazette.wordpress.com/1-haunted-Florida Yesterday's Magazette: Haunted Florida]. Volume 36. Number 3. Yesterday’s Magazette. Posted by Madonna Dries Christensen, fall 2009.</ref> Anyway, although it belonged their family until the British occupation in 1763, eventually many prominents Spanish, British and American military, government and professional leaders also have lived here. <ref name="CasaHorruytiner"/>
* In the book ''Ghosts of St. Augustine'' by Dave Lapham and Tom Lapham, which collects popular stories about ghosts in St. Augustine, a story is told entitled ''The Gallant Governor'' about Governor ''Don Pedro Horruytiner''. The story tells of alleged encounters with several ghostly figures, which have been linked both to Hurruitiner and to a cat supposedly killed there.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lapham|first1=Dave|last2=Lapham|first2=Tom|title=Ghosts of St. Augustine|date=1997|publisher=Pineapple Press, Inc.|isbn=1-56164-123-5|pages=9–19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrPrh1dSQ4gC&pg=PA9}}</ref>

⚫
*A distant descendant of Horruytiner, [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]], son of the Spanish dictator [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], was the founder of the [[Falange Española|Falangist]] Spanish political party, which governed Spain between 1923 and 1930. He was killed on November 20 (the same date as Pedro Benedit Horruytiner's death), in 1936 during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name="Revista Hidalguía2003"/>
⚫
* The private library of Pedro Benedit Horruytiner, localized in St Augustine, is one of the oldest preserved in Florida. <ref name="Floridabibliografa"/>{{#tag:ref|The library is studied and described by Historians Luis R. Arana and Eugenia B. Arana in his work ''A private library in St Augustine, 1680'', posted in 1971, based on the content quality and Value for the historical study of Saint Augustine. <ref name="Floridabibliografa"/>|group="note"}}

⚫
*A distant descendant of him, [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]], founder of the [[Falange]]´s Spanish politic party and son of a dictator of Spain, [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] (who governed between 1923 and 1930), was killed in November 20 (precisely the date of the death of Pedro Benedit Horruytiner), in 1936, during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name="Revista Hidalguía"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}



==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM8BDD_Casa_Horruytiner Casa Horruytiner - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com]
* [http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM8BDD_Casa_Horruytiner Casa Horruytiner - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com]


⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Horruytiner, Pedro Benedit}}
{{Persondata

⚫
| NAME = Horruytiner, Pedro Benedit
⚫
[[Category:Royal governors of La Florida]]
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
⚫
[[Category:Military personnel from Zaragoza]]
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Royal Governor of La Florida
[[Category:1613 births]]
| DATE OF BIRTH =
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
⚫
[[Category:Royal Governors of La Florida]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Zaragoza]]
[[Category:People of Spanish Florida]]

Latest revision as of 21:10, 24 August 2024

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner
Royal Governor of La Florida
In office
11 April 1646 – 8 January 1648
Preceded byBenito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla
Succeeded byBenito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla
In office
19 October 1651 – 18 June 1654
Preceded byNicolás Ponce de León
Succeeded byDiego de Rebolledo
Personal details
Born1613 (1613)
Zaragoza, Spain
DiedNovember 20, 1684 (1684-11-21) (aged 70)
Florida
ProfessionSoldier and Administrator (Governor of Florida)

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner y Catalán (1613 – November 20, 1684) was a Spanish soldier who served as interim co-governor of Spanish Florida (La Florida) between 1646 and 1648, and as governor between 1651 and 1654. When governor Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla was suspended from office in 1646, acting royal contador (accountant or comptroller) Horruytiner and Francisco Menendez Marquez served as co-governors until Salazar Vallecilla was returned to office in 1648.

Biography

[edit]

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was born in Zaragoza, Spain[1] in 1613. He was the son of Gilberto Benedit Horruytiner and Inés Catalán, and the brother of Micaela Benedit Horruytiner Aragón. He was a nephew of the former governor of Florida, Luis Benedit Horruitiner.[2] Pedro Horruytiner joined the Spanish Army as a youth on December 10, 1635. and gained the ranks of sergeant major ("sargento mayor") and lieutenant colonel, which he held when he was appointed interim governor of Florida. Horruytiner moved to Saint Augustine the capital of Spanish Florida, on 11 April 1646.[1]

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner was appointed acting co-governor of Florida on 11 April 1646.[3] On September 5, 1647, Horruytiner and Francisco Menendez Marquez issued an ultimatum to the Chisca Indians, who had attacked the Christianized Timucuan settlements,[4] forcing them to choose within two months between their annihilation in Florida, or settlement in the towns of the Christian Timucua. Consequently, the Chisca chieftains agreed to settle their people in the Timucua mission settlements.

In January of the same year, Horruytiner ordered Ensign Pedro de Florencia to search for the Indians who had been living in the missions of San Francisco de Potano and Santa Fé de Teleco, fearing those places would be permanently depopulated. Although the expedition seems to have achieved its goal as the Spanish attempted to repopulate these settlements, their demographic decline continued.[5][6]

Horruytiner's term as interim governor of Florida ended on 8 January 1648; he was reappointed as governor on 19 October 1651. He retired on 18 June 1654, and was replaced by Diego de Rebolledo.[3] Horruytiner died at the age of 71 on November 20, 1684, still in the service of the Spanish Crown.[1]

Don Pedro Horruytiner House, 214 Saint George Street, Saint Augustine.

Personal life

[edit]

Pedro Benedit Horruytiner married María Ruíz de Cañizares Mexía y Florencia in Saint Augustine, on February 19, 1637. They had several children, including Isabel, Manuela, Jacobina, Juan, Pedro, Josef, Lorenzo, and Juan Benedit de Horruytiner y Ruíz de Cañizares.[1] Juan Horruytiner was a captain in the Spanish Army.[7]

Legacy

[edit]
  • The private library of Pedro Benedit Horruytiner in St. Augustine is one of the oldest preserved in Florida.[8] The library's history was described by historians Luis R. Arana and Eugenia B. Arana in their work,. "A private library in St Augustine, 1680", which appeared in "El Escribano: The St. Augustine Journal of History" (8:4, 1971, pp. 158–171), published by the St. Augustine Historical Society.[8]
  • In the book Ghosts of St. Augustine by Dave Lapham and Tom Lapham, which collects popular stories about ghosts in St. Augustine, a story is told entitled The Gallant Governor about Governor Don Pedro Horruytiner. The story tells of alleged encounters with several ghostly figures, which have been linked both to Hurruitiner and to a cat supposedly killed there.[9]
  • A distant descendant of Horruytiner, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of the Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera, was the founder of the Falangist Spanish political party, which governed Spain between 1923 and 1930. He was killed on November 20 (the same date as Pedro Benedit Horruytiner's death), in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Revista Hidalguía número 298-299. Año 2003. 298-299. Ediciones Hidalguia. 2003. p. 516. GGKEY:U29GGJGT4CY.
  2. ^ Juan - Heráldica Aragonesa: Genealogía de Aragón y Pedro Benedit Horruytiner
  3. ^ a b John Worth. "The Governors of Colonial Florida, 1565-1821". University of West Florida. Archived from the original on 2016-01-30.
  4. ^ Steve Rajtar (19 November 2009). Indian War Sites: A Guidebook to Battlefields, Monuments, and Memorials, State by State with Canada and Mexico. McFarland. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4766-1042-9.
  5. ^ John E. Worth (1998). The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida: Resistance and destruction. University Press of Florida. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8130-1575-0.
  6. ^ John E. Worth (1992). "Timucuan Missions of Spanish Florida and the Rebellion of 1656". archive.org. University of Florida.
  7. ^ Eleanor Philips Barnes (1961). "To be added to the section recording Lorenzo Horruytiner". ufdc.ufl.edu. University of Florida. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  8. ^ a b Santamaría García, Antonio (2011). Florida en el siglo XVI. Bibliografía anotada (English: Florida in the 16th century. annotated Bibliography). Page 3.
  9. ^ Lapham, Dave; Lapham, Tom (1997). Ghosts of St. Augustine. Pineapple Press, Inc. pp. 9–19. ISBN 1-56164-123-5.
[edit]
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