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A 104-key PC US English keyboard layout with System request circled

System Request (SysRq or Sys Req) is a key on personal computer keyboards that has no standard use. Introduced by IBM with the PC/AT, it was intended to be available as a special key to directly invoke low-level operating system functions with no possibility of conflicting with any existing software. A special BIOS routine – software interrupt 0x15, subfunction 0x85^[1] – was added to signal the OS when SysRq was pushed or released. Unlike most keys, when it is pressed nothing is stored in the keyboard buffer.

History

The specific low level function intended for the SysRq key was to switch between operating systems. When the original IBM-PC was created in 1980, there were three leading competing operating systems: PC DOS, CP/M-86, and UCSD p-System,^[2] while Xenix was added in 1983–1984. The SysRq key was added so that multiple operating systems could be run on the same computer, using the capabilities of the 286 chip in the PC/AT.^[3]^{[unreliable source?]}

A special key was needed because most software of the day operated at a low level, often bypassing the OS entirely, and typically made use of many hotkey combinations. The use of terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) programs further complicated matters. To implement a task switching or multitasking environment, it was thought that a special, separate key was needed. This is similar to the way "Control-Alt-Delete" is used under Windows NT.

On 84-key keyboards (except the 84-key IBM Model M space saver keyboard), SysRq was a key of its own. On the later 101-key keyboard, it shares a physical key with the Print screen key function. The Alt key must be held down while pressing this dual-function key to invoke SysRq. This continues through modern PC keyboards.^[4]

The default BIOS keyboard routines simply ignore SysRq and return without taking action. So did the MS-DOS input routines. The keyboard routines in libraries supplied with many high-level languages followed suit. Although it is still included on most PC keyboards manufactured, and though it is used by some^[which?] debugging software, the key is of no use for the vast majority of users.

On the Hyundai/Hynix Super-16 computer, pressing Ctrl+SysRq will hard boot the system (it will reboot when Ctrl+Alt+Del is unresponsive, and it will invoke startup memory tests that are bypassed on soft-boot).^{[citation needed]}

Modern uses

In Linux, the kernel can be configured to provide functions for system debugging and crash recovery.^[5] This use is known as the "magic SysRq key".

Microsoft has also used SysRq for various OS- and application-level debuggers. In the CodeView debugger, it was sometimes used to break into the debugging during program execution.^[6] For the Windows NT remote kernel debugger, it can be used to force the system into the debugger.^[7]

On modern Windows and some Linux desktop environments "Alt + Print screen" (which is the shortcut for SysRq on most modern keyboards ^[4]) copies an image of the current active window, instead of the entire screen as Print Screen alone would.^[8]

Similar keys

IBM 3270-type console keyboards of the IBM System/370 mainframe computer, created in 1970, had an operator interrupt key that was used to cause the operating system such as VM/370 or MVS to allow the console to give input to the operating system.

References

^ "Ralf Brown's Interrupt List". Retrieved 2018-06-21.
^ "Original IBM PC Product fact sheet". IBM Information Systems Division. August 12, 1981. Archived from the original on August 14, 2006. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Personal interview with Sandy Meade, creator of the SysRq key
^ ^a ^b "What Are the Sys Rq, Scroll Lock, and Pause Break Keys on My Keyboard?". 26 September 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
^ "Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks". Linux kernel. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
^ "Returning Control to CodeView". Microsoft Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
^ "How to enable a remote kernel debugger connection on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1". Microsoft Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
^ "Copy the window or screen contents". Retrieved March 2, 2020.

External links

Media related to System request at Wikimedia Commons

IBM PC keyboard (Windows, ANSI US layout) v t e
Esc	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6	F7	F8	F9	F10	F11	F12	PrtScn/ SysRq	Scroll Lock	Pause/ Break

													Insert	Home	PgUp	Num Lock	∕	∗	−
													Delete	End	PgDn	7	8	9	+
																4	5	6	+
														↑		1	2	3	Enter
													←	↓	→	0 Ins		. Del	Enter

[intlist-1] "Ralf Brown's Interrupt List". Retrieved 2018-06-21.

[2] "Original IBM PC Product fact sheet". IBM Information Systems Division. August 12, 1981. Archived from the original on August 14, 2006. Retrieved January 13, 2010.

[3] Personal interview with Sandy Meade, creator of the SysRq key

[modern-4] "What Are the Sys Rq, Scroll Lock, and Pause Break Keys on My Keyboard?". 26 September 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2020.

[linux-5] "Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks". Linux kernel. Retrieved 2018-06-21.

[mskb43648-6] "Returning Control to CodeView". Microsoft Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2008.

[mskb900093-7] "How to enable a remote kernel debugger connection on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1". Microsoft Knowledge Base. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2008.

[8] "Copy the window or screen contents". Retrieved March 2, 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Computer key}}
 [[Image:KeyboardWithPrintScreenRinged.svg|thumb|A 104-key [[Personal computer|PC]] [[United States|US]] [[English language|English]] [[keyboard layout]] with System request circled|400x400px]]
-'''System request''' (often abbreviated '''SysRq''' or '''Sys Req''') is a key on [[IBM PC compatible|personal computer]] keyboards that has no standard use.<ref name="dosprogfaq">{{cite web|title=What is the SysRq key for?|work=comp.os.msdos.programmer FAQ|url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/msdos-programmer-faq/part2/|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> Introduced by [[IBM]] with the [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|PC/AT]], it was intended to be available as a special key to directly invoke low-level [[operating system]] functions with no possibility of conflicting with any existing software. A special [[BIOS]] routine – software interrupt 0x15, subfunction 0x85<ref name="intlist">{{cite web|title=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List|url=http://www.ctyme.com/intr/rb-1522.htm|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> – was added to signal the [[operating system|OS]] when SysRq was pushed or released. Unlike most keys, when it is pressed nothing is stored in the [[keyboard buffer]].
+'''System Request''' ('''SysRq''' or '''Sys Req''') is a key on [[IBM PC compatible|personal computer]] [[Computer keyboard|keyboards]] that has no standard use. Introduced by [[IBM]] with the [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|PC/AT]], it was intended to be available as a special key to directly invoke low-level [[operating system]] functions with no possibility of conflicting with any existing software. A special [[BIOS]] routine – software interrupt 0x15, subfunction 0x85<ref name="intlist">{{cite web|title=Ralf Brown's Interrupt List|url=http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/rbinter/id/30/15.html|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref> – was added to signal the [[operating system|OS]] when SysRq was pushed or released. Unlike most keys, when it is pressed nothing is stored in the [[keyboard buffer]].
 == History ==
-The specific low level function that the SysRq key was meant for was to switch between operating systems. When the original IBM-PC was created in 1980, there were three leading competing operating systems: [[PC DOS]], [[CP/M-86]], and [[UCSD p-System]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc25/pc25_fact.html|title=Original IBM PC Product fact sheet|date=August 12, 1981|publisher=IBM Information Systems Division|accessdate=January 13, 2010}}</ref> while [[Xenix]] was added in 1983–1984. The SysRq key was added so that multiple operating systems could be run on the same computer, making use of the capabilities of the [[Intel 80286|286]] chip in the PC/AT.<ref>Personal interview with Sandy Meade, creator of the SysRq key</ref>{{vc|date=April 2013}}
+The specific low level function intended for the SysRq key was to switch between operating systems. When the original IBM-PC was created in 1980, there were three leading competing operating systems: [[PC DOS]], [[CP/M-86]], and [[UCSD p-System]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc25/pc25_fact.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814072427/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc25/pc25_fact.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 14, 2006|title=Original IBM PC Product fact sheet|date=August 12, 1981|publisher=IBM Information Systems Division|access-date=January 13, 2010}}</ref> while [[Xenix]] was added in 1983–1984. The SysRq key was added so that multiple operating systems could be run on the same computer, using the capabilities of the [[Intel 80286|286]] chip in the PC/AT.<ref>Personal interview with Sandy Meade, creator of the SysRq key</ref>{{vc|date=April 2013}}
-A special key was needed because most [[software]] of the day operated at a low level, often bypassing the OS entirely, and typically made use of many [[hotkey]] combinations. The use of [[Terminate and Stay Resident|Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs]] further complicated matters. To implement a [[Context switch|task switching]] or [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]] environment, it was thought that a special, separate key was needed. This is similar to the way "[[Control-Alt-Delete]]" is used under [[Windows NT]].
+A special key was needed because most [[software]] of the day operated at a low level, often bypassing the OS entirely, and typically made use of many [[hotkey]] combinations. The use of [[terminate-and-stay-resident]] (TSR) programs further complicated matters. To implement a [[Context switch|task switching]] or [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]] environment, it was thought that a special, separate key was needed. This is similar to the way "[[Control-Alt-Delete]]" is used under [[Windows NT]].
-On 84-key keyboards (except the 84-key IBM Model M space saver keyboard), SysRq was a key of its own. On the later 101-key keyboard, it shares a physical key with the [[Print Screen]] key function. One must hold down the [[Alt key]] while pressing this dual-function key to invoke SysRq.
+On 84-key keyboards (except the 84-key IBM Model M space saver keyboard), SysRq was a key of its own. On the later 101-key keyboard, it shares a physical key with the [[Print screen]] key function. The [[Alt key]] must be held down while pressing this dual-function key to invoke SysRq. This continues through modern PC keyboards.<ref name="modern">{{cite web|title=What Are the Sys Rq, Scroll Lock, and Pause Break Keys on My Keyboard?|date=26 September 2016 |access-date=March 2, 2020|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/125315/htg-explains-what-are-the-sys-rq-scroll-lock-and-pausebreak-keys-on-my-keyboard/#:~:text=The%20SysRq%20key%20(sometimes%20Sys%20Req)%20is%20an%20abbreviation%20for%20System%20Request.}}</ref>
-The default BIOS keyboard routines simply ignore SysRq and return without taking action. So did the [[MS-DOS]] input routines.<ref name="dosprogfaq"/> The keyboard routines in [[Library (software)|libraries]] supplied with many high-level languages followed suit. Although it is still included on most PC keyboards manufactured, and though it is used by some debugging software, the key is of no use for the vast majority of users.
+The default BIOS keyboard routines simply ignore SysRq and return without taking action. So did the [[MS-DOS]] input routines. The keyboard routines in [[Library (software)|libraries]] supplied with many high-level languages followed suit. Although it is still included on most PC keyboards manufactured, and though it is used by some{{which|date=July 2019}} debugging software, the key is of no use for the vast majority of users.
 On the [[Hynix|Hyundai/Hynix]] Super-16 computer, pressing {{key press|Ctrl|SysRq}} will hard boot the system (it will reboot when {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} is unresponsive, and it will invoke startup memory tests that are bypassed on soft-boot).{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
 == Modern uses ==
-In [[Linux]], the [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]] can be configured to provide functions for system [[debugging]] and crash recovery.<ref name="linux">{{cite web|title=Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks|work=Linux kernel|url=http://lxr.linux.no/linux/Documentation/sysrq.txt|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>  This use is known as the "[[magic SysRq key]]".
+In [[Linux]], the [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] can be configured to provide functions for system [[debugging]] and crash recovery.<ref name="linux">{{cite web|title=Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks|work=Linux kernel|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/sysrq.html|access-date=2018-06-21}}</ref>  This use is known as the "[[magic SysRq key]]".
-[[Microsoft]] has also used SysRq for various [[Operating system|OS]]- and [[Application software|application]]-level [[debugger]]s. In the [[CodeView|CodeView debugger]], it was sometimes used to break into the debugging during program execution.<ref name="mskb43648">{{cite web|title=Returning Control to CodeView|work=Microsoft Knowledge Base|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/43648|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> For the [[Windows NT]] remote kernel debugger, it can be used to force the system into the debugger.<ref name="mskb900093">{{cite web|title=How to enable a remote kernel debugger connection on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1|work=Microsoft Knowledge Base|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/900093|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>
+[[Microsoft]] has also used SysRq for various [[Operating system|OS]]- and [[Application software|application]]-level [[debugger]]s. In the [[CodeView|CodeView debugger]], it was sometimes used to break into the debugging during program execution.<ref name="mskb43648">{{cite web|title=Returning Control to CodeView|work=Microsoft Knowledge Base|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/43648|access-date=January 8, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108021540/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/43648|archivedate=November 8, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the [[Windows NT]] remote kernel debugger, it can be used to force the system into the debugger.<ref name="mskb900093">{{cite web|title=How to enable a remote kernel debugger connection on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1|work=Microsoft Knowledge Base|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/900093|access-date=January 8, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021034022/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/900093|archivedate=October 21, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+On modern Windows and some Linux desktop environments "[[Alt key|Alt]] + [[Print screen]]" (which is the shortcut for SysRq on most modern keyboards <ref name="modern" />) copies an image of the current active window, instead of the entire screen as Print Screen alone would.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copy the window or screen contents|access-date=March 2, 2020|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/copy-the-window-or-screen-contents-98c41969-51e5-45e1-be36-fb9381b32bb7#:~:text=Copy%20only%20the%20image%20of%20the%20active%20window}}</ref>
-In [[embedded systems]], SysRq key is usually used to assert low-level on RESET# signal.<ref>{{cite web|title=MicroVGA datasheet|url=http://www.microvga.com/pdf/uvga-text-ds.pdf}}</ref>
 == Similar keys ==
 [[IBM 3270]]-type console keyboards of the IBM [[System/370]] [[mainframe computer]], created in 1970, had an operator interrupt key that was used to cause the operating system such as [[VM/370]] or [[MVS]] to allow the console to give input to the operating system.
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
 == See also ==
-* [[Print Screen]]
 * [[Serial console]]
-* [[Magic SysRq key]]
 * [[Break key]]
 * [[Scroll Lock]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+==External links==
+*{{Commonscatinline}}
 {{Keyboard}}
 {{keyboard keys}}
@@ Line 38: / Line 41: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:System Request}}
 [[Category:Computer keys]]
-[[Category:System administration]]
+[[Category:System administration|Request]]
 [[Category:Out-of-band management]]
 [[Category:IBM personal computers]]

v t e Keyboard keys
Dead keys	Compose Gold
Modifier keys	Control Shift Alt / Option (Apple) AltGr Command (Apple) / Windows (Microsoft) / Super Meta Hyper Fn
Lock keys	Scroll Lock Num Lock Caps Lock F-Lock
Navigation keys	Arrow keys Page Up/Page Down Home End Esc Menu
Editing	Enter/Return Carriage return Backspace Insert Delete Tab Space bar Numeric keypad Language input
Contextual	Function keys Print Screen System request Break/Pause
Misc.	Power management keys (Power, Sleep, Wake) Any key Macro key Copilot key Keyboard technology Keyboard shortcut Keyboard layout Keyboard mapping