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Coordinates: 21°49′59″N 104°10′01″E / 21.833°N 104.167°E / 21.833; 104.167
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{{Advert|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mu Cang Chai district
| name = Mu Cang Chai district
| settlement_type = [[Huyện|District]]
| settlement_type = [[Huyện|District]]
| official_name =
| official_name = Thakur Rudar Rao
| other_name =
| other_name =
| native_name = Huyện Mù Cang Chải
| native_name = Huyện Mù Cang Chải
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Mu Cang Chai Town - Yen Bai - Vietnam.jpg
| image_skyline = Mu Cang Chai Town - Yen Bai - Vietnam.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Mu Cang Chai Town
| image_caption = Mu Cang Chai Town
| image_flag =
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_size =
| blank_emblem_size =
| image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=9|frame-width=280}}
| image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=9|frame-width=280}}
| map_caption = Interactive map outlining Mu Cang Chai District
| map_caption = Interactive map outlining Mu Cang Chai District
| coordinates = {{coord|21.833|N|104.167|E|type:adm2nd_region:VN|display=title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|21.833|N|104.167|E|type:adm2nd_region:VN|display=title}}
| image_map1 =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
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| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Vietnam|Region]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Vietnam|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Vietnam|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Vietnam|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yên Bái Province|Yên Bái]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yên Bái Province|Yên Bái]]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Mù Cang Chải]]
| seat = [[Mù Cang Chải]]
| government_type = [[District (Vietnam)|District]]
| government_type = [[District (Vietnam)|District]]
| parts_type = Subdivision
| parts_type = Subdivision
| parts = 1 township and 13 rural communes
| parts = 1 township and 13 rural communes
| leader_title =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_date =
| area_magnitude =
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1199
| area_total_km2 = 1199
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
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| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2019
| population_as_of = 2019
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite book
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite book
| author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] | year = 2019 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf | title = "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 }}</ref>
| author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] | year = 2019 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf | title = "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 }}</ref>
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_total = 63,961
| population_total = 63,961
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
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| population_urban =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_mi2 =
| population_density_urban_mi2 =
| timezone = UTC + 7
| timezone = UTC + 7
| utc_offset = +7
| utc_offset = +7
| latd =
| latd =
| latm =
| latm =
| lats =
| lats =
| latNS =
| latNS =
| longd =
| longd =
| longm =
| longm =
| longs =
| longs =
| longEW =
| longEW =
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code =
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| area_code =
| website = {{url|http://mucangchai.yenbai.gov.vn/ }}
| website = {{url|http://mucangchai.yenbai.gov.vn/ }}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Mù Cang Chải''' is a [[huyện|rural district]] of [[Yên Bái province]], in the [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region of [[Vietnam]]. As of 2019, the district had a population of 63,961, covering an area of 1199&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=census/> The district capital lies at Mù Cang Chải.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/yvn.html|title=Districts of Vietnam|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=March 23, 2009}}</ref>
'''Mù Cang Chải''' is a [[huyện|rural district]] of [[Yên Bái province]], in the [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region of [[Vietnam]]. As of 2019, the district had a population of 63,961, covering an area of 1199&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=census/> The district capital lies at [[Mù Cang Chải]].<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/yvn.html|title=Districts of Vietnam|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=March 23, 2009}}</ref>


Mù Cang Chải is a landlocked district that borders [[Văn Bàn district|Van Ban]] district of [[Lào Cai|Lao Cai]] province to the north, [[Mường La district|Muong La]] district of [[Sơn La|Son La]] province to the south, [[Than Uyên district|Than Uyen]] of [[Lai Châu province|Lai Chau]] province to the west, and [[Văn Chấn district|Van Chan]] district of Yen Bai province to the east. The district is located at the foot of Hoang Lien Son mountain range, at an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level. To get to Mù Cang Chải district, travellers must pass through [[Khau Phạ Pass]], which is one of four imposing passes in northwest Vietnam.
Mù Cang Chải is a landlocked district that borders [[Văn Bàn district|Van Ban]] district of [[Lào Cai|Lao Cai]] province to the north, [[Mường La district|Muong La]] district of [[Sơn La|Son La]] province to the south, [[Than Uyên district|Than Uyen]] of [[Lai Châu province|Lai Chau]] province to the west, and [[Văn Chấn district|Van Chan]] district of Yen Bai province to the east. The district is located at the foot of Hoang Lien Son mountain range, at an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level. To get to Mù Cang Chải district, travellers must pass through [[Khau Phạ Pass]], which is one of four imposing passes in northwest Vietnam.


==Administrative divisions==
== Rice terrace fields ==
Mù Cang Chải is divided into 14 commune-level sub-divisions, including the township of Mù Cang Chải and 13 rural communes (Cao Phạ, Chế Cu Nha, Chế Tạo, Dế Xu Phình, Hồ Bốn, Khao Mang, Kim Nọi, La Pán Tẩn, Lao Chải, Mồ Dề, Nậm Có, Nậm Khắt, Púng Luông).
The [[Terrace (earthworks)|rice terrace]] fields in La Pan Tan, Che Cu Nha ([[Tsev Kub Nyiab]]) and Ze Xu Phinh have been recognized as national landscapes by the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism]]. In 2007, this zone was designated a "National Site Heritage”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 Jun 2018 |title=Rice terraces in Mu Cang Chai, Vietnam: Implementation of community-based tourism |url=https://www.iccrom.org/news/rice-terraces-mu-cang-chai-vietnam-implementation-community-based-tourism |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property}}</ref> Local festivals in Yên Bái have featured the Mù Cang Chải rice terrace fields as attractions for both domestic and international tourists. Although this region of northwest Vietnam is poor and relatively undeveloped, it has a rich natural environment.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} In recent years,{{when|date=July 2017}} Mù Cang Chải has been a popular place to visit in northern Vietnam, particularly when the rice harvest starts around the beginning of October.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}


==Climate==
Local farmers needed to develop special water distribution channels to deal with the lack of water and the high altitude topography.<ref name=":0" /> In response to this challenge, the [[Hmong people]] developed a way to retain water by levelling the land on the mountain in layers, resulting in the rice terrace fields' distinctive look. The terraces stretch across 2,200 hectares of the mountainside as narrow layers of terraces ranging from between 1 m and 1.5 m wide.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed =
|location = Mù Cang Chải, elevation {{convert|975|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Jan high C = 19.0
|Feb high C = 21.3
|Mar high C = 24.8
|Apr high C = 27.3
|May high C = 28.0
|Jun high C = 27.4
|Jul high C = 27.2
|Aug high C = 27.4
|Sep high C = 26.8
|Oct high C = 25.1
|Nov high C = 22.1
|Dec high C = 19.4
|year high C = 24.7
|Jan mean C = 12.9
|Feb mean C = 14.7
|Mar mean C = 18.1
|Apr mean C = 21.0
|May mean C = 22.5
|Jun mean C = 23.0
|Jul mean C = 22.9
|Aug mean C = 22.7
|Sep mean C = 21.7
|Oct mean C = 19.6
|Nov mean C = 16.3
|Dec mean C = 13.2
|year mean C = 19.1
|Jan low C = 9.2
|Feb low C = 10.5
|Mar low C = 13.4
|Apr low C = 16.7
|May low C = 19.1
|Jun low C = 20.5
|Jul low C = 20.4
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Sep low C = 18.4
|Oct low C = 16.1
|Nov low C = 12.6
|Dec low C = 9.2
|year low C = 15.5
|Jan record high C = 29.0 |Jan record low C = -2.8
|Feb record high C = 30.3 |Feb record low C = -0.2
|Mar record high C = 34.0 |Mar record low C = 1.3
|Apr record high C = 34.2 |Apr record low C = 6.8
|May record high C = 34.0 |May record low C = 11.2
|Jun record high C = 33.5 |Jun record low C = 12.8
|Jul record high C = 33.3 |Jul record low C = 15.0
|Aug record high C = 33.0 |Aug record low C = 15.0
|Sep record high C = 33.0 |Sep record low C = 11.7
|Oct record high C = 31.0 |Oct record low C = 5.7
|Nov record high C = 30.0 |Nov record low C = 1.9
|Dec record high C = 28.6 |Dec record low C = -3.6
|year record high C = |year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 28.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 32.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 63.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 129.5
|May precipitation mm = 215.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 344.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 383.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 313.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 132.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 64.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 35.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.2
|year precipitation mm = 1760.1
|Jan rain days = 4.9
|Feb rain days = 5.3
|Mar rain days = 7.6
|Apr rain days = 13.7
|May rain days = 18.9
|Jun rain days = 24.2
|Jul rain days = 26.1
|Aug rain days = 23.0
|Sep rain days = 15.1
|Oct rain days = 10.4
|Nov rain days = 5.6
|Dec rain days = 4.0
|year rain days = 159.4
|Jan humidity = 79.9
|Feb humidity = 77.3
|Mar humidity = 73.7
|Apr humidity = 74.6
|May humidity = 78.9
|Jun humidity = 84.3
|Jul humidity = 86.1
|Aug humidity = 85.5
|Sep humidity = 82.8
|Oct humidity = 81.3
|Nov humidity = 80.5
|Dec humidity = 80.3
|year humidity = 80.5
|Jan sun = 157.2
|Feb sun = 160.5
|Mar sun = 188.8
|Apr sun = 193.5
|May sun = 173.1
|Jun sun = 105.8
|Jul sun = 114.6
|Aug sun = 135.5
|Sep sun = 146.0
|Oct sun = 145.4
|Nov sun = 155.8
|Dec sun = 163.4
|year sun = 1832.8
|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<ref name=IBST>{{cite web|title=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology|url=https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2022/10/02-bxd.pdf | access-date =16 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Geography ==
=== Rice terrace fields ===
Local farmers needed to develop special water distribution channels to deal with the lack of water and the high altitude topography.<ref name=":0" /> In response to this challenge, the [[Hmong people]] developed a way to retain water by levelling the land on the mountain in layers, resulting in the [[rice terrace]] fields' distinctive look. The terraces stretch across 2,200 hectares of the mountainside as narrow layers of terraces ranging from {{cvt|1 to 1.5|m|ft|0}} wide.


The water source of the fields comes from the upper streams and waterfalls. At low points in the mountain, water must be moved from higher places. Bamboo is cut in half and used as a tool to transfer water into the fields using gravity.<ref name=":0" /> The water is moved into the first terrace, and then a gate is opened to make the water flow into the next terrace. This process avoids flooding the fields and retains the soil fertility. To create the contour of each piece of land, the Hmong people balance each terrace by water that people will point out a high place that is moved up on the coast and moved down to the low land so the fields surrounding hills are water level and the same height, creating the rice terraces of the mountain.
The water source of the fields comes from the upper streams and waterfalls. At low points in the mountain, water must be moved from higher places. Bamboo is cut in half and used as a tool to transfer water into the fields using gravity.<ref name=":0" /> The water is moved into the first terrace, and then a gate is opened to make the water flow into the next terrace. This process avoids flooding the fields and retains the soil fertility. To create the contour of each piece of land, the Hmong people balance each terrace by water that people will point out a high place that is moved up on the coast and moved down to the low land so the fields surrounding hills are water level and the same height, creating the rice terraces of the mountain.


Since they were designated a ''[[National Heritage Site]]'' in 2007, the rice terrace fields in [[La Pan Tan]], [[Che Cu Nha]] and [[Ze Xu Phinh]] have attracted [[Heritage tourism|community-based tourism]] and featured in local festivals held during rice harvesting season in early October.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 Jun 2018 |title=Rice terraces in Mu Cang Chai, Vietnam: Implementation of community-based tourism |url=https://www.iccrom.org/news/rice-terraces-mu-cang-chai-vietnam-implementation-community-based-tourism |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property}}</ref>
==Administrative divisions==
Mù Cang Chải is divided into 14 commune-level sub-divisions, including the township of Mù Cang Chải and 13 rural communes (Cao Phạ, Chế Cu Nha, Chế Tạo, Dế Xu Phình, Hồ Bốn, Khao Mang, Kim Nọi, La Pán Tẩn, Lao Chải, Mồ Dề, Nậm Có, Nậm Khắt, Púng Luông).


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
<gallery class="center">
File:Terraces_in_Che_Cu_Nha_commune,_Mu_Cang_Chai_(Unsplash).jpg
File:Steadywhenwalking.jpg
File:Lapantan.jpg
File:Lapantan.jpg
File:Mu Cang Chai 01.JPG
File:Mu Cang Chai 01.JPG

Latest revision as of 09:27, 26 August 2024

Mu Cang Chai district
Huyện Mù Cang Chải
District
Thakur Rudar Rao
Mu Cang Chai Town
Mu Cang Chai Town
Map
Interactive map outlining Mu Cang Chai District
Coordinates: 21°49′59″N 104°10′01″E / 21.833°N 104.167°E / 21.833; 104.167
Country Vietnam
RegionNorthwest
ProvinceYên Bái
CapitalMù Cang Chải
Subdivision1 township and 13 rural communes
Government
 • TypeDistrict
Area
 • Total
1,199 km2 (463 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[1]
 • Total
63,961
 • Density53/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+7 (UTC + 7)
Websitemucangchai.yenbai.gov.vn

Mù Cang Chải is a rural district of Yên Bái province, in the Northwest region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 63,961, covering an area of 1199 km2.[1] The district capital lies at Mù Cang Chải.[2]

Mù Cang Chải is a landlocked district that borders Van Ban district of Lao Cai province to the north, Muong La district of Son La province to the south, Than Uyen of Lai Chau province to the west, and Van Chan district of Yen Bai province to the east. The district is located at the foot of Hoang Lien Son mountain range, at an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level. To get to Mù Cang Chải district, travellers must pass through Khau Phạ Pass, which is one of four imposing passes in northwest Vietnam.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Mù Cang Chải is divided into 14 commune-level sub-divisions, including the township of Mù Cang Chải and 13 rural communes (Cao Phạ, Chế Cu Nha, Chế Tạo, Dế Xu Phình, Hồ Bốn, Khao Mang, Kim Nọi, La Pán Tẩn, Lao Chải, Mồ Dề, Nậm Có, Nậm Khắt, Púng Luông).

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Mù Cang Chải, elevation 975 m (3,199 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2) 		30.3
(86.5) 		34.0
(93.2) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.0
(91.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.0
(86.0) 		28.6
(83.5) 		34.2
(93.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.3
(81.1) 		28.0
(82.4) 		27.4
(81.3) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		19.4
(66.9) 		24.7
(76.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		18.1
(64.6) 		21.0
(69.8) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.9
(73.2) 		22.7
(72.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		16.3
(61.3) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.1
(66.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.4
(68.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		15.5
(59.9)
Record low °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.7
(53.1) 		5.7
(42.3) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−3.6
(25.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28.5
(1.12) 		32.1
(1.26) 		63.4
(2.50) 		129.5
(5.10) 		215.1
(8.47) 		344.0
(13.54) 		383.7
(15.11) 		313.5
(12.34) 		132.3
(5.21) 		64.0
(2.52) 		35.4
(1.39) 		24.2
(0.95) 		1,760.1
(69.30)
Average rainy days 4.9 5.3 7.6 13.7 18.9 24.2 26.1 23.0 15.1 10.4 5.6 4.0 159.4
Average relative humidity (%) 79.9 77.3 73.7 74.6 78.9 84.3 86.1 85.5 82.8 81.3 80.5 80.3 80.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 157.2 160.5 188.8 193.5 173.1 105.8 114.6 135.5 146.0 145.4 155.8 163.4 1,832.8
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[3]

Geography

[edit]

Rice terrace fields

[edit]

Local farmers needed to develop special water distribution channels to deal with the lack of water and the high altitude topography.[4] In response to this challenge, the Hmong people developed a way to retain water by levelling the land on the mountain in layers, resulting in the rice terrace fields' distinctive look. The terraces stretch across 2,200 hectares of the mountainside as narrow layers of terraces ranging from 1 to 1.5 m (3 to 5 ft) wide.

The water source of the fields comes from the upper streams and waterfalls. At low points in the mountain, water must be moved from higher places. Bamboo is cut in half and used as a tool to transfer water into the fields using gravity.[4] The water is moved into the first terrace, and then a gate is opened to make the water flow into the next terrace. This process avoids flooding the fields and retains the soil fertility. To create the contour of each piece of land, the Hmong people balance each terrace by water that people will point out a high place that is moved up on the coast and moved down to the low land so the fields surrounding hills are water level and the same height, creating the rice terraces of the mountain.

Since they were designated a National Heritage Site in 2007, the rice terrace fields in La Pan Tan, Che Cu Nha and Ze Xu Phinh have attracted community-based tourism and featured in local festivals held during rice harvesting season in early October.[4]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  2. ^ "Districts of Vietnam". Statoids. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  3. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF). Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Rice terraces in Mu Cang Chai, Vietnam: Implementation of community-based tourism". International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property. 13 Jun 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
[edit]
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