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{{Short description|Irish mathematician}}
'''Patrick d'Arcy''' ([[27 September]] [[1725]] – [[18 October]] [[1779]]) was born in the west of [[Ireland]]. His family, who were Catholics, suffered under the [[penal laws]]. In 1739 d'Arcy was sent abroad by his parents to an uncle in Paris. He was tutored in mathematics by Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, and became a friend of Jean-Baptiste's son, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, ([[Alexis Clairaut]]), who was a brilliant young mathematician. d'Arcy made original contributions to dynamics. He is best known for his part in the discovery of the principle of [[angular momentum]], in a form which was known as "the principle of areas," which he announced in 1746. See the article on [[areal velocity]]. d'Arcy also had an illustrious military career in the French army. He obtained the title of "Count" in the French nobility. He was a generous patron of Irish refugees in France. In addition to his contributions to dynamics, he performed research on artillery and on electricity. An experiment of his, reported in 1765, on visual perception is often referred to: it involved a rotating disk on which a burning coal was placed; when the disk was spun at an angular velocity exceeding seven revolutions per second, a full circle of light was perceived. d'Arcy was elected to the [[Academie Royale des Sciences]] in 1749. He died from [[cholera]] in Paris in October 1779.
{{other people||Patrick Darcy (disambiguation)}}
{{nofootnotes|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Irish English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Patrice d'Arcy
| image = Patrice Darcy.jpg
| caption = M. d'Arcy, by [[Hubert Drouais]] (1742).
| birth_place = Kiltullagh, County Galway, Ireland
| birth_name = ''Patrick Darcy''
| birth_date = 27 September 1725
| death_date = 18 October 1779 (54 years old)
| death_place = [[Paris]] ([[France]])
}}

'''Patrick d'Arcy''' (27 September 1725 &ndash; 18 October 1779) was an Irish mathematician born at Kiltullagh House, near [[Kiltullagh]], [[County Galway]] in the west of [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/30409701/kiltullagh-house-kiltullagh-north-kiltullagh-galway | publisher = National Inventory of Architectural Heritage | website = buildingsofireland.ie | title = Kiltullagh House, Kiltullagh North, Kiltullagh, Galway | accessdate= 12 March 2024 | quote = [Kiltullagh] house was the birthplace of Count Patrick D'Arcy, mathematician, colonel in the French army, and member of the French academy }}</ref> His family, who were Catholics, suffered under the [[Penal Laws against Irish Catholics|penal laws]]. In 1739 d'Arcy was sent abroad by his parents to an uncle in Paris. He was tutored in mathematics by Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, and became a friend of Jean-Baptiste's son, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, ([[Alexis Clairaut]]), who was a brilliant young mathematician.

D'Arcy made original contributions to dynamics. He is best known for his part in the discovery of the principle of [[angular momentum]], in a form which was known as "the principle of areas," which he announced in 1746. See the article on [[areal velocity]]. d'Arcy also had an illustrious military career in the French army. He obtained the title of "Count" in the French nobility. He was a generous patron of Irish refugees in France. In addition to his contributions to dynamics, he performed research on artillery and on electricity.

D'Arcy was elected to the [[Academie Royale des Sciences]] in 1749.

In 1768, the Academie published a 1765 paper by D'Arcy on the duration of visual impressions. He had built a kind of mill in his garden, which could whirl around a burning coal and register the duration of one rotation when it was spinning just fast enough to give the impression of a full fiery circle, as seen in the dark from a circa 50 meter distance. With the collaboration of an observer with better eyesight than D'Arcy, the mean duration came to 0,13 second. He planned further experiments to measure the suspected differences between individuals, colors, viewing distances and light intensity of objects.<ref>Patrick d'Arcy ''Sur la durée de la sensation de la vue'' in ''Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences - Année M. DCCXV.'' p. 439-451 (1768)</ref> D'Arcy's experiments relate to theories of [[persistence of vision]] that were popularised with the introduction of [[philosophical toys]] like the [[thaumatrope]] in the 19th century, and the subsequent development of [[cinematography]]. However, many historians have ignored D'Arcy and other early researchers, giving in to some nationalistic prejudice to champion some other "great man" from nationalistic prejudice, or to the tendency to produce a more coherent chronological narrative.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Winston |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YeXxDwAAQBAJ&dq=d'arcy%20%22persistence%20of%20vision%22&pg=PA17 |title=Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinema and Television |date=2019-07-25 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83871-847-3 |language=en|pages=17}}</ref>

D'Arcy died from [[cholera]] in Paris in October 1779.


There is a copy of a portrait of d'Arcy in Wade (1997), [http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/ped26_2.gif], which was found in Charbonnier (1928).
There is a copy of a portrait of d'Arcy in Wade (1997), [http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/ped26_2.gif], which was found in Charbonnier (1928).


==References==
==References==
*C.S. Gillmor, "D'Arcy, Patrick," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. III, pp. 561-2, Scribner's, New York (1970).
*C.S. Gillmor, "D'Arcy, Patrick," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. III, pp.&nbsp;561–2, Scribner's, New York (1970).
*http://www.iol.ie/~mfinn/kiltullaghho.html
*http://www.iol.ie/~mfinn/kiltullaghho.html
*M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Principe Géneral de Dynamique,"''Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris'', 1747, pp. 348-356.
*M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Principe Géneral de Dynamique,"''Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris'', 1747, pp.&nbsp;348–356.
*J. Casey, "Areal Velocity and Angular Momentum for Non-Planar Problems in Particle Mechanics," ''American Journal of Physics'', Vol. 75, pp. 677-685, 2007.
*J. Casey, "Areal Velocity and Angular Momentum for Non-Planar Problems in Particle Mechanics," ''American Journal of Physics'', Vol. 75, pp.&nbsp;677–685, 2007.
<references/>
<references/>
*M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Sur la Durée de la Sensation de La vue," ''Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris'', pp. 439-451, 1765.
*M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Sur la Durée de la Sensation de La vue," ''Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris'', pp.&nbsp;439–451, 1765.
*N.J. Wade, Guest Editorial, ''Perception,'' Vol. 26, 1997, [http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/editorial.html].
*N.J. Wade, Guest Editorial, ''Perception,'' Vol. 26, 1997, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093400/http://www.perceptionweb.com/perception/perc0297/editorial.html].
*P.J. Charbonnier, Essais sur l'Histoire de la Balistique, Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Paris (1928)
*P.J. Charbonnier, Essais sur l'Histoire de la Balistique, Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Paris (1928)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Arcy, Patrick D}} <!-- "Darcy" is correct sort key --><!-- Is it really? The name of the article should be corrected then.--><!-- No it shouldn't this is how we do case-INSENSITIVE sorting with case-SENSITIVE software -->
<!-- "Darcy" is correct sort key --><!-- Is it really? The name of the article should be corrected then.--><!-- No it shouldn't this is how we do case-INSENSITIVE sorting with case-SENSITIVE software -->

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arcy, Patrick D}}
[[Category:1725 births]]
[[Category:1725 births]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from County Galway]]
[[Category:Irish physicists]]
[[Category:Irish physicists]]
[[Category:French Army personnel]]

[[Category:Deaths from cholera]]
[[fr:Patrick d'Arcy (physicien)]]
[[Category:18th-century Irish mathematicians]]
[[Category:Military personnel from County Galway]]

Latest revision as of 04:50, 27 August 2024

For other people with the same name, see Patrick Darcy (disambiguation).

Patrice d'Arcy
M. d'Arcy, by Hubert Drouais (1742).
Born
Patrick Darcy

27 September 1725
Kiltullagh, County Galway, Ireland
Died18 October 1779 (54 years old)
Paris (France)

Patrick d'Arcy (27 September 1725 – 18 October 1779) was an Irish mathematician born at Kiltullagh House, near Kiltullagh, County Galway in the west of Ireland.[1] His family, who were Catholics, suffered under the penal laws. In 1739 d'Arcy was sent abroad by his parents to an uncle in Paris. He was tutored in mathematics by Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, and became a friend of Jean-Baptiste's son, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, (Alexis Clairaut), who was a brilliant young mathematician.

D'Arcy made original contributions to dynamics. He is best known for his part in the discovery of the principle of angular momentum, in a form which was known as "the principle of areas," which he announced in 1746. See the article on areal velocity. d'Arcy also had an illustrious military career in the French army. He obtained the title of "Count" in the French nobility. He was a generous patron of Irish refugees in France. In addition to his contributions to dynamics, he performed research on artillery and on electricity.

D'Arcy was elected to the Academie Royale des Sciences in 1749.

In 1768, the Academie published a 1765 paper by D'Arcy on the duration of visual impressions. He had built a kind of mill in his garden, which could whirl around a burning coal and register the duration of one rotation when it was spinning just fast enough to give the impression of a full fiery circle, as seen in the dark from a circa 50 meter distance. With the collaboration of an observer with better eyesight than D'Arcy, the mean duration came to 0,13 second. He planned further experiments to measure the suspected differences between individuals, colors, viewing distances and light intensity of objects.[2] D'Arcy's experiments relate to theories of persistence of vision that were popularised with the introduction of philosophical toys like the thaumatrope in the 19th century, and the subsequent development of cinematography. However, many historians have ignored D'Arcy and other early researchers, giving in to some nationalistic prejudice to champion some other "great man" from nationalistic prejudice, or to the tendency to produce a more coherent chronological narrative.[3]

D'Arcy died from cholera in Paris in October 1779.

There is a copy of a portrait of d'Arcy in Wade (1997), [1], which was found in Charbonnier (1928).

References

[edit]
  • C.S. Gillmor, "D'Arcy, Patrick," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. III, pp. 561–2, Scribner's, New York (1970).
  • http://www.iol.ie/~mfinn/kiltullaghho.html
  • M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Principe Géneral de Dynamique,"Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 1747, pp. 348–356.
  • J. Casey, "Areal Velocity and Angular Momentum for Non-Planar Problems in Particle Mechanics," American Journal of Physics, Vol. 75, pp. 677–685, 2007.
  1. ^ "Kiltullagh House, Kiltullagh North, Kiltullagh, Galway". buildingsofireland.ie. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. Retrieved 12 March 2024. [Kiltullagh] house was the birthplace of Count Patrick D'Arcy, mathematician, colonel in the French army, and member of the French academy
  2. ^ Patrick d'Arcy Sur la durée de la sensation de la vue in Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences - Année M. DCCXV. p. 439-451 (1768)
  3. ^ Winston, Brian (25 July 2019). Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinema and Television. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-83871-847-3.
  • M. le Chevalier D'Arcy, "Sur la Durée de la Sensation de La vue," Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, pp. 439–451, 1765.
  • N.J. Wade, Guest Editorial, Perception, Vol. 26, 1997, [2].
  • P.J. Charbonnier, Essais sur l'Histoire de la Balistique, Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Paris (1928)


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