Hypertrophy: Difference between revisions

Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy
	Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number.

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Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.^[1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.^[2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart.^[3] Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).

Gallery

Breasts
Clitoris
Ear
Fingers
Foot (partial)
Gums
Heart
Kidneys
Temporal muscles
Tibia (inflammatory)
Tongue (inflammatory)
Upper lip
Urethral meatus

References

^ Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.
^ "Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
^ Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8^{[permanent dead link‍]}

External links

University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy Archived 2021-04-21 at the Wayback Machine

[Muscle_Hypertrophy-1] Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.

[2] "Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-19.

[Kusumoto2004-3] Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

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+{{short description|Increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells}}
-{{refimprove|date=September 2014}}
-{{Infobox medical condition|
+{{more medical citations needed|date=May 2017}}
+{{Infobox medical condition (new)
-  Name           = Hypertrophy |
-  Image          = Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy.svg |
+| name          = Hypertrophy
+| image         = Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy.svg
-  Caption        = Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas [[hyperplasia]] stems from an increase in cell number  |
+| caption       = Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas [[hyperplasia]] stems from an increase in cell number.|
-  DiseasesDB     = |
-  ICD10          = |
+| pronounce     =
-  ICD9           = |
+| field         =
-  ICDO           = |
+| synonyms      =
-  OMIM           = |
+| symptoms      =
+| complications =
-  MedlinePlus    = |
+| onset         =
-  eMedicineSubj  = |
+| duration      =
-  eMedicineTopic = |
-  MeshID         = D006984 |
+| types         =
+| causes        =
+| risks         =
+| diagnosis     =
+| differential  =
+| prevention    =
+| treatment     =
+| medication    =
+| prognosis     =
+| frequency     =
+| deaths        =
 }}
-{{-plasia}}
-[[Image:Ipertrofia miocardica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Forensic post-mortem examination of a case of [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], showing thickening of the [[cardiac muscle]].]]
-'''Hypertrophy''' ([[IPA]] /haɪˈpɝːtrəfi/, from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component [[Cell (biology)|cells]].<ref name="Muscle Hypertrophy">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Richard|last2=Kravitz|first2=Len|title=Skeletal muscle hypertrophy|url=https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html|website=www.unm.edu}}</ref> It is distinguished from [[hyperplasia]], in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the [[hormone|hormonally]]-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the [[uterus]] during [[pregnancy]].
+'''Hypertrophy''' is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component [[Cell (biology)|cells]].<ref name="Muscle Hypertrophy">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Richard|last2=Kravitz|first2=Len|title=Skeletal muscle hypertrophy|url=https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html|website=www.unm.edu}}</ref> It is distinguished from [[hyperplasia]], in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003441.htm|access-date=2023-02-19|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en}}</ref> Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the [[hormone|hormonally]] induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the [[uterus]] during [[pregnancy]].
-'''Eccentric hypertrophy''' is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the [[left ventricle]] of heart.<ref name=Kusumoto2004 >{{citation | last=Kusumoto | first=F. M. | year=2004 | title=Cardiovascular Pathophysiology | publisher=Hayes Barton Press | isbn=978-1-59377-189-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHT_w_gUeK4C&pg=PA22&dq=Eccentric+hypertrophy&hl=en&ei=UxCWTYe_Kcqr8AOl6JQY&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Eccentric%20hypertrophy&f=falseC  | pages=20–22 }}</ref> [[Sarcomere]]s are added in series, as for example in [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] (in contrast to [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], a type of [[concentric hypertrophy]], where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
+'''Eccentric hypertrophy''' is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the [[left ventricle]] of heart.<ref name=Kusumoto2004 >{{citation | last=Kusumoto | first=F. M. | year=2004 | title=Cardiovascular Pathophysiology | publisher=Hayes Barton Press | isbn=978-1-59377-189-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHT_w_gUeK4C&q=Eccentric+hypertrophy&pg=PA22 | pages=20–22 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Sarcomere]]s are added in series, as for example in [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] (in contrast to [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], a type of [[concentric hypertrophy]], where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
+==Gallery==
+<gallery>
+Gould Pyle 234.jpg|[[Breast hypertrophy|Breasts]]
+Hypertrophied clitoris.jpg|[[Clitoromegaly|Clitoris]]
+Head of a boy with hypertrophy of the ear Wellcome L0062496.jpg|[[Ear]]
+Gould Pyle 127.jpg|[[Fingers]]
+Feet from a case of partial hypertrophy of the foot Wellcome L0061374.jpg|[[Foot]] (partial)
+Hypertrophy of the gums Wellcome L0062728.jpg|[[Gingival enlargement|Gums]]
+Hypertrophy from Carswell, 1838. Wellcome L0000931.jpg|[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|Heart]]
+Kidney hypertrophy Wellcome L0005308.jpg|[[Kidneys]]
+Face of man with hypertrophy of the temporal muscles Wellcome L0062508.jpg|[[Temporal muscles]]
+Tibia affected by chronic inflammatory hypertrophy Wellcome L0061256.jpg|[[Tibia]] (inflammatory)
+Inflammatory hypertrophy of the tongue Wellcome L0061277.jpg|[[Macroglossia|Tongue]] (inflammatory)
+Gould Pyle 100.jpg|[[Upper lip]]
+Operative gynecology - (1906) (14780430391).jpg|[[Urethral meatus]]
+</gallery>
+{{-plasia}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 31: / Line 56: @@
 == External links ==
+{{Medical resources
-*[http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/hypertrophy.shtml University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy]
+| DiseasesDB      =
+| ICD10           =
+| ICD9            =
+| ICDO            =
+| OMIM            =
+| MedlinePlus     =
+| eMedicineSubj   =
+| eMedicineTopic  =
+| MeshID          = D006984
+| SNOMED CT       = 56246009
+}}
+*[http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/hypertrophy.shtml University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421192506/http://muscle.ucsd.edu/Musintro/hypertrophy.shtml |date=2021-04-21 }}
 {{Pathology}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Muscular system]]

v t e Pathology
Principles of pathology	Disease Infection Neoplasia Cause Pathogenesis Hemodynamics Ischemia Inflammation Cell damage Wound healing Cellular adaptation Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia Squamous Glandular Cell death Necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Caseous necrosis Fat necrosis Fibrinoid necrosis Myocytolysis Programmed cell death Apoptosis Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Accumulations pigment Hemosiderin Lipochrome/Lipofuscin Melanin Steatosis
Anatomical pathology	Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Oral and maxillofacial pathology Gross processing Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Immunofluorescence Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Clinical pathology	Clinical chemistry Hematopathology Transfusion medicine Medical microbiology Diagnostic immunology Immunopathology Enzyme assay Mass spectrometry Chromatography Flow cytometry Blood bank Microbiological culture Serology

-plasia and -trophy
Anaplasia (structural differentiation loss within a cell or group of cells). Aplasia (organ or part of organ missing) Desmoplasia (connective tissue growth) Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype) Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells) Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate) Metaplasia (conversion in cell type) Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) Prosoplasia (development of new cell function)
Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue) Atrophy (reduced functionality of an organ, with decrease in the number or volume of cells) Hypertrophy (increase in the volume of cells or tissues) Hypotrophy (decrease in the volume of cells or tissues) Dystrophy (any degenerative disorder resulting from improper or faulty nutrition)
v t e