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{{short description|Increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells}}
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{{Infobox medical condition|
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
Name = Hypertrophy |
Image = Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy.svg |
| name = Hypertrophy
| image = Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy.svg
Caption = Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas [[hyperplasia]] stems from an increase in cell number |
| caption = Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas [[hyperplasia]] stems from an increase in cell number.|
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__NOTOC__


'''Hypertrophy''' ({{IPAc-en|h|aɪ|ˈ|p|ɝː|t|r|ə|f|i}}, from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component [[Cell (biology)|cells]].<ref name="Muscle Hypertrophy">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Richard|last2=Kravitz|first2=Len|title=Skeletal muscle hypertrophy|url=https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html|website=www.unm.edu}}</ref> It is distinguished from [[hyperplasia]], in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.<ref>Updated by Linda J. Vorvick. 8/14/15.[https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003441.htm Hyperplasia]</ref> Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the [[hormone|hormonally]]-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the [[uterus]] during [[pregnancy]].
'''Hypertrophy''' is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component [[Cell (biology)|cells]].<ref name="Muscle Hypertrophy">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Richard|last2=Kravitz|first2=Len|title=Skeletal muscle hypertrophy|url=https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/hypertrophy.html|website=www.unm.edu}}</ref> It is distinguished from [[hyperplasia]], in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003441.htm|access-date=2023-02-19|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en}}</ref> Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the [[hormone|hormonally]] induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the [[uterus]] during [[pregnancy]].

'''Eccentric hypertrophy''' is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the [[left ventricle]] of heart.<ref name=Kusumoto2004 >{{citation | last=Kusumoto | first=F. M. | year=2004 | title=Cardiovascular Pathophysiology | publisher=Hayes Barton Press | isbn=978-1-59377-189-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHT_w_gUeK4C&pg=PA22&dq=Eccentric+hypertrophy&hl=en&ei=UxCWTYe_Kcqr8AOl6JQY&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Eccentric%20hypertrophy&f=falseC | pages=20–22 }}</ref> [[Sarcomere]]s are added in series, as for example in [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] (in contrast to [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], a type of [[concentric hypertrophy]], where sarcomeres are added in parallel).


'''Eccentric hypertrophy''' is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the [[left ventricle]] of heart.<ref name=Kusumoto2004 >{{citation | last=Kusumoto | first=F. M. | year=2004 | title=Cardiovascular Pathophysiology | publisher=Hayes Barton Press | isbn=978-1-59377-189-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHT_w_gUeK4C&q=Eccentric+hypertrophy&pg=PA22 | pages=20–22 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Sarcomere]]s are added in series, as for example in [[dilated cardiomyopathy]] (in contrast to [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], a type of [[concentric hypertrophy]], where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
[[Image:Ipertrofia miocardica.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Forensic post-mortem examination of a case of [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], showing thickening of the [[cardiac muscle]].]]
Gould Pyle 234.jpg|[[Breast hypertrophy|Breasts]]
{{align|center|{{-plasia}}}}
Hypertrophied clitoris.jpg|[[Clitoromegaly|Clitoris]]
{{clear left}}
Head of a boy with hypertrophy of the ear Wellcome L0062496.jpg|[[Ear]]
Gould Pyle 127.jpg|[[Fingers]]
Feet from a case of partial hypertrophy of the foot Wellcome L0061374.jpg|[[Foot]] (partial)
Hypertrophy of the gums Wellcome L0062728.jpg|[[Gingival enlargement|Gums]]
Hypertrophy from Carswell, 1838. Wellcome L0000931.jpg|[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|Heart]]
Kidney hypertrophy Wellcome L0005308.jpg|[[Kidneys]]
Face of man with hypertrophy of the temporal muscles Wellcome L0062508.jpg|[[Temporal muscles]]
Tibia affected by chronic inflammatory hypertrophy Wellcome L0061256.jpg|[[Tibia]] (inflammatory)
Inflammatory hypertrophy of the tongue Wellcome L0061277.jpg|[[Macroglossia|Tongue]] (inflammatory)
Gould Pyle 100.jpg|[[Upper lip]]
Operative gynecology - (1906) (14780430391).jpg|[[Urethral meatus]]
</gallery>
{{-plasia}}


==See also==
==See also==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
*[http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/hypertrophy.shtml University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy]
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
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| MeshID = D006984
| SNOMED CT = 56246009
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*[http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/hypertrophy.shtml University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421192506/http://muscle.ucsd.edu/Musintro/hypertrophy.shtml |date=2021-04-21 }}


{{Pathology}}
{{Pathology}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Muscular system]]
[[Category:Muscular system]]

Latest revision as of 16:15, 27 August 2024

Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number.

Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.[1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.[2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall size and volume are enlarged. It is applied especially to the left ventricle of heart.[3] Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hernandez, Richard; Kravitz, Len. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.
  2. ^ "Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  3. ^ Kusumoto, F. M. (2004), Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hayes Barton Press, pp. 20–22, ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8[permanent dead link]
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