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An unusual cluster of galena crystals from the Tri-State district. The gold-colored mineral is chalcopyrite. Size: 3.9 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm.

The Tri-State district was a historic lead-zinc mining district located in present-day southwest Missouri, southeast Kansas and northeast Oklahoma. The district produced lead and zinc for over 100 years. Production began in the 1850s and 1860s in the Joplin - Granby area of Jasper and Newton counties of southwest Missouri. Production was particularly high during the World War I era and continued after World War II, but with declining activity. As jobs left the area, the communities declined in population.

The Picher, Oklahoma mines were finally closed in 1967, and the "Swalley" mine near Baxter Springs, Kansas in 1970.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Because of extensive toxic environmental wastes produced from these lead and zinc deposits, known as chat, large areas have been rendered uninhabitable and damage has been caused to air, land and water quality. In some areas, such as Picher, Oklahoma, the federal government bought out the last inhabitants and the town was disincorporated in 2013.

Three large sites in this district have been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as mining-related Superfund sites: the Tar Creek Superfund site in northeast Oklahoma; the Jasper County and Newton County sites in southwest Missouri; and the Cherokee County site in southeast Kansas.^[5] In 2019 EPA announced a plan for continued funding of $16 million annually for cleanup at Tar Creek.

References

^ Brockie, Douglas C., et al., The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, in Ridge, John D., Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967; Vol 1, Ch. 20, pp. 400 - 430, 1968, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
^ "TRI-STATE LEAD AND ZINC DISTRICT". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2015-02-02.
^ "Kansas Geological Survey, Public Information Circular (PIC) 17". Retrieved 2024-07-19.
^ "Swalley Mine, Baxter Springs, Picher Field, Cherokee County, Kansas, USA". Minedat.org. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
^ "Tri-State mining district superfund site" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-12.

External links

Lead and Zinc Mining in Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey
1936 Cherokee County Map, Kansas
Ottawa County Map, Oklahoma

37°00′N 94°30′W / 37.0°N 94.5°W / 37.0; -94.5

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[Ridge-1] Brockie, Douglas C., et al., The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, in Ridge, John D., Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967; Vol 1, Ch. 20, pp. 400 - 430, 1968, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

[OSU-2] "TRI-STATE LEAD AND ZINC DISTRICT". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2015-02-02.

[KGS-3] "Kansas Geological Survey, Public Information Circular (PIC) 17". Retrieved 2024-07-19.

[minedat-4] "Swalley Mine, Baxter Springs, Picher Field, Cherokee County, Kansas, USA". Minedat.org. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

[5] "Tri-State mining district superfund site" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-12.

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+{{short description|Historic U.S. lead-zinc mines}}
+[[File:Cardin OK in 1922.jpg|thumb|View of mines, plant, rail yard in [[Cardin, Oklahoma]] (1922)]]
 [[File:Galena-140505.jpg|thumb|An unusual cluster of [[galena]] crystals from the Tri-State district. The gold-colored mineral is [[chalcopyrite]]. Size: 3.9 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm.]]
-The '''Tri-State district''' was an historic [[lead]]-[[zinc]] [[mining]] district located in southwest [[Missouri]], southeast [[Kansas]] and northeast [[Oklahoma]]. The district produced lead and zinc for over 100 years. Production began in the 1850s and 60s in the [[Joplin, Missouri|Joplin]] - [[Granby, Missouri|Granby]] area of [[Jasper County, Missouri|Jasper]] and [[Newton County, Missouri|Newton]] counties of southwest Missouri and continued until the closure of the [[Picher, Oklahoma]] mines in 1967.<ref name=Ridge>Brockie, Douglas C., et.al., ''The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma,'' in Ridge, John D., ''Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967;'' Vol 1, Ch. 20, pp. 400 - 430, 1968, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.</ref><ref name=OSU>http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/T/TR014.html ''TRI-STATE LEAD AND ZINC DISTRICT'', Oklahoma Historical Society</ref>  The tri-state district includes three [[Superfund]] sites: the [[Tar Creek Superfund site]] in Oklahoma, and two others in Missouri and Kansas.
+The '''Tri-State district''' was a historic [[lead]]-[[zinc]] [[Mining district (North America)|mining district]] located in present-day southwest [[Missouri]], southeast [[Kansas]] and northeast [[Oklahoma]]. The district produced lead and zinc for over 100 years. Production began in the 1850s and 1860s in the [[Joplin, Missouri|Joplin]] - [[Granby, Missouri|Granby]] area of [[Jasper County, Missouri|Jasper]] and [[Newton County, Missouri|Newton]] counties of southwest Missouri. Production was particularly high during the World War I era and continued after World War II, but with declining activity. As jobs left the area, the communities declined in population.
+The [[Picher, Oklahoma]] mines were finally closed in 1967, and the "Swalley" mine near [[Baxter Springs, Kansas]] in 1970.<ref name=Ridge>Brockie, Douglas C., et al., ''The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Tri-State District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma,'' in Ridge, John D., ''Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967;'' Vol 1, Ch. 20, pp. 400 - 430, 1968, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.</ref><ref name=OSU>{{Cite web | url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/T/TR014.html | title=TRI-STATE LEAD AND ZINC DISTRICT | publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202131909/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/T/TR014.html | archive-date=2015-02-02}}</ref><ref name=KGS>{{Cite web | url=http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/pic17/pic17_2.html | title=Kansas Geological Survey, Public Information Circular (PIC) 17 | access-date=2024-07-19}}</ref><ref name=minedat>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mindat.org/loc-23602.html | website=Minedat.org | title=Swalley Mine, Baxter Springs, Picher Field, Cherokee County, Kansas, USA | access-date=2024-07-19}}</ref> Because of extensive toxic environmental wastes produced from these lead and zinc deposits, known as [[chat (mining)|chat]], large areas have been rendered uninhabitable and damage has been caused to air, land and water quality. In some areas, such as [[Picher, Oklahoma]], the federal government bought out the last inhabitants and the town was disincorporated in 2013.
+Three large sites in this district have been classified by the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] as mining-related [[Superfund]] sites: the [[Tar Creek Superfund site]] in northeast Oklahoma; the Jasper County and Newton County sites in southwest Missouri; and the Cherokee County site in southeast Kansas.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.sagchip.org/planning/NRDR/pdf/TriStateMining.pdf | title=Tri-State mining district superfund site | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204717/http://www.sagchip.org/planning/NRDR/pdf/TriStateMining.pdf | archive-date=2018-09-12}}</ref> In 2019 EPA announced a plan for continued funding of $16 million annually for cleanup at Tar Creek.
 ==See also==
-*[[List of Superfund sites in the United States]]
+* [[List of Superfund sites in the United States]]
 ==References==
-{{Commons|Minerals of Tri-State District}}
+{{Commons|Picher Field, Tri-State District}}
 {{Reflist}}
+==External links==
-{{coord missing|Missouri}}
+* [http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/pic17/pic17_1.html Lead and Zinc Mining in Kansas], Kansas Geological Survey
+* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/PastPublishedCounty/Cherokee1936.PDF 1936 Cherokee County Map], Kansas
+* [http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/maps/county/map_co_58-ottawa.pdf Ottawa County Map], Oklahoma
+{{Authority control}}
+{{Coord|37.0|-94.5|format=dms|display=title|region:US-MO_scale:1000000}}
-[[Category:Lead mines in the United States]]
+[[Category:Lead and zinc mines in the United States]]
-[[Category:Zinc mines in the United States]]
 [[Category:Ore deposits]]
 [[Category:Mining in Missouri]]
+[[Category:Mining in Kansas]]
+[[Category:Mining in Oklahoma]]
+[[Category:Mining districts in North America]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF WorldCat
National	United States