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{{Short description|19th century Qing-dynasty scholar and imperial tutor}}
{{Chinese name|[[Weng (surname)|Weng]]}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Weng (surname)|Weng]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Imperial tutor
⚫
|image=Weng_Tonghe2.jpg

|birth_date=1830
|name=Weng Tonghe
⚫
|death_date={{death year and age|1904|1830}}
⚫
|image=Weng Tonghe2.jpg
⚫
|parents=Weng Xinchun [[:zh:翁心存|翁心存]]

⚫
|relations=Weng Tongshu [[:zh:翁同書|翁同書]]
| office = [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Councilor]]
⚫
|other_names=[[Posthumous name]]: Wengong 文恭
| term_start = 13 November 1894
|awards=Zhuangyuan of 1856 [[imperial examinations]]
| term_end = 15 June 1898
|office=Minister of Revenue 户部尚書
| predecessor =
|term=3 January 1886 - 15 June 1898
| successor =

| term_start1 = 14 December 1882
| term_end1 = 8 April 1884
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =

| office2 = [[Grand Secretariat|Assistant Grand Secretary]]
| term_start2 = 1897
| term_end2 = 1898
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =

| office3 = [[Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)|Minister of Revenue]]
| term_start3 = 3 January 1886
| term_end3 = 15 June 1898
| alongside3 = Fukun (until 1892), Xijing (1892–1895), Jingxin (since 1895)
| predecessor3 = Yan Jingming
| successor3 = Wang Wenshao

| office4 = [[Ministry of Works (imperial China)|Minister of Works]]
| term_start4 = 18 June 1879
| term_end4 = 3 January 1886
| alongside4 = Quanqing (until 1880), Ruilian (1880–1883), Linshu (1883–1884), Fukun (since 1884)
| predecessor4 = [[Pan Zuyin]]
| successor4 = Pan Zuyin

| office5 = [[Ministry of Justice (imperial China)|Minister of Justice]]
| term_start5 = 17 February
| term_end5 = 18 June 1879
| alongside5 = Wenyu
| predecessor5 = Sang Chunrong
| successor5 = Pan Zuyin

| blank1 = [[Courtesy name]]
| data1 = Shuping (叔平)
| blank2 = [[Art name]]
| data2 = Songchan (松禪)
⚫
| blank3 = [[Posthumous name]]
| data3 = Wengong (文恭)

| education = ''[[Jinshi]]'' degree in the [[Imperial Examination]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1830|5|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Changshu]], Jiangsu, [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]]
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1904|7|4|1830|5|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = Beijing, Qing Empire
| occupation = Politician
⚫
|parents=Weng Xinchun ([[:zh:翁心存|翁心存]]; father)
⚫
|relations=Weng Tongshu ([[:zh:翁同書|翁同書]]; elder brother)
}}
}}
'''Weng Tonghe''' ({{zh|c=翁同龢|p=Wēng Tónghé|w=Weng T'ung-ho}}, 1830–1904, [[courtesy name]] '''Shuping''' 叔平) was a Chinese Confucian scholar and imperial tutor during the [[Qing]] dynasty. In 1856, he was awarded the highest degree in the [[imperial examinations]] and he subsequently became a member of the prestigious [[Hanlin Academy]].
'''Weng Tonghe''' ({{zh|t=翁同龢|p=Wēng Tónghé|w=Weng T'ung-ho}}; 1830–1904), [[courtesy name]] '''Shuping''' ({{lang|zh|叔平}}), was a Chinese [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar and imperial tutor who lived in the [[Qing dynasty]]. In 1856, he obtained the position of ''[[zhuangyuan]]'' (or top scholar) in the [[imperial examination]] and was subsequently admitted to the prestigious [[Hanlin Academy]].


Weng Tonghe's father was an official who had been persecuted by an influential faction at the imperial court led by [[Sushun|Su Shun]]. However, in 1861, a coup took place bringing about the deposition of Su Shun and his faction, and the new government, led by [[Yixin, Prince Gong]], [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]] and [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] placed the senior Weng to high office.<ref>''A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898'' (Harvard University Study Center, 1984), pgs. 51 & 52</ref>(Weng would die in 1862, however).
Weng's father, Weng Xincun, was an official who had been persecuted by an influential faction in the Qing imperial court led by [[Sushun (Qing dynasty)|Sushun]]. Weng Xincun was a tutor of Daoguang Emperor's sons, [[Yihui]] and [[Yihe]]. However, in 1861, [[Xinyou Coup|a coup]] took place, bringing about the deposition of Sushun and his faction, and the new government, led by [[Prince Gong (Qing dynasty)|Prince Gong]], [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]] and [[Empress Dowager Cixi]], placed the senior Weng to high office.<ref>''A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898'' (Harvard University Study Center, 1984), pgs. 51 & 52</ref>


In 1865, Weng Tonghe was appointed as a tutor to the [[Tongzhi Emperor]],<ref name="Kwong">Kwong, Luke S.K. ''A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898'' (Harvard University Study Center, 1984).</ref>{{rp|51}} joining another tutor by the name of Wo Ren,<ref>Seagrave, Sterling ''Dragon Lady: the Life & Legend of the Last Empress of China'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992) pg. 117</ref> as well as a lecturer to the two dowager empresses.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|51}} In 1873, Emperor Tongzhi took up the reins of power and two years later, he was dead.
In 1865, Weng was appointed as a tutor to the [[Tongzhi Emperor]],<ref name="Kwong">Kwong, Luke S.K. ''A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898'' (Harvard University Study Center, 1984).</ref>{{rp|51}} joining another tutor by the name of Wo Ren,<ref>Seagrave, Sterling ''Dragon Lady: the Life & Legend of the Last Empress of China'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992) pg. 117</ref> as well as a lecturer to the two empress dowagers.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|51}} The Tongzhi Emperor formally took over the reins of power from his regents in 1873 but died two years later.


He apparently had been exonerated from the disastrous failure of the education of Emperor Tongzhi, as he was appointed as a tutor of Emperor Tongzhi's successor, the [[Guangxu Emperor]].<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|45}} As tutor to the Emperor Guangxu, he emphasized the boy-emperor's filial duties to Dowager Empress Cixi, making her an object of fear and reverence for him.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|50}}
Weng had apparently been exonerated from the disastrous failure of the education of the Tongzhi Emperor, as he was appointed as a tutor to the Tongzhi Emperor's successor, the [[Guangxu Emperor]].<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|45}} As a tutor to the Guangxu Emperor, Weng emphasized the boy-emperor's filial duties to Empress Dowager Cixi, making her an object of fear and reverence for him.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|50}}


Along with his role as tutor, he accrued increased political power, occupying several important posts in Qing administration, including Vice President and later President of the Board of Revenue, Director of the Censorate and President of the Board of Punishment. He also served on the [[Grand Council (Qing Dynasty)|Grand Council]] 1882–84 and participated in decisions made in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|51}}
Along with his role as tutor, Weng accrued increased political power, occupying several important posts in the Qing administration, including Vice President and later President of the Board of Revenue, Director of the Censorate and President of the Board of Punishments. He also served on the [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Council]] 1882–84 and participated in decisions made in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]].<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|51}}


He was also known for being a patron of [[Kang Youwei]], a man whom Weng began to dissociate with by the spring of 1898,<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|146}} and in light of this connection, it's been argued that Dowager Empress Cixi removed him from office. However, it apparently was the emperor himself who removed him from office in June 1898, after the two got into a quarrel.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|162}}
Weng was also known for being a patron of [[Kang Youwei]], a man whom he began to dissociate with by the spring of 1898,<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|146}} and in light of this connection, it has been argued that Empress Dowager Cixi removed him from office. However, apparently it was the Guangxu Emperor himself who removed Weng from office in June 1898 after they got into a quarrel.<ref name="Kwong"/>{{rp|162}}

Weng is the great-great-grandfather of Wango Weng (翁萬戈; 1918–2020), a well-known art historian, art collector, calligrapher, film maker and poet, who inherited many of the artistic masterpieces collected by Weng Tonghe, and who has donated many of them to major museums.


==References==
==References==
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* [http://www.skyren-art.com/en/dingshimei/calligraphy-/352-1830-1904.html Weng Tonghe (1830-1904) Calligraphy Gallery]
* [http://www.skyren-art.com/en/dingshimei/calligraphy-/352-1830-1904.html Weng Tonghe (1830-1904) Calligraphy Gallery]
* {{cite ECCP|title=Wêng T'ung-ho}}
* [[Arthur W. Hummel, Sr.|Hummel, Arthur William]], ed. ''Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912).'' 2 vols. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943.

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Weng Tonghe}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Weng, Tonghe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Qing Dynasty politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1830
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1904
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weng, Tonghe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weng, Tonghe}}
[[Category:1830 births]]
[[Category:1830 births]]
Line 45: Line 91:
[[Category:Artists from Suzhou]]
[[Category:Artists from Suzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese scholars]]
[[Category:Chinese scholars]]
[[Category:People listed in Hummel's Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period]]
[[Category:Politicians from Suzhou]]
[[Category:Politicians from Suzhou]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty calligraphers]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty calligraphers]]
⚫
[[Category:Qing dynasty politicians from Jiangsu]]
[[Category:People from Changshu]]
[[Category:People from Changshu]]
[[Category:Burials in Suzhou]]
[[Category:Grand Councillors of the Qing dynasty]]
[[Category:Assistant grand secretaries]]
[[Category:Ministers of Zongli Yamen]]
[[Category:Imperial tutors in Qing dynasty]]
⚫
[[Category:Qing dynasty zhuangyuan]]

Latest revision as of 14:56, 28 August 2024

In this Chinese name, the family name is Weng.
Imperial tutor
Weng Tonghe
Grand Councilor
In office
13 November 1894 – 15 June 1898
In office
14 December 1882 – 8 April 1884
Assistant Grand Secretary
In office
1897–1898
Minister of Revenue
In office
3 January 1886 – 15 June 1898
Serving with Fukun (until 1892), Xijing (1892–1895), Jingxin (since 1895)
Preceded byYan Jingming
Succeeded byWang Wenshao
Minister of Works
In office
18 June 1879 – 3 January 1886
Serving with Quanqing (until 1880), Ruilian (1880–1883), Linshu (1883–1884), Fukun (since 1884)
Preceded byPan Zuyin
Succeeded byPan Zuyin
Minister of Justice
In office
17 February – 18 June 1879
Serving with Wenyu
Preceded bySang Chunrong
Succeeded byPan Zuyin
Personal details
Born(1830-05-19)19 May 1830
Changshu, Jiangsu, Qing Empire
Died4 July 1904(1904-07-04) (aged 74)
Beijing, Qing Empire
RelationsWeng Tongshu (翁同書; elder brother)
Parent(s)Weng Xinchun (翁心存; father)
EducationJinshi degree in the Imperial Examination
OccupationPolitician
Courtesy nameShuping (叔平)
Art nameSongchan (松禪)
Posthumous nameWengong (文恭)

Weng Tonghe (Chinese: 翁同龢; pinyin: Wēng Tónghé; Wade–Giles: Weng T'ung-ho; 1830–1904), courtesy name Shuping (叔平), was a Chinese Confucian scholar and imperial tutor who lived in the Qing dynasty. In 1856, he obtained the position of zhuangyuan (or top scholar) in the imperial examination and was subsequently admitted to the prestigious Hanlin Academy.

Weng's father, Weng Xincun, was an official who had been persecuted by an influential faction in the Qing imperial court led by Sushun. Weng Xincun was a tutor of Daoguang Emperor's sons, Yihui and Yihe. However, in 1861, a coup took place, bringing about the deposition of Sushun and his faction, and the new government, led by Prince Gong, Empress Dowager Ci'an and Empress Dowager Cixi, placed the senior Weng to high office.[1]

In 1865, Weng was appointed as a tutor to the Tongzhi Emperor,[2]: 51  joining another tutor by the name of Wo Ren,[3] as well as a lecturer to the two empress dowagers.[2]: 51  The Tongzhi Emperor formally took over the reins of power from his regents in 1873 but died two years later.

Weng had apparently been exonerated from the disastrous failure of the education of the Tongzhi Emperor, as he was appointed as a tutor to the Tongzhi Emperor's successor, the Guangxu Emperor.[2]: 45  As a tutor to the Guangxu Emperor, Weng emphasized the boy-emperor's filial duties to Empress Dowager Cixi, making her an object of fear and reverence for him.[2]: 50 

Along with his role as tutor, Weng accrued increased political power, occupying several important posts in the Qing administration, including Vice President and later President of the Board of Revenue, Director of the Censorate and President of the Board of Punishments. He also served on the Grand Council 1882–84 and participated in decisions made in the First Sino-Japanese War.[2]: 51 

Weng was also known for being a patron of Kang Youwei, a man whom he began to dissociate with by the spring of 1898,[2]: 146  and in light of this connection, it has been argued that Empress Dowager Cixi removed him from office. However, apparently it was the Guangxu Emperor himself who removed Weng from office in June 1898 after they got into a quarrel.[2]: 162 

Weng is the great-great-grandfather of Wango Weng (翁萬戈; 1918–2020), a well-known art historian, art collector, calligrapher, film maker and poet, who inherited many of the artistic masterpieces collected by Weng Tonghe, and who has donated many of them to major museums.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898 (Harvard University Study Center, 1984), pgs. 51 & 52
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Kwong, Luke S.K. A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898 (Harvard University Study Center, 1984).
  3. ^ Seagrave, Sterling Dragon Lady: the Life & Legend of the Last Empress of China (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992) pg. 117
  • Weng Tonghe (1830-1904) Calligraphy Gallery
  • Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Wêng T'ung-ho" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
[edit]
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