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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| color = pink
| name = ''Ophryacus''
| image = Ophryacus undulatus 9458405.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Ophryacus
⚫
| authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1887<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
| classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| subordo = [[Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Crotalinae]]
| genus = '''''Ophryacus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], [[1887]]
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Ophryacus'' - Cope, 1887<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}
}}


:'''''Common names''': Mexican horned pitvipers.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.</ref>''
:'''''Common names''': Mexican horned pitvipers.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.</ref>''

'''''Ophryacus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pit vipers]] endemic to [[Mexico]]. The name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''ophrys'' and the suffix ''-acutus'', which means "brow" and "belonging to"; an allusion to the characteristic hornlike scales over the eyes.<ref name="C&L04"/> Currently two [[species]] are recognized and no subspecies.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|ID=585665|taxon=Ophryacus|year=2006|date=4 November}}</ref>
'''''Ophryacus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Crotalinae|pit vipers]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Mexico]]. The name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''ophrys'' (ὀφρύς), which means "brow", and the [[Latin language|Latin]] word ''acus'', which means "needle", an allusion to the characteristic horn-like scales over the eyes.<ref name="C&L04"/> Currently, three [[species]] are recognized and no [[subspecies]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=585665 |taxon=Ophryacus |accessdate=4 November 2006}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The largest of the two species, ''[[Ophryacus undulatus|O. undulatus]]'', grows to between 55 and 70 cm in length. They are characterized by the presence of a single scale over they eye that takes the shape of either a long and relatively slender spine, or a flattened horn. Often, other [[supraocular scales]] are also shaped in such a way that they project slightly.<ref name="C&L04"/>
The larger of the two species, ''[[Ophryacus undulatus|O. undulatus]]'', grows to between {{convert|55|and|70|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. They are characterized by the presence of a single scale over the eye that takes the shape of either a long and relatively slender spine, or a flattened horn. Often, other [[supraocular scales]] are also shaped in such a way that they project slightly.<ref name="C&L04"/>


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
Restricted to the mountains of central and southern [[Mexico]].<ref name="McD99"/>
They are restricted to the mountains of eastern, central and southern Mexico.<ref name="McD99"/>


==Species==
==Species==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Authority<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="C&L04"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="C&L04"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|-
|''[[Ophryacus melanurus|O. melanurus]]''
|''[[Ophryacus smaragdinus|O. smaragdinus]]''
|Grünwald, Jones, Franz-Chávez & Ahumada-Carrillo, 2015
|([[L. Müller|Müller]], [[1924]])
|Emerald Horned Pitviper
|Black-tailed horned pitviper
|Eastern Mexico.
|style="width:40%"|The mountains of southern [[Mexico]] (southern [[Puebla]] and [[Oaxaca]] at elevations of 1600-2400 m.
|-
|-
|''[[Ophryacus undulatus|O. undulatus]]''<font size="-1"><sup>T</sup></font>
|''[[Ophryacus sphenophrys|O. sphenophrys]]''
|([[G. Jan|Jan]], [[1859]])
|([[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]], 1924)
|Mexican horned pitviper
|Broad-horned Pitviper
|style="width:40%"|The mountains of [[Oaxaca]].
⚫
|The mountains of central and southern Mexico ([[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]], [[Veracruz]], Oaxaca and [[Guerrero]]) west of the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]] at evelevations of 1800-2800 m.
|-
|-
|''[[Ophryacus undulatus|O. undulatus]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1859)
|Slender-horned Pitviper
⚫
|The mountains of central and southern Mexico ([[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]], [[Veracruz]], [[Oaxaca]], and [[Guerrero]]) west of the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]] at elevations of 1800–2800 m (5,900–9200 feet).
|}
|}
<font size="-1"><sup>T</sup></font>) [[Type species]].<ref name="McD99"/>
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].<ref name="McD99"/>

==See also==
* {{c|American pit vipers by common name}}.
* {{c|American pit vipers by taxonomic synonyms}}.
* [[Snakebite]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
<div class="references-small">
* [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope, E.D.]] 1887. Catalogue of Batrachians and Reptiles [Batrachia and Reptilia] of Central America and Mexico. <br>Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 1-98. ("''Ophryacus'' Cope, ''gen. nov.''", p.&nbsp;88.)
* [[Mark O'Shea|O'Shea, M]]. 2005. Venomous Snakes of the World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.
* [[Mark O'Shea (herpetologist)|O'Shea, M]]. 2005. Venomous Snakes of the World. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12436-1}}.
</div>
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Ophryacus|date=12 December|year=2007}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Ophryacus|date=12 December|year=2007}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1926258}}
⚫
[[Category:Crotalinae]]
⚫
[[Category:Fauna of Mexico]]


[[nl:Ophryacus]]
[[Category:Crotalinae]]
⚫
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of Mexico]]
⚫
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope]]

Latest revision as of 21:56, 28 August 2024

Ophryacus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Crotalinae
Genus: Ophryacus
Cope, 1887[1]
Common names: Mexican horned pitvipers.[2]

Ophryacus is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Mexico. The name is derived from the Greek word ophrys (ὀφρύς), which means "brow", and the Latin word acus, which means "needle", an allusion to the characteristic horn-like scales over the eyes.[2] Currently, three species are recognized and no subspecies.[3]

Description

[edit]

The larger of the two species, O. undulatus, grows to between 55 and 70 cm (22 and 28 in) in length. They are characterized by the presence of a single scale over the eye that takes the shape of either a long and relatively slender spine, or a flattened horn. Often, other supraocular scales are also shaped in such a way that they project slightly.[2]

Geographic range

[edit]

They are restricted to the mountains of eastern, central and southern Mexico.[1]

Species

[edit]
Species[3] Taxon author[3] Common name[2] Geographic range[1]
O. smaragdinus Grünwald, Jones, Franz-Chávez & Ahumada-Carrillo, 2015 Emerald Horned Pitviper Eastern Mexico.
O. sphenophrys (L. Müller, 1924) Broad-horned Pitviper The mountains of Oaxaca.
O. undulatusT (Jan, 1859) Slender-horned Pitviper The mountains of central and southern Mexico (Hidalgo, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero) west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec at elevations of 1800–2800 m (5,900–9200 feet).

T) Type species.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ a b c d Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
  3. ^ a b c "Ophryacus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 4 November 2006.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Cope, E.D. 1887. Catalogue of Batrachians and Reptiles [Batrachia and Reptilia] of Central America and Mexico.
    Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 1-98. ("Ophryacus Cope, gen. nov.", p. 88.)
  • O'Shea, M. 2005. Venomous Snakes of the World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ophryacus&oldid=1242810310"