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Coordinates: 24°27′14″N 81°52′39″W / 24.45389°N 81.87750°W / 24.45389; -81.87750
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{{Short description|Lighthouse southwest of Key West, Florida, United States}}
{{Infobox lighthouse
{{Infobox lighthouse
| image_name = Sand Key Light 2005.jpg
| image_name = Sand Key Light 2005.jpg
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| lens = first order [[Fresnel lens]]
| lens = first order [[Fresnel lens]]
| range = White {{convert|14|nmi}}, Red {{convert|11|nmi}}
| range = White {{convert|14|nmi}}, Red {{convert|11|nmi}}
|characteristic = Flashing (2) white 15s with red sectors
| characteristic = Flashing (2) white 15s with red sectors
|racon = "N" (— ∘)
| racon = "N" (— ∘)
| admiralty = J3006
| ARLHS = USA-724<ref name="Anderson. 2013">{{Cite rowlett|fl|date=2013-08-17|access-date=2017-09-09}}</ref>
| USCG=3-1055<ref name=cgll>{{cite uscgll|3|2009|12}}</ref><ref name=cghist>{{cite uscghist|FL}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox NRHP
| module = {{Infobox NRHP
| name = Sand Key Lighthouse
| name = Sand Key Lighthouse
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}}
}}
}}
}}
⚫
'''Sand Key Light''' is a lighthouse {{convert|6|nmi}} southwest of [[Key West, Florida]], between Sand Key Channel and Rock Key Channel, two of the channels into Key West, on a [[Sand Key (reef)|reef]] intermittently covered by sand.<ref name="Anderson. 2013">{{Cite rowlett|fl|date=2013-08-17|access-date=2017-09-09}}</ref><ref name=cgll>{{cite uscgll|3|2009|12}}</ref><ref name=cghist>{{cite uscghist|FL}}</ref> At times the key has been substantial enough to have trees, and in 1900 nine to twelve thousand [[tern]]s nested on the island. At other times the island has been washed away completely.<ref name=dean>{{cite book|last1=Love|first1=Dean|title=Reef Lights: Seaswept Lighthouses of the Florida Keys|date=1982|publisher=The Historic Key West Preservation Board|location=Key West, Florida|isbn=0-943528-03-8|pages=45–59}}</ref> The light marks the southernmost point of the [[Hawk Channel]] passage along the [[Florida Keys]].<ref>https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/coast-pilot/files/cp4/CPB4_C11_WEB.pdf</ref>

⚫
'''Sand Key Light''' is a lighthouse {{convert|6|nmi}} southwest of [[Key West, Florida]], between Sand Key Channel and Rock Key Channel, two of the channels into Key West, on a [[Sand Key (reef)|reef]] intermittently covered by sand. At times the key has been substantial enough to have trees, and in 1900 nine to twelve thousand [[tern]]s nested on the island. At other times the island has been washed away completely.<ref name=dean>{{cite book|last1=Love|first1=Dean|title=Reef Lights: Seaswept Lighthouses of the Florida Keys|date=1982|publisher=The Historic Key West Preservation Board|location=Key West, Florida|isbn=0-943528-03-8|pages=45–59}}</ref>


==Early history==
==Early history==
The first navigational light on Sand Key was a {{convert|60|ft|adj=on}} brick tower built in 1827. After the first keeper, John Flaherty, died in 1830, his widow Rebecca took over the job. In 1844 a [[hurricane]] eroded part of the island, destroyed the keeper's house, and damaged the [[seawall]]. The [[Great Havana Hurricane of 1846]] toppled the tower, killing Rebecca Flaherty and five others.<ref name=cghist/><ref name=dean/>
The first navigational light on Sand Key was a {{convert|60|ft|adj=on}} brick tower built in 1827. After the first keeper, John Flaherty, died in 1830, his widow Rebecca took over the job. In 1844 a [[hurricane]] eroded part of the island, destroyed the keeper's house, and damaged the [[seawall]]. The [[1846 Havana hurricane]] toppled the tower, killing the light keeper and five others.<ref name=cghist/><ref name=dean/>{{refn|group=note|Sources contradict. The United States Coast Guard Historian's Office says that "Rebecca Flaherty was keeper for 16 years following the death of her husband in 1830. The Great Havana Hurricane in 1846 eroded the sand ... killing Rebecca Flaherty and five others",<ref name=cghist/> a story which is repeated in several sources, e.g., Dean<ref name=dean/> and McCarthy.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCarthy |first=Kevin M. |others=Paintings by William L. Trotter |date=1990 |title=Florida Lighthouses |location=Gainesville |publisher=University of Florida Press |isbn=0-8130-0982-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/floridalighthous00mcca}}</ref>
On the other hand, the Historian's Office lists the keepers as "Rebecca Flaherty (1830-?), Captain Frederick Neill (? – 1836), Captain Francis Watlington (1836-1837), Captain Joshua Appleby (1837-1846 – killed)" suggesting Flaherty was long gone by 1846. This is supported by Taylor<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Taylor |title=Sand Key Florida's Two Lighthouses |journal=The Keeper's Log |date=Summer 2003 |url=https://uslhs.org/sites/default/files/articles_pdf/sand_key.pdf |access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref> which puts Captain Frederick Neill as Flaherty's second husband, and them leaving Sand Key in 1836.}}


==Reconstructions and renovations==
==Reconstructions and renovations==
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A [[Screw-pile lighthouse|screw-pile]] foundation for a new light on Sand Key was begun in 1852. Funds ran out before the foundation was complete, and the contractor had to wait seven years for final payment. Later that year Lieutenant [[George Meade]], who had completed construction of the [[Carysfort Reef Light]], was placed in charge of construction of the Sand Key Light. The light tower was completed in 1853. This light was the first to use the hydraulic lamp designed by George Meade.<ref name=dean/>
A [[Screw-pile lighthouse|screw-pile]] foundation for a new light on Sand Key was begun in 1852. Funds ran out before the foundation was complete, and the contractor had to wait seven years for final payment. Later that year Lieutenant [[George Meade]], who had completed construction of the [[Carysfort Reef Light]], was placed in charge of construction of the Sand Key Light. The light tower was completed in 1853. This light was the first to use the hydraulic lamp designed by George Meade.<ref name=dean/>


The screw-pile foundation and open framework tower allowed the lighthouse to survive later hurricanes, including one in 1856 that completely washed away all of the island above water.<ref name=dean/> The light was automated in 1938. In 1967 the first order [[Fresnel lens]] was removed and replaced by a fourth order lens. That in turn was removed in 1982 and replaced with a flash tube array. The tower was severely damaged in a fire in 1989, and the light was moved to a nearby temporary structure. An attempt was made to restore the structure of the tower in 1995, but the keeper's quarters were demolished in 1996. The light was returned to the tower in 1998.<ref name=cghist/> The light was deactivated in 2015, and is currently being auctioned by [http://gsaauctions.gov/ GSA Auctions].<ref name=auction>{{cite web|title=Sand Key Lighthouse|url=https://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucitsrh/?sl=PEACH419003001|publisher=GSA Auctions|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424231403/https://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucdsclnk?sl=PEACH419003001|archivedate=24 April 2020}}</ref>
The screw-pile foundation and open framework tower allowed the lighthouse to survive later hurricanes, including one in 1856 that completely washed away all of the island above water.<ref name=dean/> The light was automated in 1938. In 1967 the first order [[Fresnel lens]] was removed and replaced by a fourth order lens. That in turn was removed in 1982 and replaced with a flash tube array. The tower was severely damaged in a fire in 1989, and the light was moved to a nearby temporary structure. An attempt was made to restore the structure of the tower in 1995, but the keeper's quarters were demolished in 1996. The light was returned to the tower in 1998.<ref name=cghist/> The light was deactivated in 2015, and was auctioned by GSA Auctions in 2020 for {{USD|83000}}.<ref name=auction>{{cite web|title=Sand Key Lighthouse|url=https://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucitsrh/?sl=PEACH419003001|publisher=GSA Auctions|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115170827/https://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucdsclnk?sl=PEACH419003001|archivedate=2021-01-15}}</ref>

==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
| lines = 4
|File:USCGSandkey.jpg|U.S. Coast Guard Archive
|File:USCGSandkey.jpg|U.S. Coast Guard Archive
|File:SandKeylhold.jpg|Keeper's quarters intact
|File:SandKeylhold.jpg|Keeper's quarters intact
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==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|title=Inventory of Historic Light Stations Florida Lighthouses|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/sandkey.htm|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=25 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819023813/http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/sandkey.htm|archivedate=19 August 2012}}
*{{cite web|title=Inventory of Historic Light Stations Florida Lighthouses|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/sandkey.htm|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=25 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819023813/http://www.cr.nps.gov/maritime/light/sandkey.htm|archivedate=19 August 2012}}
*{{cite book |last=McCarthy |first=Kevin M. |others=Paintings by William L. Trotter |date=1990 |title=Florida Lighthouses |location=Gainesville |publisher=University of Florida Press |isbn=0-8130-0982-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/floridalighthous00mcca }}
*{{HABS |survey=FL-189 |id=fl0146 |title=Sand Key Lighthouse, Sand Key, Key West, Monroe County, FL |photos=8 |data=6 |cap=1 |supp=yes}}
*{{HABS |survey=FL-189 |id=fl0146 |title=Sand Key Lighthouse, Sand Key, Key West, Monroe County, FL |photos=8 |data=6 |cap=1 |supp=yes}}


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{{Lighthouses of Florida}}
{{Lighthouses of Florida}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Florida}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Florida}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Lighthouses completed in 1853]]
[[Category:Lighthouses completed in 1853]]

Latest revision as of 22:01, 29 August 2024

Sand Key Light
Sand Key Light, 2005
Map
Locationsouthwest of Key West, Florida
Coordinates24°27′14″N 81°52′39″W / 24.45389°N 81.87750°W / 24.45389; -81.87750
Tower
Constructed1827 Edit this on Wikidata
Foundationcast iron screw piling
Constructioncast iron
Automated1938
Shapesquare pyramidal skeletal tower
HeritageNational Register of Historic Places listed place Edit this on Wikidata
Racon"N" (— ∘)
Light
First lit1853
Deactivated2015
Focal height109 feet (33 m)
Lensfirst order Fresnel lens
RangeWhite 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi), Red 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi)
CharacteristicFlashing (2) white 15s with red sectors
Sand Key Lighthouse
Arealess than one acre
ArchitectJ.W.P. Lewis, John F. Riley Ironworks
Architectural styleIron Screw Pile Lighthouse
NRHP reference No.73000589[1]
Added to NRHPApril 11, 1973

Sand Key Light is a lighthouse 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southwest of Key West, Florida, between Sand Key Channel and Rock Key Channel, two of the channels into Key West, on a reef intermittently covered by sand.[2][3][4] At times the key has been substantial enough to have trees, and in 1900 nine to twelve thousand terns nested on the island. At other times the island has been washed away completely.[5] The light marks the southernmost point of the Hawk Channel passage along the Florida Keys.[6]

Early history

[edit]

The first navigational light on Sand Key was a 60-foot (18 m) brick tower built in 1827. After the first keeper, John Flaherty, died in 1830, his widow Rebecca took over the job. In 1844 a hurricane eroded part of the island, destroyed the keeper's house, and damaged the seawall. The 1846 Havana hurricane toppled the tower, killing the light keeper and five others.[4][5][note 1]

Reconstructions and renovations

[edit]

As the Key West Light had also been destroyed in the same storm, a ship, the Honey, was acquired and outfitted as a lightship to serve as the Sand Key Light until new lighthouses could be built. Due to efforts to reorganize the Lighthouse Board, Congress was slow to appropriate funds for the new lighthouses.[4][5]

A screw-pile foundation for a new light on Sand Key was begun in 1852. Funds ran out before the foundation was complete, and the contractor had to wait seven years for final payment. Later that year Lieutenant George Meade, who had completed construction of the Carysfort Reef Light, was placed in charge of construction of the Sand Key Light. The light tower was completed in 1853. This light was the first to use the hydraulic lamp designed by George Meade.[5]

The screw-pile foundation and open framework tower allowed the lighthouse to survive later hurricanes, including one in 1856 that completely washed away all of the island above water.[5] The light was automated in 1938. In 1967 the first order Fresnel lens was removed and replaced by a fourth order lens. That in turn was removed in 1982 and replaced with a flash tube array. The tower was severely damaged in a fire in 1989, and the light was moved to a nearby temporary structure. An attempt was made to restore the structure of the tower in 1995, but the keeper's quarters were demolished in 1996. The light was returned to the tower in 1998.[4] The light was deactivated in 2015, and was auctioned by GSA Auctions in 2020 for US$83,000.[9]

[edit]
  • U.S. Coast Guard Archive
    U.S. Coast Guard Archive
  • Keeper's quarters intact
    Keeper's quarters intact
  • In 1996 after the keeper's quarters were demolished
    In 1996 after the keeper's quarters were demolished
  • In 2019, Photo used for the auction
    In 2019, Photo used for the auction

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Sources contradict. The United States Coast Guard Historian's Office says that "Rebecca Flaherty was keeper for 16 years following the death of her husband in 1830. The Great Havana Hurricane in 1846 eroded the sand ... killing Rebecca Flaherty and five others",[4] a story which is repeated in several sources, e.g., Dean[5] and McCarthy.[7] On the other hand, the Historian's Office lists the keepers as "Rebecca Flaherty (1830-?), Captain Frederick Neill (? – 1836), Captain Francis Watlington (1836-1837), Captain Joshua Appleby (1837-1846 – killed)" suggesting Flaherty was long gone by 1846. This is supported by Taylor[8] which puts Captain Frederick Neill as Flaherty's second husband, and them leaving Sand Key in 1836.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ Rowlett, Russ (2013-08-17). "Lighthouses of the United States: Eastern Florida and the Keys". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
  3. ^ Light List, Volume III, Atlantic Coast, Little River, South Carolina to Econfina River, Florida (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2009. p. 12.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Florida". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Love, Dean (1982). Reef Lights: Seaswept Lighthouses of the Florida Keys. Key West, Florida: The Historic Key West Preservation Board. pp. 45–59. ISBN 0-943528-03-8.
  6. ^ https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/coast-pilot/files/cp4/CPB4_C11_WEB.pdf
  7. ^ McCarthy, Kevin M. (1990). Florida Lighthouses. Paintings by William L. Trotter. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. ISBN 0-8130-0982-0.
  8. ^ Thomas, Taylor (Summer 2003). "Sand Key Florida's Two Lighthouses" (PDF). The Keeper's Log. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Sand Key Lighthouse". GSA Auctions. Archived from the original on 2021-01-15.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sand_Key_Light&oldid=1242994939"