SQL Plus: Difference between revisions
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'''SQL*Plus''' is the most basic [[Oracle Database]] utility, with a basic [[command-line interface]], commonly used by users, administrators, and programmers. |
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[[File:SqlPlus connected.png|thumb|command line]] |
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'''SQL Plus''' is the most basic [[Oracle Database]] utility, with a basic [[command-line interface]], commonly used by users, administrators, and programmers. |
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==Command types== |
==Command types== |
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SQL |
SQL Plus understands five categories of text:<ref name="CommandRef">{{cite web | url=http://www.orafaq.com/faq/sqlplus | title=SQL Plus at orafaq.com | access-date=2007-11-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071109104758/http://www.orafaq.com/faq/sqlplus <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-11-09}}</ref> |
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# SQL statements |
# SQL statements |
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# [[PL/SQL]] blocks |
# [[PL/SQL]] blocks |
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# SQL |
# SQL Plus internal commands, for example: |
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# |
#* environment control commands such as SET |
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# |
#* environment monitoring commands such as SHOW |
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# Comments |
# Comments |
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# External commands prefixed by the ! char |
# External commands prefixed by the ! char |
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| Line 14: | Line 17: | ||
Scripts can include all of these components. |
Scripts can include all of these components. |
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An Oracle programmer in the appropriately configured software environment can launch SQL |
An Oracle programmer in the appropriately configured software environment can launch SQL Plus, for example, by entering: |
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$ sqlplus scott/tiger |
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where the Oracle user <code>scott</code> has the password <code>tiger</code>. SQL |
where the Oracle user <code>scott</code> has the password <code>tiger</code>. SQL Plus then presents a prompt with the default form of: |
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SQL> |
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Interactive use can then start by entering a SQL statement (terminated by a semicolon), a PL/SQL block, or another command. For example: |
Interactive use can then start by entering a SQL statement (terminated by a semicolon), a PL/SQL block, or another command. For example: |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="psql"> |
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:{{samp|SQL>}} {{code|select 'Hello world' as example from dual;|lang=oracle8}} |
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SQL> select 'Hello world' as example from dual; |
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EXAMPLE |
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-------------------------------- |
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Hello world |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The first version of SQL |
The first version of SQL Plus was called ''UFI'' ("User Friendly Interface"). UFI appeared in Oracle database releases up to Version 4. |
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After Oracle programmers had added new features to UFI, its name became ''Advanced UFI''. The name "Advanced UFI" |
After Oracle programmers had added new features to UFI, its name became ''Advanced UFI''. The name "Advanced UFI" changed to "SQL Plus" with the release of the version 5 of Oracle.<ref>{{cite book |year=2004 |title=Oracle Insights |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QE5UntUi-4oC&pg=PA35 |page=35| isbn = 978-1590593875|access-date=March 18, 2014|last1=Millsap |first1=Cary |last2=Kolk |first2=Anjo |last3=McDonald |first3=Connor |last4=Gorman |first4=Tim |last5=Hailey |first5=Kyle |last6=Ensor |first6=David |last7=Lewis |first7=Jonathan |last8=Vaidyanatha |first8=Gaja Krishna |last9=Ruthven |first9=David |last10=Morle |first10=James |publisher=Apress }}</ref> |
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{{As of |2013|8}} the product continues to bear the name ''SQL*Plus''. |
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==Usage== |
==Usage== |
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Graphical interfaces from Oracle or third parties have diminished the proportion of Oracle database end-users who depend on the SQL |
Graphical interfaces from Oracle or third parties have diminished the proportion of [[Oracle Database|Oracle database]] end-users who depend on the SQL Plus environment. Oracle shops typically continue to use SQL Plus scripts for batch updating or simple reports.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} |
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Oracle Corporation's wrappers/gui-fications/replacements for SQL |
Oracle Corporation's wrappers/gui-fications/replacements for SQL Plus include: |
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* Oracle SQL |
* Oracle SQL Plus Worksheet, a component of [[Oracle Enterprise Manager|OEM]]<ref>{{cite web |
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| |
|url = http://docs.cs.cf.ac.uk/html/601/node4.html |
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| |
|title = The SQL Plus Worksheet |
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|access-date = 2008-11-21 |
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|last = Evans |
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|first = Robert |
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|date = 2008-10-01 |
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|publisher = Cardiff University |
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| authorlink = |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081201065932/http://docs.cs.cf.ac.uk/html/601/node4.html |
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| coauthors = |
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| |
|archive-date = 2008-12-01 |
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|quote = Oracle's SQL Plus Worksheet is a straight-forward, easy-to-use, graphical user interface for SQL. |
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| year = |
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| |
|url-status = dead |
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| work = |
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| publisher = Cardiff University |
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| location = |
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| pages = |
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| doi = |
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| archiveurl = |
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| archivedate = |
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| quote = Oracle's SQL*Plus Worksheet is a straight-forward, easy-to-use, graphical user interface for SQL. |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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* iSQL |
* iSQL Plus or iSQLPlus, a web-based utility<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/ISQLPlus |
| url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/ISQLPlus |
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| title = ISQLPlus |
| title = ISQLPlus |
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| |
| access-date = 2008-11-21 |
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| author = |
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| last = |
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| first = |
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| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
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| date = 2008-02-29 |
| date = 2008-02-29 |
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| year = |
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| month = |
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| work = |
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| publisher = Oracle FAQ |
| publisher = Oracle FAQ |
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| quote = iSQLPlus (iSQL Plus) is a web-based utility similar to the SQL Plus command line utility for executing SQL and PL/SQL commands (available up to Oracle 10gR2). |
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| location = |
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| pages = |
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| language = |
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| doi = |
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| archiveurl = |
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| archivedate = |
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| quote = iSQLPlus (iSQL*Plus) is a web-based utility similar to the SQL*Plus command line utility for executing SQL and PL/SQL commands (available up to Oracle 10gR2). |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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| Line 92: | Line 73: | ||
| url = http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_developer/files/featurelist_1_5.htm#nf_sql |
| url = http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_developer/files/featurelist_1_5.htm#nf_sql |
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| title = Oracle SQL Developer 1.5: Feature List |
| title = Oracle SQL Developer 1.5: Feature List |
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| |
| access-date = 2008-11-21 |
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| author = |
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| last = |
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| first = |
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| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
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| date = |
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| year = |
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| month = |
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| work = |
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| publisher = Oracle Corporation |
| publisher = Oracle Corporation |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080724133233/http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_developer/files/featurelist_1_5.htm#nf_sql |
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| location = |
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| archive-date = 2008-07-24 |
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| pages = |
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| |
| url-status = dead |
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| quote = The SQL Plus commands supported by Oracle SQL Developer SQL Worksheet are listed [...] |
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| doi = |
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| archiveurl = |
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| archivedate = |
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| quote = The SQL*Plus commands supported by Oracle SQL Developer SQL Worksheet are listed [...] |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> a component of [[Oracle SQL Developer]] |
</ref> a component of [[Oracle SQL Developer]] |
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| Line 115: | Line 84: | ||
| url = http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/application_express/html/what_is_apex.html |
| url = http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/application_express/html/what_is_apex.html |
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| title = Oracle Application Express |
| title = Oracle Application Express |
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| |
| access-date = 2008-11-21 |
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| author = |
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| last = |
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| first = |
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| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
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| date = |
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| year = |
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| month = |
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| work = |
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| publisher = Oracle Corporation |
| publisher = Oracle Corporation |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061021062241/http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/application_express/html/what_is_apex.html |
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| location = |
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| archive-date = 2006-10-21 |
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| pages = |
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| |
| url-status = dead |
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| doi = |
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| archiveurl = |
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| archivedate = |
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| quote = SQL Workshop provides tools to enable you to view and manage database objects from a Web browser. Use SQL Commands to run SQL and PL/SQL statements. ... |
| quote = SQL Workshop provides tools to enable you to view and manage database objects from a Web browser. Use SQL Commands to run SQL and PL/SQL statements. ... |
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}} |
}} |
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| Line 137: | Line 94: | ||
=== Oracle 11g === |
=== Oracle 11g === |
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Starting from Oracle database 11g, iSqlplus (web based) and sqlplus |
Starting from Oracle database 11g, iSqlplus (web based) and sqlplus GUI no longer ship with Oracle database software.<ref>[http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32006/whatsnew.htm#BGGBABGJ Deprecated Components in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1)], retrieve by 25-Jun-2009</ref> |
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The command-line SQL |
The command-line SQL Plus interface continues in use, mostly{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} for non-interactive scripting or for administrative purposes. The Server Manager Command Line {{--}} a replacement of SQL*DBA {{--}} is obsolete and SQL Plus 8i and later allows the user to issue statements like {{mono|STARTUP}} and {{mono|SHUTDOWN}} when connected as SYSDBA. Server Manager 7.1 introduced the command {{code|2=sql|CONNECT / AS SYSDBA}} to replace {{code|2=sql|CONNECT INTERNAL}}.<ref>[http://docs.oracle.com/cd/A57673_01/DOC/server/doc/SAD73/ch1.htm#selectmethod] Oracle 7 doc, 1994</ref> SQL Plus 8i and later allows the use of CONNECT / AS SYSDBA |
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==Compatibility== |
==Compatibility== |
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Other vendors have made their software somewhat compatible with SQL |
Other vendors have made their software somewhat compatible with SQL Plus script commands or offer a SQL Plus mode of operation. Relevant products include [[TOAD (software)|TOAD]] from [[Quest Software]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=31544&seqNum=17|title=TOAD SQL Editor|last1=Hotka|first1=Dan|last2=Scalzo|first2=Bert|date=2003-04-18}}</ref> |
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== Integration == |
== Integration == |
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| Line 148: | Line 105: | ||
=== Variables === |
=== Variables === |
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SQL |
SQL Plus-internal variables, accessible within an SQL Plus session, include: |
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* user variables, displayable with the DEFINE command and referenceable with one or two cases of a prefixed character (default prefixes: '&' and '&&'). |
* user variables, displayable with the <code>DEFINE</code> command and referenceable with one or two cases of a prefixed character (default prefixes: '&' and '&&'). Oracle Corporation calls these variables "substitution variables". Programmers can use them anywhere in a SQL or PL/SQL statement or in SQL Plus commands. They can be populated by a literal using <code>DEFINE</code> or from the database using the <code>column</code> command. |
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** predefined variables, prefixed with an underscore ('_')<ref> |
** predefined variables, prefixed with an underscore ('_')<ref> |
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{{cite book |
{{cite book |
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|last= Alapati |
|last= Alapati |
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|first= Sam R. |
|first= Sam R. |
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|authorlink= |
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|coauthors= |
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|editor= |
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|others= |
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|title= Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration |
|title= Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration |
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|url= |
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tdRes4IdLiIC |
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|access-date= 2009-07-29 |
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|format= |
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|accessdate= 2009-07-29 |
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|edition= |
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|series= |
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|volume= |
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|date= |
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|origyear= |
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|year= 2008 |
|year= 2008 |
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|month= |
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|publisher= Apress |
|publisher= Apress |
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|location= |
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|isbn= 978-1-4302-1015-3 |
|isbn= 978-1-4302-1015-3 |
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|oclc= |
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|doi= |
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|bibcode= |
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|id= |
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|pages= 118–119 |
|pages= 118–119 |
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|nopp= |
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|chapter= 4 |
|chapter= 4 |
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| |
|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tdRes4IdLiIC&q=sqlplus+predefined+variable&pg=PA118 |
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|quote= |
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|ref= |
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|laysummary= |
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|laydate= |
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|separator= |
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|postscript= |
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|lastauthoramp= |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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| Line 194: | Line 127: | ||
|first = Natalka |
|first = Natalka |
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|last = Roshak |
|last = Roshak |
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|authorlink = |
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|title = Spice up your SQL Scripts with Variables |
|title = Spice up your SQL Scripts with Variables |
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|url = http://www.orafaq.com/node/515 |
|url = http://www.orafaq.com/node/515 |
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|archiveurl = |
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|work = Oracle FAQ |
|work = Oracle FAQ |
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|publisher = |
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|location = |
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|doi = |
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|date = 2005-11-06 |
|date = 2005-11-06 |
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|access-date = 2009-07-29 |
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|archivedate = |
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|quote = & and && indicate substitution variables in SQL Plus scripts or commands. |
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|accessdate = 2009-07-29 |
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|quote = & and && indicate substitution variables in SQL*Plus scripts or commands. |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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| Line 212: | Line 139: | ||
|first = René |
|first = René |
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|last = Nyffenegger |
|last = Nyffenegger |
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| |
|title = Using bind variables in SQL Plus |
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|authorlink = |
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|coauthors = |
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|title = Using bind variables in SQL*Plus |
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|url = http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/sqlplus/use_vars.html |
|url = http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/sqlplus/use_vars.html |
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|archiveurl = |
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|work = René Nyffenegger's collection of things on the web |
|work = René Nyffenegger's collection of things on the web |
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| |
|access-date = 2009-07-29 |
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|quote = In SQL Plus, a bind variable is declared with <code>variable</code> [...] The value of the bind variable can then be printed with <code>print</code> |
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|location = |
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|doi = |
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|date = |
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|month = |
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|year = |
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|archivedate = |
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|accessdate = 2009-07-29 |
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|quote = In SQL*Plus, a bind variable is declared with <code>variable</code> [...] The value of the bind variable can then be printed with <code>print</code> |
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}} |
}} |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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=== Error trapping === |
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The <code>WHENEVER</code> command specifies an action to perform in the event of the system detecting an SQL error<ref> |
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{{cite web |
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| url = https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14357/ch12052.htm |
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| title = SQL Plus User's Guide and Reference |
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| last1 = Watt |
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| first1 = Simon |
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| website = Oracle Help Center |
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| series = Oracle Database Online Documentation, 10g Release 2 (10.2) / Administration |
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| publisher = Oracle |
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| page = 74 |
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| access-date = 2015-11-04 |
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| quote = WHENEVER SQLERROR [...] [d]irects SQL Plus to perform the specified action as soon as it detects a SQL command or PL/SQL block error (but after printing the error message). |
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}} |
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</ref> |
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or an operating-system error<ref> |
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{{cite web |
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| url = https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14357/ch12051.htm |
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| title = SQL Plus User's Guide and Reference |
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| last1 = Watt |
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| first1 = Simon |
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| website = Oracle Help Center |
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| series = Oracle Database Online Documentation, 10g Release 2 (10.2) / Administration |
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| publisher = Oracle |
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| page = 73 |
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| access-date = 2015-11-04 |
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| quote = WHENEVER OSERROR [...] [d]irects SQL Plus to perform the specified action as soon as an operating system error is detected. |
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}} |
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</ref> |
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while running a subsequent SQL Plus command. |
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=== Installation and configuration === |
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SQL*Plus needs to be installed and configured on the machine where you intend to use it. This usually involves setting up Oracle client software and configuring network connections to Oracle databases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oracle database services and products offer customers cost-optimized and high-performance versions of Oracle Database, the world's leading converged, multi-model database management system |url=https://www.oracle.com/database/}}</ref> |
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== Supplementary software == |
== Supplementary software == |
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* [http://www.softtree.com SQL Assistant] SQL Assistant add-on for SQL |
* [http://www.softtree.com SQL Assistant] SQL Assistant add-on for SQL Plus Windows version extends SQL Plus with SQL automatic word completion, in-line Oracle SQL Reference, data export/import, code unit testing, data browsing, and code development functions. |
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* [http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/uck/rlwrap/ rlwrap] rlwrap does [[GNU]] [[Readline]] like command completion for SQL |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101128023958/http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/uck/rlwrap/ rlwrap] rlwrap does [[GNU]] [[Readline]] like command completion for SQL Plus on [[UNIX]] and [[Linux]]. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Oracle SQL Developer]] |
* [[Oracle SQL Developer]] |
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* [[Oracle SQL/PLSQL Developer]] |
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* [[techaid71/most-common-sqlplus-commands]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Line 242: | Line 194: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14357/toc.htm SQL |
* [http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14357/toc.htm SQL Plus documentation] |
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* [http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/SQL |
* [http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/SQL Plus FAQ SQL Plus FAQ] |
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* [http://www.sql-plus.com/ SQL |
* [http://www.sql-plus.com/ SQL Plus tutorial] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sql |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sql Plus}} |
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[[Category:Oracle |
[[Category:Oracle Database]] |
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[[Category:PL/SQL editors]] |
[[Category:PL/SQL editors]] |
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[[Category:SQL clients]] |
[[Category:SQL clients]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:19, 30 August 2024
 | This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (November 2022) |
SQL Plus is the most basic Oracle Database utility, with a basic command-line interface, commonly used by users, administrators, and programmers.
Command types
[edit]SQL Plus understands five categories of text:[1]
- SQL statements
- PL/SQL blocks
- SQL Plus internal commands, for example:
- environment control commands such as SET
- environment monitoring commands such as SHOW
- Comments
- External commands prefixed by the ! char
Scripts can include all of these components.
An Oracle programmer in the appropriately configured software environment can launch SQL Plus, for example, by entering:
$ sqlplus scott/tiger
where the Oracle user scott has the password tiger. SQL Plus then presents a prompt with the default form of:
SQL>
Interactive use can then start by entering a SQL statement (terminated by a semicolon), a PL/SQL block, or another command. For example:
SQL> select 'Hello world' as example from dual;
EXAMPLE
--------------------------------
Hello world
History
[edit]The first version of SQL Plus was called UFI ("User Friendly Interface"). UFI appeared in Oracle database releases up to Version 4.
After Oracle programmers had added new features to UFI, its name became Advanced UFI. The name "Advanced UFI" changed to "SQL Plus" with the release of the version 5 of Oracle.[2]
Usage
[edit]Graphical interfaces from Oracle or third parties have diminished the proportion of Oracle database end-users who depend on the SQL Plus environment. Oracle shops typically continue to use SQL Plus scripts for batch updating or simple reports.[citation needed]
Oracle Corporation's wrappers/gui-fications/replacements for SQL Plus include:
- Oracle SQL Plus Worksheet, a component of OEM[3]
- iSQL Plus or iSQLPlus, a web-based utility[4]
- SQL Worksheet,[5] a component of Oracle SQL Developer
- SQL Workshop (part of Oracle Application Express)[6]
Oracle 11g
[edit]Starting from Oracle database 11g, iSqlplus (web based) and sqlplus GUI no longer ship with Oracle database software.[7]
The command-line SQL Plus interface continues in use, mostly[citation needed] for non-interactive scripting or for administrative purposes. The Server Manager Command Line — a replacement of SQL*DBA — is obsolete and SQL Plus 8i and later allows the user to issue statements like STARTUP and SHUTDOWN when connected as SYSDBA. Server Manager 7.1 introduced the command CONNECT / AS SYSDBA to replace CONNECT INTERNAL.[8] SQL Plus 8i and later allows the use of CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
Compatibility
[edit]Other vendors have made their software somewhat compatible with SQL Plus script commands or offer a SQL Plus mode of operation. Relevant products include TOAD from Quest Software.[9]
Integration
[edit]![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2009) |
Variables
[edit]SQL Plus-internal variables, accessible within an SQL Plus session, include:
- user variables, displayable with the
DEFINEcommand and referenceable with one or two cases of a prefixed character (default prefixes: '&' and '&&'). Oracle Corporation calls these variables "substitution variables". Programmers can use them anywhere in a SQL or PL/SQL statement or in SQL Plus commands. They can be populated by a literal usingDEFINEor from the database using thecolumncommand. - bind variables, prefixed by a colon (':'), which can interact with the PL/SQL environment. Displayable with the VARIABLE and PRINT commands[12]
Error trapping
[edit]The WHENEVER command specifies an action to perform in the event of the system detecting an SQL error[13]
or an operating-system error[14]
while running a subsequent SQL Plus command.
Installation and configuration
[edit]SQL*Plus needs to be installed and configured on the machine where you intend to use it. This usually involves setting up Oracle client software and configuring network connections to Oracle databases.[15]
Supplementary software
[edit]- SQL Assistant SQL Assistant add-on for SQL Plus Windows version extends SQL Plus with SQL automatic word completion, in-line Oracle SQL Reference, data export/import, code unit testing, data browsing, and code development functions.
- rlwrap rlwrap does GNU Readline like command completion for SQL Plus on UNIX and Linux.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "SQL Plus at orafaq.com". Archived from the original on 2007-11-09. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
- ^ Millsap, Cary; Kolk, Anjo; McDonald, Connor; Gorman, Tim; Hailey, Kyle; Ensor, David; Lewis, Jonathan; Vaidyanatha, Gaja Krishna; Ruthven, David; Morle, James (2004). Oracle Insights (1st ed.). Apress. p. 35. ISBN 978-1590593875. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
- ^ Evans, Robert (2008-10-01). "The SQL Plus Worksheet". Cardiff University. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
Oracle's SQL Plus Worksheet is a straight-forward, easy-to-use, graphical user interface for SQL.
- ^ "ISQLPlus". Oracle FAQ. 2008-02-29. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
iSQLPlus (iSQL Plus) is a web-based utility similar to the SQL Plus command line utility for executing SQL and PL/SQL commands (available up to Oracle 10gR2).
- ^ "Oracle SQL Developer 1.5: Feature List". Oracle Corporation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
The SQL Plus commands supported by Oracle SQL Developer SQL Worksheet are listed [...]
- ^ "Oracle Application Express". Oracle Corporation. Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
SQL Workshop provides tools to enable you to view and manage database objects from a Web browser. Use SQL Commands to run SQL and PL/SQL statements. ...
- ^ Deprecated Components in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1), retrieve by 25-Jun-2009
- ^ [1] Oracle 7 doc, 1994
- ^ Hotka, Dan; Scalzo, Bert (2003-04-18). TOAD SQL Editor.
- ^ Alapati, Sam R. (2008). "4". Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration. Apress. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-1-4302-1015-3. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
- ^
Roshak, Natalka (2005-11-06). "Spice up your SQL Scripts with Variables". Oracle FAQ. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
& and && indicate substitution variables in SQL Plus scripts or commands.
- ^
Nyffenegger, René. "Using bind variables in SQL Plus". René Nyffenegger's collection of things on the web. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
In SQL Plus, a bind variable is declared with
variable[...] The value of the bind variable can then be printed withprint - ^
Watt, Simon. "SQL Plus User's Guide and Reference". Oracle Help Center. Oracle Database Online Documentation, 10g Release 2 (10.2) / Administration. Oracle. p. 74. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
WHENEVER SQLERROR [...] [d]irects SQL Plus to perform the specified action as soon as it detects a SQL command or PL/SQL block error (but after printing the error message).
- ^
Watt, Simon. "SQL Plus User's Guide and Reference". Oracle Help Center. Oracle Database Online Documentation, 10g Release 2 (10.2) / Administration. Oracle. p. 73. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
WHENEVER OSERROR [...] [d]irects SQL Plus to perform the specified action as soon as an operating system error is detected.
- ^ "Oracle database services and products offer customers cost-optimized and high-performance versions of Oracle Database, the world's leading converged, multi-model database management system".
