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Coordinates: 84°00′S 79°30′W / 84.0°S 79.5°W / -84.0; -79.5
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Criosfera 1
| name = Criosfera 1
|native_name =
| native_name =
|settlement_type = [[Research station|Research module]]
| settlement_type = [[Research station|Research module]]
|image = {{Location map | Antarctica
| image_map =
| relief = yes
| map_caption =
| width = 225
| pushpin_map = Antarctica
| pushpin_mapsize = 225
| label = Criosfera 1
| pushpin_relief = yes
| lat_deg = -84.00
| coordinates = {{coord|84.0|S|79.5|W|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline,title}}
| lon_deg = -79.30
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{BRA}}
| subdivision_type1 = Territory
| subdivision_name1 = [[Brazilian Antarctica]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 12 January 2012
| population_total =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| website = [https://www.marinha.mil.br/secirm/proantar PROANTAR]
}}
}}
[[File:Inauguração do Criosfera 1.jpg|thumb|Opening of the Cryosphere]]
|image_map =
The '''Criosfera 1''' is a [[Brazil|Brazilian]] standalone [[Research station|research module]] for atmospheric data collection, prepared at the [[National Institute for Space Research]] (INPE) for the [[Brazilian Antarctic Program]] (PROANTAR).
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{BRA}}
|subdivision_type1 = Territory
|subdivision_name1 = [[Brazilian Antarctica]]
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 12 January 2012
|population_total =
|timezone1 =
|utc_offset1 =
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|website = [https://www.mar.mil.br/secirm/proantar.htm PROANTAR]
}}
The '''Criosfera 1''' is a Brazilian standalone [[Research station|research module]] for atmospheric data collection, prepared at the [[National Institute for Space Research]] (INPE) for the [[Brazilian Antarctic Program]] (PROANTAR).


==Location==
==Location==
Inaugurated on 12 January 2012, the module is located on the plateau of the western [[Antarctica]] ice sheet, at 84°00' S–79°30' W, {{convert|420|km|mi}} from the [[Union Glacier]], {{convert|670|km|mi}} from the geographical [[South Pole]], and {{convert|2500|km|mi|}} south of the [[Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base]].
Inaugurated on 12 January 2012, the module is located on the plateau of the western [[Antarctica]] ice sheet, at 84°00' S–79°30' W, {{convert|420|km|mi}} from the [[Union Glacier]], {{convert|670|km|mi}} from the geographical [[South Pole]], and {{convert|2500|km|mi}} south of the [[Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base]].{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}


===Expedition Criosfera 1===
===Expedition Criosfera 1===
The expedition for the placement of the module was coordinated by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) through Professor Jefferson Cardia Simões, director of the Centro Polar e Climático (CPC). The Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), was then represented by Professor Dr. Heitor Evangelista, responsible for the coordination of the project.<ref name=Moraes>{{cite web|last=Moraes|first=Flávia|title=Expedição Criosfera leva módulo científico brasileiro para o interior da Antártica|url=http://www.ecoagencia.com.br/index.php?open=noticias&id=VZlSXRlVONVTVFjcTxGahN2aKVVVB1TP|publisher=Eco Agencia|date=24 October 2011|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=pt}}</ref>
The expedition for the placement of the module was coordinated by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) through Professor Jefferson Cardia Simões, director of the Centro Polar e Climático (CPC). The Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), was then represented by Professor Dr. Heitor Evangelista, responsible for the coordination of the project.<ref name=Moraes>{{cite web|last=Moraes|first=Flávia|title=Expedição Criosfera leva módulo científico brasileiro para o interior da Antártica|url=http://www.ecoagencia.com.br/index.php?open=noticias&id=VZlSXRlVONVTVFjcTxGahN2aKVVVB1TP|publisher=Eco Agencia|date=24 October 2011|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=pt|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316122738/http://www.ecoagencia.com.br/index.php?open=noticias&id=VZlSXRlVONVTVFjcTxGahN2aKVVVB1TP|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Measuring {{convert|6.3|m|ft|}} long, {{convert|2.6|m|ft|}} wide, {{convert|2.5|m|ft|}} high, and comprising a weight of {{convert|3500|kg|lb|}}, it was planned at {{convert|1.5|m|ft|}} above the ground to avoid snow accumulation, allowing so the passage of the winds. Among the scientific tasks developed by the staff are ice drilling, assembly and activation of the module, and the surveying of ice morphology and dynamics at the glacier.
Measuring {{convert|6.3|m|ft}} long, {{convert|2.6|m|ft}} wide, {{convert|2.5|m|ft}} high, and comprising a weight of {{convert|3500|kg|lb}}, it was planned at {{convert|1.5|m|ft}} above the ground to avoid snow accumulation, allowing so the passage of the winds.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Among the scientific tasks developed by the staff are ice drilling, assembly and activation of the module, and the surveying of ice morphology and dynamics at the glacier.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Climate ==

{{Weather box
|location = Criosfera 1 (2014-2021)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = -5.6
|Feb record high C = -11.6
|Mar record high C = -12.5
|Apr record high C = -19.7
|May record high C = -23.3
|Jun record high C = -21.5
|Jul record high C = -23.6
|Aug record high C = -21.4
|Sep record high C = -20.9
|Oct record high C = -19.2
|Nov record high C = -10.6
|Dec record high C = -4.7
|Jan high C = -13.6
|Feb high C = -21.8
|Mar high C = -30.9
|Apr high C = -34.8
|May high C = -35
|Jun high C = -36.1
|Jul high C = -38.3
|Aug high C = -38.5
|Sep high C = -37.2
|Oct high C = -31.7
|Nov high C = -19.7
|Dec high C = -12.4
|Jan mean C = -15.9
|Feb mean C = -24
|Mar mean C = -33.2
|Apr mean C = -37.1
|May mean C = -37.3
|Jun mean C = -38.6
|Jul mean C = -40.7
|Aug mean C = -40.7
|Sep mean C = -39.6
|Oct mean C = -33.8
|Nov mean C = -21.6
|Dec mean C = -14.7
|Jan low C = -18.1
|Feb low C = -26.3
|Mar low C = -35.4
|Apr low C = -39.3
|May low C = -39.6
|Jun low C = -41.1
|Jul low C = -43.2
|Aug low C = -43
|Sep low C = -42
|Oct low C = -36
|Nov low C = -23.9
|Dec low C = -17
|Jan record low C = -25.6
|Feb record low C = -37.8
|Mar record low C = -44.9
|Apr record low C = -49
|May record low C = -47.7
|Jun record low C = -51.3
|Jul record low C = -53.1
|Aug record low C = -52.3
|Sep record low C = -52
|Oct record low C = -45.1
|Nov record low C = -39
|Dec record low C = -23.5
|year record low C = -53.2
|source 1=<ref name="Gráficos Diários De Estações Automáticas">{{cite web|url=https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/|title= Gráficos Diários de Estações Automáticas- c891) }} Retrieved on 07 November 2021 </ref>
}}


===Objective===
===Objective===
The first [[Brazil]]ian fully automatic data-collecting scientific module placed inside the Antarctic continent is intended for data collection concerning the analysis on reflexes of the pollutants generated in [[South America]] and in Antarctica. Data will be sent via satellite directly to the computers of the national institute (IMPE).<ref name=Motta>{{cite journal|last=Motta|first=Cláudio|title=Pesquisadores brasileiros na Antártica encerram a expedição|journal=Globo Ciencia|date=12 January 2012|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/ciencia/pesquisadores-brasileiros-na-antartica-encerram-expedicao-3702707|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=pt}}</ref>
The first [[Brazil]]ian fully automatic data-collecting scientific module placed inside the Antarctic continent is intended for data collection concerning the analysis on reflexes of the pollutants generated in [[South America]] and in Antarctica. Data will be sent via satellite directly to the computers of the national institute (INPE).<ref name=Motta>{{cite journal|last=Motta|first=Cláudio|title=Pesquisadores brasileiros na Antártica encerram a expedição|journal=Globo Ciencia|date=12 January 2012|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/ciencia/pesquisadores-brasileiros-na-antartica-encerram-expedicao-3702707|accessdate=29 February 2012|language=pt}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Research stations in Antarctica#List of research stations|List of Antarctic research stations]]
* [[Antarctic field camps|List of Antarctic field camps]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Portal bar|Earth sciences|Geography|Brazil}}
{{Antarctic research stations}}
{{Antarctica}}
{{PROANTAR}}
{{PROANTAR}}

{{coord|84|00|S|79|30|W|display=title|source:Google Maps}}


[[Category:Outposts of Antarctica]]
[[Category:Outposts of Antarctica]]
[[Category:Brazilian Antarctica]]
[[Category:Brazilian Antarctica]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Antarctica]]

Latest revision as of 21:13, 30 August 2024

Criosfera 1
Research module
Criosfera 1 is located in Antarctica
Criosfera 1
Criosfera 1
Coordinates: 84°00′S 79°30′W / 84.0°S 79.5°W / -84.0; -79.5
Country Brazil
TerritoryBrazilian Antarctica
Established12 January 2012
WebsitePROANTAR
Opening of the Cryosphere

The Criosfera 1 is a Brazilian standalone research module for atmospheric data collection, prepared at the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) for the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR).

Location

[edit]

Inaugurated on 12 January 2012, the module is located on the plateau of the western Antarctica ice sheet, at 84°00' S–79°30' W, 420 kilometres (260 mi) from the Union Glacier, 670 kilometres (420 mi) from the geographical South Pole, and 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) south of the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base.[citation needed]

Expedition Criosfera 1

[edit]

The expedition for the placement of the module was coordinated by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) through Professor Jefferson Cardia Simões, director of the Centro Polar e Climático (CPC). The Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), was then represented by Professor Dr. Heitor Evangelista, responsible for the coordination of the project.[1]

Measuring 6.3 metres (21 ft) long, 2.6 metres (8.5 ft) wide, 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) high, and comprising a weight of 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb), it was planned at 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) above the ground to avoid snow accumulation, allowing so the passage of the winds.[citation needed] Among the scientific tasks developed by the staff are ice drilling, assembly and activation of the module, and the surveying of ice morphology and dynamics at the glacier.[citation needed]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Criosfera 1 (2014-2021)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−23.3
(−9.9) 		−21.5
(−6.7) 		−23.6
(−10.5) 		−21.4
(−6.5) 		−20.9
(−5.6) 		−19.2
(−2.6) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−4.7
(23.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −13.6
(7.5) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−30.9
(−23.6) 		−34.8
(−30.6) 		−35
(−31) 		−36.1
(−33.0) 		−38.3
(−36.9) 		−38.5
(−37.3) 		−37.2
(−35.0) 		−31.7
(−25.1) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−29.2
(−20.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.9
(3.4) 		−24
(−11) 		−33.2
(−27.8) 		−37.1
(−34.8) 		−37.3
(−35.1) 		−38.6
(−37.5) 		−40.7
(−41.3) 		−40.7
(−41.3) 		−39.6
(−39.3) 		−33.8
(−28.8) 		−21.6
(−6.9) 		−14.7
(5.5) 		−31.4
(−24.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.1
(−0.6) 		−26.3
(−15.3) 		−35.4
(−31.7) 		−39.3
(−38.7) 		−39.6
(−39.3) 		−41.1
(−42.0) 		−43.2
(−45.8) 		−43
(−45) 		−42
(−44) 		−36
(−33) 		−23.9
(−11.0) 		−17
(1) 		−33.7
(−28.8)
Record low °C (°F) −25.6
(−14.1) 		−37.8
(−36.0) 		−44.9
(−48.8) 		−49
(−56) 		−47.7
(−53.9) 		−51.3
(−60.3) 		−53.1
(−63.6) 		−52.3
(−62.1) 		−52
(−62) 		−45.1
(−49.2) 		−39
(−38) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−53.2
(−63.8)
Source: [2]

Objective

[edit]

The first Brazilian fully automatic data-collecting scientific module placed inside the Antarctic continent is intended for data collection concerning the analysis on reflexes of the pollutants generated in South America and in Antarctica. Data will be sent via satellite directly to the computers of the national institute (INPE).[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Moraes, Flávia (24 October 2011). "Expedição Criosfera leva módulo científico brasileiro para o interior da Antártica" (in Portuguese). Eco Agencia. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  2. ^ "Gráficos Diários de Estações Automáticas- c891)". Retrieved on 07 November 2021
  3. ^ Motta, Cláudio (12 January 2012). "Pesquisadores brasileiros na Antártica encerram a expedição". Globo Ciencia (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 February 2012.
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