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Coordinates: 53°54′42″N 1°59′21″W / 53.911664°N 1.989049°W / 53.911664; -1.989049
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{{Short description|Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England}}
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{{use British English|date=December 2017}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|coordinates = {{coord|53.911664|-1.989049|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|53.911664|-1.989049|display=inline,title}}
|label_position = top
| label_position = top
|official_name = Kildwick
| official_name = Kildwick
|population = 194
| population = 194
|population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]])<ref name="2011 census"/>
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]])<ref name="2011 census"/>
|os_grid_reference = SE008461
| os_grid_reference = SE008461
|civil_parish = Kildwick
| civil_parish = Kildwick
|shire_district = [[Craven]]
| unitary_england = [[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire]]
|shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[North Yorkshire]]
|region = Yorkshire and the Humber
| region = Yorkshire and the Humber
|country = England
| country = England
|post_town = KEIGHLEY
| post_town = KEIGHLEY
|postcode_district = BD20
| postcode_district = BD20
|postcode_area = BD
| postcode_area = BD
|dial_code = 01535
| dial_code = 01535
|constituency_westminster = [[Skipton and Ripon (UK Parliament constituency)|Skipton and Ripon]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Skipton and Ripon (UK Parliament constituency)|Skipton and Ripon]]
}}
}}
'''Kildwick''', or '''Kildwick-in-Craven''', is a village and [[civil parish]] of the [[non-metropolitan district|district]] of [[Craven]] in [[North Yorkshire]], England. It is situated between [[Skipton]] and [[Keighley]] and had a population of 191 in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=797622&c=Kildwick&d=16&e=15&g=475280&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1209154775509&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |title= Kildwick CP (Parish)|accessdate= 25 April 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> rising slightly to 194 at the 2011 census.<ref name="2011 census">{{NOMIS2011|id=1170216764|title=Kildwick Parish |accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the [[River Aire]]. The village's amenities include a primary school, church and public house.
'''Kildwick''', or '''Kildwick-in-Craven''', is a village and [[civil parish]] of the [[non-metropolitan district|district]] of [[Craven District|Craven]] in [[North Yorkshire]], England. It is situated between [[Skipton]] and [[Keighley]] and had a population of 191 in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=797622&c=Kildwick&d=16&e=15&g=475280&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1209154775509&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |title= Kildwick CP (Parish)|access-date= 25 April 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> rising slightly to 194 at the 2011 census.<ref name="2011 census">{{NOMIS2011|id=1170216764|title=Kildwick Parish |accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the [[River Aire]]. The village's amenities include a primary school, church and public house.


==History==
==History==
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[[File:Overflowing Aire - geograph.org.uk - 291786.jpg|thumb|Etymology: "kilde" in Old Norse means the large flood-plain]]
[[File:Overflowing Aire - geograph.org.uk - 291786.jpg|thumb|Etymology: "kilde" in Old Norse means the large flood-plain]]


*Kild. In Old Danish ''kilde'' means either a spring<ref>Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary, 1996.</ref> like in [[Keld, North Yorkshire|Keld]] {{convert|43|mi|km}} to the north, or a large smooth body of water. ''Kelda'' has its roots in ''ketil'', cauldron, from the [[Proto-Germanic language]] ''kiltham'', a vessel for nourishment. It is often proposed that Kild mean child since it comes from that same root. ''kilþei'' means womb in [[Gothic language|Gothic]] and thence Old English ''cild'', child or kin, but the town name is not Old English but Norse and so Kild describes the floodplain of the [[River Aire]] when flooded.
*Kild. In Old Danish ''kilde'' means either a spring<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry |last=Harrison |title=Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary |year=1996}}</ref> like in [[Keld, North Yorkshire|Keld]] {{convert|43|mi|km}} to the north, or a large smooth body of water. ''Kelda'' has its roots in ''ketil'', cauldron, from the [[Proto-Germanic language]] ''kiltham'', a vessel for nourishment. It is often proposed that Kild mean child since it comes from that same root. ''kilþei'' means womb in [[Gothic language|Gothic]] and thence Old English ''cild'', child or kin, but the town name is not Old English but Norse and so Kild describes the floodplain of the [[River Aire]] when flooded.
*Wick means a community settlement<ref>Lambert, Tim. [http://www.localhistories.org/names.html The origins of some English place names] Localhistories.org. Retrieved 15 August 2010</ref> from the etymological root of [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''weik'' meaning clan, c.f. [[Sanskrit]] ''vit'' settlement; [[Iranian languages|Old Iranian]] ''vis'' clan, house, village.<ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/villa Online Etymology Dictionary] Retrieved 15 March 2012</ref> In [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] etymology, ''wīc'' or ''vik'' developed several meanings: Kildwick could mean a ''[[Port#Types|river port]]'' like [[Greenwich]] or a ''trading place'' like [[Norwich]],<ref>[http://wiki-en.genealogy.net/Placename_Etymology GenWiki Genealogy.net] Retrieved 15 March 2012.</ref> but ''dairy farm'' does not apply for that meaning was used only in the [[south of England]].<ref>The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. Vol 10, [[William Dwight Whitney]], Benjamin Eli Smith. Century Co. 1909.</ref> Hence in Kildwick's case its name means river port.
*Wick means a community settlement<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert |first=Tim |url=http://www.localhistories.org/names.html |title=The origins of some English place names |website=Localhistories.org |accessdate=15 August 2010}}</ref> from the etymological root of [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''weik'' meaning clan, c.f. [[Sanskrit]] ''vit'' settlement; [[Iranian languages|Old Iranian]] ''vis'' clan, house, village.<ref name="Online Etymology Dictionary">{{cite dictionary|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/villa |title=Villa|dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate= 15 March 2012}}</ref> In [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] etymology, ''wīc'' or ''vik'' developed several meanings: Kildwick could mean a ''[[Port#Types|river port]]'' like [[Greenwich]] or a ''trading place'' like [[Norwich]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekwall |first1=Eilert |author-link=Eilert Ekwall |title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names |date=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-869103-3 |pages=275, 345, 516 |edition=4}}</ref> but ''dairy farm'' does not apply for that meaning was used only in the [[south of England]].<ref>The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. Vol 10, [[William Dwight Whitney]], Benjamin Eli Smith. Century Co. 1909.</ref> Hence in Kildwick's case its name means river port.


===Property===
===Property===
The ''[[Domesday Book]]'' of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with about 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an [[Anglo Saxon]] church.
The ''[[Domesday Book]]'' of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with about 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an [[Anglo Saxon]] church.


Howerver, [[William the Conqueror]] shortly deposed all the [[Angles|Angle-]][[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Dane]] lords and rewarded his great [[Norman conquest of England|Norman]] warriors. Ruling over-all in [[Craven]] was [[Robert de Romille]]. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the [[manor]]/[[Estate (land)|estate]] of Kildwick.<ref name=murray>[https://books.google.com/ebooks?id=FFUQAAAAYAAJ John Murray (1904) Handbook for Yorkshire] Retrieved 10 January 2012</ref> In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to [[Bolton Abbey]].
However, [[William the Conqueror]] shortly deposed all the [[Angles (tribe)|Angle-]][[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Dane]] lords and rewarded his great [[Norman conquest of England|Norman]] warriors. Ruling over-all in [[Craven in the Domesday Book|Craven]] was [[Robert de Romille]]. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the [[Manorialism|manor]]/[[Estate (land)|estate]] of Kildwick.<ref name=murray>[https://books.google.com/ebooks?id=FFUQAAAAYAAJ John Murray (1904) Handbook for Yorkshire] Retrieved 10 January 2012</ref> In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to [[Bolton Abbey]].


From 1305 to 1313, Bolton Priory paid for the bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence.<ref name=murray/>
From 1305 to 1313, Bolton Priory paid for the bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence.<ref name=murray/>
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===Population===
===Population===
* 1379 [[Tax per head#14th century|Poll Tax]] recorded Kildwick [[township]] as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax.<ref name="speight">Harry Speight (892) [https://www.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover&id=AK8KAAAAYAAJ&output=text&pg=PP1|The Craven and North-west Yorkshire highlands] Retrieved 10 January 2012</ref>{{rp|44}}
* 1379 [[Tax per head#14th century|Poll Tax]] recorded Kildwick [[township]] as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax.<ref name="speight">Harry Speight (892) [https://books.google.com/books?id=AK8KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1 The Craven and North-west Yorkshire highlands] Retrieved 10 January 2012</ref>{{rp|44}}
* 1672 [[Hearth Tax]] counted 25 households in the township with mostly but one fireplace, but also the 14-hearthed [[manor house]].
* 1672 [[Hearth Tax]] counted 25 households in the township with mostly but one fireplace, but also the 14-hearthed [[manor house]].
* 1821 parish registered 8,605 inhabitants.
* 1821 parish registered 8,605 inhabitants.
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===St Andrew's Church===
===St Andrew's Church===
[[File:St Andrew's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1322426.jpg|thumb|left|St Andrew's, Kildwick Parish Church]]
[[File:St Andrew's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1322426.jpg|thumb|left|St Andrew's, Kildwick Parish Church]]
{{main|Church of St Andrew, Kildwick}}
St Andrew’s is a historically significant church. Fragments of 10th-century crosses have been excavated from its walls, evidence of the [[Anglo Saxon]] church built here before the [[Norman conquest]]. It was replaced by one of stone in the 12th century. Cecilia de Romille gave the church to [[Bolton Abbey#Bolton Priory|Bolton Priory]] in [[Wharfedale]], the Manor of Kildwick coming under the jurisdiction of the Priors of Bolton.
St Andrew's is a historically significant church. Fragments of 10th-century crosses have been excavated from its walls, evidence of the [[Anglo Saxon]] church built here before the [[Norman conquest]]. It was replaced by one of stone in the 12th century. Cecilia de Romille gave the church to [[Bolton Abbey#Bolton Priory|Bolton Priory]] in [[Wharfedale]], the Manor of Kildwick coming under the jurisdiction of the Priors of Bolton.


After the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 Scots raiders sacked Bingley and Bradford Churches, but spared Keighley and Kildwick Churches because they were dedicated to St. Andrew, patron saint of Scotland.<ref>[http://www.keighleysharedchurch.org.uk/history.html#Saxon Keighley Shared Church History] Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> However, in 1318 the church building was badly damaged by Scottish raiders.<ref name="overend">[http://www.overend.org.uk/kildwick.html Harry Overend (2003) Kildwick Parish Church] Retrieved 10 January 2012</ref>
After the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 Scots raiders sacked Bingley and Bradford Churches, but spared Keighley and Kildwick Churches because they were dedicated to St. Andrew, patron saint of Scotland.<ref>[http://www.keighleysharedchurch.org.uk/history.html#Saxon Keighley Shared Church History] Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> However, in 1318 the church building was badly damaged by Scottish raiders.<ref name="overend">{{cite web|url=http://www.overend.org.uk/kildwick.html |first=Harry |last=Overend |year=2003 |title=Kildwick Parish Church |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124165232/http://www.overend.org.uk/kildwick.html |archivedate=24 November 2011 |accessdate=10 January 2012}}</ref>


In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery and granted the church to Christ Church, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VIII under the patronage of Christ Church the church was almost entirely rebuilt.<ref name=genuki/> During the 15th and 16th centuries the church was lengthened, with further extensions eastwards so that it is now one of the longest in Yorkshire hence known locally as 'The Lang Kirk of Craven'.
In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery and granted the church to Christ Church, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VIII under the patronage of Christ Church the church was almost entirely rebuilt.<ref name=genuki/> During the 15th and 16th centuries the church was lengthened, with further extensions eastwards so that it is now one of the longest in Yorkshire hence known locally as 'The Lang Kirk of Craven'.


The church was [[Victorian restoration|restored]] in 1873 by the [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] partnership of [[Paley and Austin]].<ref>{{Citation | last = Price| first = James| author-link = | publication-date = | date = | year = 1998| title = Sharpe, Paley and Austin: A Lancaster Architectural Practice 1836–1942| edition = | volume = | series = | publication-place = Lancaster| place = | publisher = Centre for North-West Regional Studies| pages = | page = 83| id = | isbn = 1-86220-054-8| doi = | oclc = }}</ref> Changes have taken place since then, including extension of the [[chancel]] and a further restoration of the [[nave]] in 1901–03 by the successors in the Lancaster practice, [[Austin and Paley]].<ref>{{Citation | last = Brandwood| first = Geoff| author-link = | last2 = Austin| first2 = Tim| last3 = Hughes| first3 = John| last4 = Price| first4 = James| publication-date = | date = | year = 2012| title = The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin| edition = | volume = | series = | publication-place = Swindon| place = | publisher = [[English Heritage]]| pages = | page = 244| format = | id = | isbn = 978-1-84802-049-8| doi = | oclc = | url = | accessdate =}}</ref>
The church was [[Victorian restoration|restored]] in 1873 by the [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] partnership of [[Paley and Austin]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Price| first = James| year = 1998| title = Sharpe, Paley and Austin: A Lancaster Architectural Practice 1836–1942| publication-place = Lancaster| publisher = Centre for North-West Regional Studies| page = 83| isbn = 1-86220-054-8}}</ref> Changes have taken place since then, including extension of the [[chancel]] and a further restoration of the [[nave]] in 1901–03 by the successors in the Lancaster practice, [[Austin and Paley]].<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Brandwood| first1 = Geoff| last2 = Austin| first2 = Tim| last3 = Hughes| first3 = John| last4 = Price| first4 = James| year = 2012| title = The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin| publication-place = Swindon| publisher = [[English Heritage]]| page = 244| isbn = 978-1-84802-049-8}}</ref>


[[Charlotte Brontë]] and other members of the [[Brontë family]] were acquainted with the church.
[[Charlotte Brontë]] and other members of the [[Brontë family]] were acquainted with the church.
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===Kildwick Parish===
===Kildwick Parish===


Ancient Kildwick Parish was unusually large for it included the townships of Kildwick, [[Bradley, North Yorkshire|Bradley Both]], [[Cononley]], [[Cowling, Craven|Cowling]], Holden, [[Eastburn, West Yorkshire|Eastburn]], [[Farnhill]], [[Glusburn]], [[Cowling, Craven|Ikornshaw]], [[Silsden]], [[Steeton (village)|Steeton]], [[Sutton-in-Craven|Sutton]]<ref>[http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/craven-history/18_Parish-of-Kildwick.pdf Whitaker, Thomas Dunham, The Parish of Kildwick.] pp 207–221 of The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven pdf. Published by Skipton Castle. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</ref><ref name=whittaker>{{cite book | last = Whitaker | first = Thomas Dunham | year=1812 | title = The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York | series=Historical Print Editions | publisher = British Library| isbn = 1241342695}}</ref> and [[Stirton with Thorlby|Stirton and Thorlby]].<ref name=genuki/>
Ancient Kildwick Parish was unusually large for it included the townships of Kildwick, [[Bradley, North Yorkshire|Bradley Both]], [[Cononley]], [[Cowling, Craven|Cowling]], Holden, [[Eastburn, West Yorkshire|Eastburn]], [[Farnhill]], [[Glusburn]], [[Cowling, Craven|Ikornshaw]], [[Silsden]], [[Steeton (village)|Steeton]], [[Sutton-in-Craven|Sutton]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/craven-history/18_Parish-of-Kildwick.pdf |last=Whitaker |first=Thomas Dunham |chapter=The Parish of Kildwick | pages= 207–221 |title=The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven |publisher= Skipton Castle |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=whittaker>{{cite book | last = Whitaker | first = Thomas Dunham | year=1812 | title = The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York | series=Historical Print Editions | publisher = British Library| isbn = 1241342695}}</ref> and [[Stirton with Thorlby|Stirton and Thorlby]].<ref name=genuki/>


{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="10"
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellpadding="10"
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===Education===
===Education===
Education in Kildwick has a substantial history. In 1563 and 1564 the [[Archbishop of York]]’s [[Canonical visitation|Visitation Act]] books records a schoolmaster at Kildwick.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Lawson | first=John | title= Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902 | year=1959 | publisher= East Yorkshire Local History society | location= Yorkshire }}</ref><ref>[http://www.eylhs.org.uk/Primary%20Education.pdf J Lawson MA, 1959, Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520154751/http://www.eylhs.org.uk/Primary%20Education.pdf |date=20 May 2015 }} Retrieved 1 July 2012</ref> And the national [[Hearth tax]] of 1672 records “George Ellmott for the Freeschoole, 2 hearths” untaxed in Kildwick.<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/hearth-tax.htm Hearth Tax of Charles II] National Archive UK. Retrieved 1 July 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.hearthtax.org.uk/communities/westriding/ Hearth Tax Online, Roehampton University, London] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919205740/http://www.hearthtax.org.uk/communities/westriding/ |date=19 September 2012 }} Retrieved 1 July 2012</ref> In 2012 the School is adjacent to the parish church on Priest Bank Road and is known as ''Kildwick [[Church of England]] Voluntary Controlled [[Primary School]]''. It caters for girls and boys age range 4 to 11; maximum number of pupils per grade 17.<ref>[http://www.kildwick.n-yorks.sch.uk/About+us Kildwick Church of England VC Primary School] Retrieved 1 July 2012</ref>
Education in Kildwick has a substantial history. In 1563 and 1564 the [[Archbishop of York]]’s [[Canonical visitation|Visitation Act]] books records a schoolmaster at Kildwick.<ref>{{cite book | last=Lawson | first=John | title= Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902 | year=1959 | publisher= East Yorkshire Local History society | location= Yorkshire }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eylhs.org.uk/Primary%20Education.pdf |first=J. |last=Lawson |year=1959 |title=Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520154751/http://www.eylhs.org.uk/Primary%20Education.pdf |archivedate=20 May 2015 |accessdate= 1 July 2012}}</ref> And the national [[Hearth tax]] of 1672 records “George Ellmott for the Freeschoole, 2 hearths” untaxed in Kildwick.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/research-guides/hearth-tax.htm |title=Hearth Tax of Charles II|publisher= National Archive UK |accessdate= 1 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hearthtax.org.uk/communities/westriding/ |title=West Riding|work=Hearth Tax Online |publisher=Roehampton University |location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919205740/http://www.hearthtax.org.uk/communities/westriding/ |archivedate=19 September 2012 |accessdate= 1 July 2012}}</ref> In 2012 the School is adjacent to the parish church on Priest Bank Road and is known as ''Kildwick [[Church of England]] Voluntary Controlled [[Primary School]]''. It caters for girls and boys age range 4 to 11; maximum number of pupils per grade 17.<ref>[https://archive.today/20121224083840/http://www.kildwick.n-yorks.sch.uk/About+us Kildwick Church of England VC Primary School] Retrieved 1 July 2012</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==
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Kildwick is a landmark in Craven being the point at which the main road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. Kildwick is made a natural crossing place by the spur of land from Crosshills that dramatically narrows a wide valley prone to flooding. This spur is a first river terrace deposit of silt and sand with gravel lenses. It has been enlarged downstream by about 60 acres (25ha) of made ground.<ref name=geo>British Geological Survey, England and Wales Sheet 69: Bradford, solid and drift edition 1:50000 series, published 2000</ref>
Kildwick is a landmark in Craven being the point at which the main road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. Kildwick is made a natural crossing place by the spur of land from Crosshills that dramatically narrows a wide valley prone to flooding. This spur is a first river terrace deposit of silt and sand with gravel lenses. It has been enlarged downstream by about 60 acres (25ha) of made ground.<ref name=geo>British Geological Survey, England and Wales Sheet 69: Bradford, solid and drift edition 1:50000 series, published 2000</ref>
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Kildwick Bridge 14th century side.jpg|Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305-13 with ribbed vaulting
File:Kildwick Bridge 14th century side.jpg|Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305–13 with ribbed vaulting
File:Kildwick Bridge over River Aire - geograph.org.uk - 65005.jpg|Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780
File:Kildwick Bridge over River Aire - geograph.org.uk - 65005.jpg|Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780
File:Kildwick Bridge January 2008. - geograph.org.uk - 666890.jpg|Below the bridge after days of heavy rain
File:Kildwick Bridge January 2008. - geograph.org.uk - 666890.jpg|Below the bridge after days of heavy rain
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</gallery>
</gallery>
[[File:Milestone - Skipton Road, Kildwick - geograph.org.uk - 1016832.jpg|thumb|left|The milestone on the [[Keighley and Kendal Turnpike]]]]
[[File:Milestone - Skipton Road, Kildwick - geograph.org.uk - 1016832.jpg|thumb|left|The milestone on the [[Keighley and Kendal Turnpike]]]]
From 1305 to 1313 [[Bolton Abbey#Bolton Priory|Bolton Abbey]] paid for "Aire-brigg" to be built in stone<ref name=mason>{{cite news |title= Bridge that was built to last |author= Roy Mason |newspaper= Bradford Telegraph and Argus |date= 15 March 1980}}</ref> however wooden bridges had existed there many centuries before that.<ref name=brereton>[http://www.kildwick.org.uk/history/brereton/ ''The History of Kildwick Church'' by Rev Brereton 1909] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719182721/http://www.kildwick.org.uk/history/brereton/ |date=19 July 2011 }} The original book scanned and put online by St Andrew’s Church</ref> The bridge at Kildwick is the first stone bridge recorded in [[Craven]] and the oldest bridge in [[Airedale]] and has been designated a [[Grade I listed|Grade I]] building.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1167718|desc= KILDWICK BRIDGE|accessdate= 17 June 2015}}</ref>
From 1305 to 1313 [[Bolton Abbey#Bolton Priory|Bolton Abbey]] paid for "[[Kildwick Bridge|Aire-brigg]]" to be built in stone<ref name=mason>{{cite news |title= Bridge that was built to last |author= Roy Mason |newspaper= Bradford Telegraph and Argus |date= 15 March 1980}}</ref> however wooden bridges had existed there many centuries before that.<ref name=brereton>{{cite web|url=http://www.kildwick.org.uk/history/brereton/ |title=The History of Kildwick Church |last= Rev Brereton |year=1909 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719182721/http://www.kildwick.org.uk/history/brereton/ |archivedate=19 July 2011 |accessdate=7 November 2010 |quote=The original book scanned and put online by St Andrew’s Church}}</ref> The bridge at Kildwick is the first stone bridge recorded in [[Craven in the Domesday Book|Craven]] and the oldest bridge in [[Airedale]] and has been designated a [[Grade I listed|Grade I]] building.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1167718|desc= KILDWICK BRIDGE|accessdate= 17 June 2015}}</ref>


The [[Keighley and Kendal Turnpike]] Trust operated from 1752 to 1878. It was promoted mostly by textile manufacturers of [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]]<ref name="kings">{{cite book |title=The King’s Highway in Craven, with sketch maps |last=Brigg |first=John J | year=1927 }}</ref> on the grounds that transportation costs to be greatly reduced since waggons on good roads need half the number of horses required for carrying packs. It was built to a standard width of 7 yards of which 5 were metaled.
The [[Keighley and Kendal Turnpike]] Trust operated from 1752 to 1878. It was promoted mostly by textile manufacturers of [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]]<ref name="kings">{{cite book |title=The King's Highway in Craven, with sketch maps |last=Brigg |first=John J. | year=1927 }}</ref> on the grounds that transportation costs to be greatly reduced since waggons on good roads need half the number of horses required for carrying packs. It was built to a standard width of 7 yards of which 5 were metaled.


In 1780 the bridge was widened for the Turnpike and is [[Structural engineering#Structural elements|structurally]] two bridges standing side‐by‐side. The upstream side with ribbed [[Vault (architecture)|vaulting]] and two pointed arches is the 14th-century original. The downstream side has only plain round arches.
In 1780 the bridge was widened for the Turnpike and is [[Structural engineering#Structural elements|structurally]] two bridges standing side‐by‐side. The upstream side with ribbed [[Vault (architecture)|vaulting]] and two pointed arches is the 14th-century original. The downstream side has only plain round arches.
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In 1823 the [[Blackburn]] [[Addingham]] road opened. Six [[stagecoaches]] a day passed through the area. However the Keighley Kendal Road proved a commercial failure and ceased in debt in 1878. The roads passed into the care of the County Council.
In 1823 the [[Blackburn]] [[Addingham]] road opened. Six [[stagecoaches]] a day passed through the area. However the Keighley Kendal Road proved a commercial failure and ceased in debt in 1878. The roads passed into the care of the County Council.


By 1968 the road traffic volume found such a bottleneck at the bridge and village it necessitated the building of the [[A629 road|A629]] and bridge to [[Bypass (road)|bypass]] it; completed in 1988.<ref name="kei-ski">{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Graham|title=From Keighley to Skipton – a journey of 1900 years|url=http://www.farnhill.co.uk/History_Docs/Roads%20-%20Issue5.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref>
By 1968 the road traffic volume found such a bottleneck at the bridge and village it necessitated the building of the [[A629 road|A629]] and bridge to [[Bypass (road)|bypass]] it; completed in 1988.<ref name="kei-ski">{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Graham|title=From Keighley to Skipton – a journey of 1900 years|url=http://www.farnhill.co.uk/History_Docs/Roads%20-%20Issue5.pdf|access-date=5 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821170056/http://www.farnhill.co.uk/History_Docs/Roads%20-%20Issue5.pdf|archivedate=21 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===Canal===
===Canal===
Line 177: Line 179:


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
⚫
*[[John Webster (minister)|John Webster (alias Johannes Hyphastes)]] (1610–82), clergyman and physician, became curate at Kildwick in 1634.
*[[Stephen Barrett (classics teacher)|Stephen Barrett]] (1718–1801), teacher of classics, was born at Bent, in the parish of Kildwick.
*[[Stephen Barrett (classics teacher)|Stephen Barrett]] (1718–1801), teacher of classics, was born at Bent, in the parish of Kildwick.
* [[Katie Griffiths]] (born 1989), actress, grew up in Kildwick.
*[[John Cockshott]] (1749-1812) magistrate and gentleman, was born in Kildwick, lived in Kildwick Hall for many years until his death.
*[[Henry Mosley]] (1852–1933), first-class cricketer, was born in Kildwick.
*[[Henry Mosley (cricketer)|Henry Mosley]] (1852–1933), first-class cricketer, was born in Kildwick.
*[[Clare Teal]] (1973–), English jazz singer, was born in Kildwick.
*[[Clare Teal]] (1973–), English jazz singer, was born in Kildwick.
⚫
* [[John Webster (minister)|John Webster (alias Johannes Hyphastes)]] (1610–82), clergyman and physician, became curate at Kildwick in 1634.


==References==
==References==
Line 190: Line 192:
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Kildwick/index.html The Ancient Parish of Kildwick: Historical extracts and Links collected by Genuki]
* [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Kildwick/index.html The Ancient Parish of Kildwick: Historical extracts and Links collected by Genuki]
* [http://www.bronte.info/ Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth, Yorkshire]
* [http://www.bronte.info/ Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth, Yorkshire]
* [http://www.bronteparsonage.blogspot.com/ Brontë Parsonage Blog]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060530001953/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/bronte/charlotte/ Online editions of Charlotte Brontë's works]
* {{gutenberg author | id=Charlotte_Brontë | name=Charlotte Brontë}}


{{authority control}}


[[Category:Villages in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Villages in North Yorkshire]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 31 August 2024

Kildwick
Kildwick is located in North Yorkshire
Kildwick
Kildwick
Location within North Yorkshire
Population194 (2011 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSE008461
Civil parish
  • Kildwick
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKEIGHLEY
Postcode districtBD20
Dialling code01535
PoliceNorth Yorkshire
FireNorth Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°54′42″N 1°59′21″W / 53.911664°N 1.989049°W / 53.911664; -1.989049

Kildwick, or Kildwick-in-Craven, is a village and civil parish of the district of Craven in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Skipton and Keighley and had a population of 191 in 2001,[2] rising slightly to 194 at the 2011 census.[1] Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. The village's amenities include a primary school, church and public house.

History

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

The first known documentation of Kildwick's name is as Childeuuic in the Domesday Book. In Latin, the digraph ch is pronounced /kʰ/ not /tʃ/ so its pronunciation was the same as it is now.

The meaning of its name depends on whether it was named by the conquering Vikings or earlier in Old English. However, no evidence of the latter is known, and other place names nearby are predominantly Old Norse.

Etymology: "kilde" in Old Norse means the large flood-plain
  • Kild. In Old Danish kilde means either a spring[3] like in Keld 43 miles (69 km) to the north, or a large smooth body of water. Kelda has its roots in ketil, cauldron, from the Proto-Germanic language kiltham, a vessel for nourishment. It is often proposed that Kild mean child since it comes from that same root. kilþei means womb in Gothic and thence Old English cild, child or kin, but the town name is not Old English but Norse and so Kild describes the floodplain of the River Aire when flooded.
  • Wick means a community settlement[4] from the etymological root of Proto-Indo-European weik meaning clan, c.f. Sanskrit vit settlement; Old Iranian vis clan, house, village.[5] In Proto-Germanic etymology, wīc or vik developed several meanings: Kildwick could mean a river port like Greenwich or a trading place like Norwich,[6] but dairy farm does not apply for that meaning was used only in the south of England.[7] Hence in Kildwick's case its name means river port.

Property

[edit]

The Domesday Book of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with about 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an Anglo Saxon church.

However, William the Conqueror shortly deposed all the Angle-Dane lords and rewarded his great Norman warriors. Ruling over-all in Craven was Robert de Romille. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the manor/estate of Kildwick.[8] In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to Bolton Abbey.

From 1305 to 1313, Bolton Priory paid for the bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence.[8]

In 1539, Henry VIII dissolved the monastery at Bolton and granted Kildwick manor to Robert Wilkinson and Thomas Drake of Halifax but granted the church to Christ Church, Oxford.

In 1549, Thomas Drake alienated the Manor to John Garforth of Farnhill. In 1558, the Garforths sold it all to the Currer family with whose lineal descendants it remains.[9]

Population

[edit]
  • 1379 Poll Tax recorded Kildwick township as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax.[10]: 44 
  • 1672 Hearth Tax counted 25 households in the township with mostly but one fireplace, but also the 14-hearthed manor house.
  • 1821 parish registered 8,605 inhabitants.
  • 1831 parish was 9,926 however township only 190.[11]
  • 1881 the parish had been divided so district down to 8,923.
  • 1891 district up to 9,859 but township down to 145.[10]: 20–21 

St Andrew's Church

[edit]
St Andrew's, Kildwick Parish Church
Main article: Church of St Andrew, Kildwick

St Andrew's is a historically significant church. Fragments of 10th-century crosses have been excavated from its walls, evidence of the Anglo Saxon church built here before the Norman conquest. It was replaced by one of stone in the 12th century. Cecilia de Romille gave the church to Bolton Priory in Wharfedale, the Manor of Kildwick coming under the jurisdiction of the Priors of Bolton.

After the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 Scots raiders sacked Bingley and Bradford Churches, but spared Keighley and Kildwick Churches because they were dedicated to St. Andrew, patron saint of Scotland.[12] However, in 1318 the church building was badly damaged by Scottish raiders.[13]

In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery and granted the church to Christ Church, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VIII under the patronage of Christ Church the church was almost entirely rebuilt.[9] During the 15th and 16th centuries the church was lengthened, with further extensions eastwards so that it is now one of the longest in Yorkshire hence known locally as 'The Lang Kirk of Craven'.

The church was restored in 1873 by the Lancaster partnership of Paley and Austin.[14] Changes have taken place since then, including extension of the chancel and a further restoration of the nave in 1901–03 by the successors in the Lancaster practice, Austin and Paley.[15]

Charlotte Brontë and other members of the Brontë family were acquainted with the church.

Kildwick Parish

[edit]

Ancient Kildwick Parish was unusually large for it included the townships of Kildwick, Bradley Both, Cononley, Cowling, Holden, Eastburn, Farnhill, Glusburn, Ikornshaw, Silsden, Steeton, Sutton[16][17] and Stirton and Thorlby.[9]

Arable land in the old parish of Kildwick that was taxed in the Domesday Book c1086
Location curactes (120 acres/50ha) other property Taxpayer
Kildwick 2 1 church Archil
Eastburn 3 2 oxgangs Gamalbern
Cononley 2 Torchil
Bradley 7 Archil, Torchil, Gamel
Farnhill 2 Gamel
Sutton 2 Ravenchil
Steeton 3 was Gamalbern now Gilbert Tison
Glusburn 3 was Gamalbern now Gilbert Tison
Glusburn 3 was Gamalbern now William de Percy
Silsden 8 five Thanes of Osbern de Arches

In the mid 19th century the advent of textile factories caused rapid growth of some of the townships. It became anomalous for residents of those expanding towns to have to travel to a tiny village to be baptised, married and buried. In consequence the parish was divided, for example the other side of the River Aire Sutton-in-Craven was constituted as a separate ecclesiastical district in 1869 and built its own parish church. However adjacent Cross Hills is still in the parish of Kildwick.

Education

[edit]

Education in Kildwick has a substantial history. In 1563 and 1564 the Archbishop of York’s Visitation Act books records a schoolmaster at Kildwick.[18][19] And the national Hearth tax of 1672 records “George Ellmott for the Freeschoole, 2 hearths” untaxed in Kildwick.[20][21] In 2012 the School is adjacent to the parish church on Priest Bank Road and is known as Kildwick Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School. It caters for girls and boys age range 4 to 11; maximum number of pupils per grade 17.[22]

Transport

[edit]

Road

[edit]

Kildwick is a landmark in Craven being the point at which the main road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. Kildwick is made a natural crossing place by the spur of land from Crosshills that dramatically narrows a wide valley prone to flooding. This spur is a first river terrace deposit of silt and sand with gravel lenses. It has been enlarged downstream by about 60 acres (25ha) of made ground.[23]

  • Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305–13 with ribbed vaulting
    Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305–13 with ribbed vaulting
  • Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780
    Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780
  • Below the bridge after days of heavy rain
    Below the bridge after days of heavy rain
  • The River Aire flooding above the bridge
    The River Aire flooding above the bridge
The milestone on the Keighley and Kendal Turnpike

From 1305 to 1313 Bolton Abbey paid for "Aire-brigg" to be built in stone[24] however wooden bridges had existed there many centuries before that.[25] The bridge at Kildwick is the first stone bridge recorded in Craven and the oldest bridge in Airedale and has been designated a Grade I building.[26]

The Keighley and Kendal Turnpike Trust operated from 1752 to 1878. It was promoted mostly by textile manufacturers of Settle[27] on the grounds that transportation costs to be greatly reduced since waggons on good roads need half the number of horses required for carrying packs. It was built to a standard width of 7 yards of which 5 were metaled.

In 1780 the bridge was widened for the Turnpike and is structurally two bridges standing side‐by‐side. The upstream side with ribbed vaulting and two pointed arches is the 14th-century original. The downstream side has only plain round arches.

The new A629 built 1968–88 bypasses Kildwick village

In 1823 the Blackburn Addingham road opened. Six stagecoaches a day passed through the area. However the Keighley Kendal Road proved a commercial failure and ceased in debt in 1878. The roads passed into the care of the County Council.

By 1968 the road traffic volume found such a bottleneck at the bridge and village it necessitated the building of the A629 and bridge to bypass it; completed in 1988.[28]

Canal

[edit]

Kildwick village is so close to the canal that they touch. In 1773 the Bingley to Skipton section was the first section of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to be completed. By 1781 the canal joined Leeds to Gargrave, and in 1816 completed the link to Liverpool. It was of benefit for transport of supplies and goods from the textile mills that stood on the other side of the river.

  • The Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick
    The Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick
  • Houses by the canal
    Houses by the canal
  • Road going beneath the canal
    Road going beneath the canal
  • Canal footbridge to Farnhill
    Canal footbridge to Farnhill

Rail

[edit]

In 1847 the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway opened its Shipley to Skipton section through Kildwick and Crosshills railway station. Kildwick was thus served by rail until the station was closed in 1965. Steeton is the nearest railway station.

Main sights

[edit]
  • The war memorial and the White Lion pub
    The war memorial and the White Lion pub
  • Kildwick Hall
    Kildwick Hall
  • The start of the Kildwick Moor footpaths
    The start of the Kildwick Moor footpaths

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Kildwick Parish (1170216764)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Kildwick CP (Parish)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
  3. ^ Harrison, Henry (1996). Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary.
  4. ^ Lambert, Tim. "The origins of some English place names". Localhistories.org. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
  5. ^ "Villa". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  6. ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 275, 345, 516. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
  7. ^ The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. Vol 10, William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith. Century Co. 1909.
  8. ^ a b John Murray (1904) Handbook for Yorkshire Retrieved 10 January 2012
  9. ^ a b c Genuki, The Ancient Parish of Kildwick Retrieved 10 January 2012
  10. ^ a b Harry Speight (892) The Craven and North-west Yorkshire highlands Retrieved 10 January 2012
  11. ^ Pigot's Directory 1834 Retrieved 15 January 2012
  12. ^ Keighley Shared Church History Retrieved 10 March 2016
  13. ^ Overend, Harry (2003). "Kildwick Parish Church". Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  14. ^ Price, James (1998). Sharpe, Paley and Austin: A Lancaster Architectural Practice 1836–1942. Lancaster: Centre for North-West Regional Studies. p. 83. ISBN 1-86220-054-8.
  15. ^ Brandwood, Geoff; Austin, Tim; Hughes, John; Price, James (2012). The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin. Swindon: English Heritage. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-84802-049-8.
  16. ^ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham. "The Parish of Kildwick". The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven (PDF). Skipton Castle. pp. 207–221. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  17. ^ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham (1812). The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York. Historical Print Editions. British Library. ISBN 1241342695.
  18. ^ Lawson, John (1959). Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902. Yorkshire: East Yorkshire Local History society.
  19. ^ Lawson, J. (1959). "Primary Education in East Yorkshire 1560–1902" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  20. ^ "Hearth Tax of Charles II". National Archive UK. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  21. ^ "West Riding". Hearth Tax Online. London: Roehampton University. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  22. ^ Kildwick Church of England VC Primary School Retrieved 1 July 2012
  23. ^ British Geological Survey, England and Wales Sheet 69: Bradford, solid and drift edition 1:50000 series, published 2000
  24. ^ Roy Mason (15 March 1980). "Bridge that was built to last". Bradford Telegraph and Argus.
  25. ^ Rev Brereton (1909). "The History of Kildwick Church". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2010. The original book scanned and put online by St Andrew's Church
  26. ^ Historic England. "KILDWICK BRIDGE (1167718)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  27. ^ Brigg, John J. (1927). The King's Highway in Craven, with sketch maps.
  28. ^ Taylor, Graham. "From Keighley to Skipton – a journey of 1900 years" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
[edit]
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