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{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Golden angle
| name = Golden angle
| status =
| status =
| image = Golden Angle-Savan Durga-Bangalore Rural.jpg
| image = Golden Angle-Savan Durga-Bangalore Rural.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Wet-season form
| image_caption = Wet-season form
⚫
| taxon = Abaratha ransonnetii
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| authority = ([[Baron Cajetan von Felder|C. Felder]], 1868)
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| synonyms =
⚫
* ''Pterygospidea ransonnetii'' <small>Felder, 1868</small>
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
⚫
* ''Abaratha ransonneti'' <small>Moore, [1881]</small>
| familia = [[Hesperiidae]]
* ''Caprona ransonnetii'' <small>(Felder, 1868)</small>
| genus = ''[[Caprona]]''
* ''Caprona ransonnetti'' <small>(Felder, 1868)</small> [lapsus]
| species = '''''C. ransonnetii'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Caprona ransonnetii''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Cajetan Freiherr von Felder|Felder]], 1868)
| synonyms =
⚫
*''Pterygospidea ransonnetii'' <small>Felder, 1868</small>
⚫
*''Abaratha ransonneti'' <small>Moore, [1881]</small>
}}
}}


'''''Caprona ransonnetii''''', commonly known as the '''golden angle''', is a [[butterfly]] belonging to the family [[Hesperiidae]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/caprona/|title=Caprona Wallengren, 1857 Ragged Skippers|last=Savela|first=Markku|date=|website=Lepidoptera Perhoset Butterflies and Moths|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-03-29}}</ref><ref name=Felder>{{Cite journal|last=Felder|first=Baron Cajetan von|authorlink=Baron Cajetan von Felder|date=1868|title=Diagnose neuer von E. Baron v. Ransonnet in Vorder-Indien gesammelter Lepidopteren|url=https://archive.org/stream/verhandlungender1868zool#page/284/mode/1up|journal=Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien|volume=18 (1-2)|pages=284|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Lepidoptera of Ceylon|last=Moore|first=Frederic|publisher=L. Reeve & co.|year=1880|isbn=|location=London|pages=182|url=https://archive.org/stream/lepidopteraofcey01moor#page/182/mode/1up}}</ref><ref name=Smetacek>{{cite book|last1=Varshney|first1=R.|last2=Smetacek|first2=P.|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India.|date=|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing|location=New Delhi|page=33|edition=2015|}}</ref>
'''''Abaratha ransonnetii''''', commonly known as the '''golden angle''',<ref name=Smetacek/> is a [[butterfly]] belonging to the family [[Hesperiidae]]. It was first described by [[Baron Cajetan von Felder]] in 1868.<ref>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/caprona/#ransonnetii |title=''Caprona ransonnetii'' (Felder, 1868) |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=June 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Felder>{{Cite journal|last=Felder|first=Baron Cajetan von|author-link=Baron Cajetan von Felder|date=1868|title=Diagnose neuer von E. Baron v. Ransonnet in Vorder-Indien gesammelter Lepidopteren|url=https://archive.org/stream/verhandlungender1868zool#page/284/mode/1up|journal=Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien|volume=18|issue=1–2|pages=284}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Lepidoptera of Ceylon|last=Moore|first=Frederic|publisher=L. Reeve & co.|year=1880|location=London|pages=182|url=https://archive.org/stream/lepidopteraofcey01moor#page/182/mode/1up}}</ref><ref name=Smetacek>{{cite book|last1=Varshney|first1=R.|last2=Smetacek|first2=P.|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India |publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing|location=New Delhi|page=33|edition=2015}}</ref><ref name=Evans>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187283#page/184/mode/1up|title=A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum|last=W. H.|first=Evans|author-link=William Harry Evans |publisher=British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology|year=1949|location=London|pages=160}}</ref><ref name=SwinhoeIndica>{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103495#page/87/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1912–1913|location=London|pages=73–75}}}}</ref>


==Subspecies==
==Subspecies==
The subspecies of ''Caprona ransonnetii'' include:
The following subspecies are recognised:


* ''Caprona ransonnetii potiphera'' Hewitson, 1873 (India)<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=ifb>{{cite web|title=''Caprona ransonnettii Felder, 1868 – Golden Angle''|url=http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/667/Caprona-ransonnettii|accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=watson/>
* ''Abaratha ransonnetii potiphera'' Hewitson, 1873 (India)<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=ifb>{{cite web|title=''Caprona ransonnettii Felder, 1868 – Golden Angle''|url=http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/667/Caprona-ransonnettii|access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=watson/>
* ''Caprona ransonnetii ransonnetii'' (Sri Lanka)<ref name=watson/>
* ''Abaratha ransonnetii ransonnetii'' (Sri Lanka)<ref name=watson/>


==Range==
==Range==
It occurs in [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Gujarat]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and south to [[Kerala]] in [[India]].<ref name=watson>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/113/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|isbn=|location=Madras|pages=99}}</ref><ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=ifb/>
It occurs in India ([[Gujarat]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]] and southwards to [[Kerala]]) and Sri Lanka.<ref name=watson>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/113/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|location=Madras|pages=99}}</ref><ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=ifb/>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Golden angle (Caprona ransonnettii potifera).jpg|thumb|showing hairs beneath head]]
[[File:Golden angle (Caprona ransonnetii potifera).jpg|thumb|Showing hairs beneath head]]


{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}
{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}


In 1891, [[Edward Yerbury Watson]] gave this detailed description:
In 1891, [[Edward Yerbury Watson]] gave this detailed description:
{{quote|Upperside fuliginous ochreous-brown. Male; forewing with three small semi-transparent white spots before the apex (and sometimes one or two very minute spots obliquely below them), two spots within end of the cell, a slender spot between the upper and middle median veins, a larger spot between the latter vein and submedian, and followed below it by two small obliquely disposed spots; a marginal double row of pale indistinct small lunules; hindwing with a broad medial discal macular pale ochreous band traversed by brown veins and a spot within end of the cell, the outer discal area suffused with grey-brown. Cilia alternated with white. Female; forewing with the spots and marginal lunules, and the macular band on hindwing more prominent, the latter also more distinctly bordered with grey. Underside: forewing paler brown; the basal area greyish-white, the spots with clouded black outer borders; hindwing greyish-white, the outer margin only being brown, traversed by a curved discal series of small blackish spots.<ref name=watson/>
{{blockquote|Upperside fuliginous ochreous-brown. Male; forewing with three small semi-transparent white spots before the apex (and sometimes one or two very minute spots obliquely below them), two spots within end of the cell, a slender spot between the upper and middle median veins, a larger spot between the latter vein and submedian, and followed below it by two small obliquely disposed spots; a marginal double row of pale indistinct small lunules; hindwing with a broad medial discal macular pale ochreous band traversed by brown veins and a spot within end of the cell, the outer discal area suffused with grey-brown. Cilia alternated with white. Female; forewing with the spots and marginal lunules, and the macular band on hindwing more prominent, the latter also more distinctly bordered with grey. Underside: forewing paler brown; the basal area greyish-white, the spots with clouded black outer borders; hindwing greyish-white, the outer margin only being brown, traversed by a curved discal series of small blackish spots.<ref name=watson/>
{{pb}}
{{pb}}
The dry-season form which has been named ''A. taylorii'' by de Niceville differs in being ochreous not dark brown above, and in having the disc of the hindwing unmarked with a group of ochreous spots and streaks. A similar variation has been noted by Mr. de Niceville in ''C. tissa'', a not very distantly allied species, and in both cases it is the dry-season form which is the paler.<ref name=watson/>|E.Y. Watson}}
The dry-season form which has been named ''A. taylorii'' by de Niceville differs in being ochreous not dark brown above, and in having the disc of the hindwing unmarked with a group of ochreous spots and streaks. A similar variation has been noted by Mr. de Niceville in ''C. tissa'', a not very distantly allied species, and in both cases it is the dry-season form which is the paler.<ref name=watson/>|E.Y. Watson}}


==References==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
⚫
{{Reflist}}
File:Caprona ransonnetii - Golden Angle 3.jpg|Closed wing position
File:Caprona ransonnetii - Golden Angle.jpg|Closed wing position
</gallery>


==External links==
==References==
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wikispecies}}
⚫
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3595417}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3595417}}


[[Category:Tagiadini]]
[[Category:Tagiadini]]
[[Category:Butterflies of India]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1868]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1868]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Cajetan von Felder]]




Latest revision as of 16:31, 1 September 2024

Golden angle
Wet-season form
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Hesperiidae
Genus: Abaratha
Species:
A. ransonnetii
Binomial name
Abaratha ransonnetii
(C. Felder, 1868)
Synonyms
  • Pterygospidea ransonnetii Felder, 1868
  • Abaratha ransonneti Moore, [1881]
  • Caprona ransonnetii (Felder, 1868)
  • Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868) [lapsus]

Abaratha ransonnetii, commonly known as the golden angle,[1] is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It was first described by Baron Cajetan von Felder in 1868.[2][3][4][1][5][6]

Subspecies

[edit]

The following subspecies are recognised:

  • Abaratha ransonnetii potiphera Hewitson, 1873 (India)[1][7][8]
  • Abaratha ransonnetii ransonnetii (Sri Lanka)[8]

Range

[edit]

It occurs in India (Gujarat, Jharkhand, Odisha and southwards to Kerala) and Sri Lanka.[8][1][7]

Description

[edit]
Showing hairs beneath head
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

In 1891, Edward Yerbury Watson gave this detailed description:

Upperside fuliginous ochreous-brown. Male; forewing with three small semi-transparent white spots before the apex (and sometimes one or two very minute spots obliquely below them), two spots within end of the cell, a slender spot between the upper and middle median veins, a larger spot between the latter vein and submedian, and followed below it by two small obliquely disposed spots; a marginal double row of pale indistinct small lunules; hindwing with a broad medial discal macular pale ochreous band traversed by brown veins and a spot within end of the cell, the outer discal area suffused with grey-brown. Cilia alternated with white. Female; forewing with the spots and marginal lunules, and the macular band on hindwing more prominent, the latter also more distinctly bordered with grey. Underside: forewing paler brown; the basal area greyish-white, the spots with clouded black outer borders; hindwing greyish-white, the outer margin only being brown, traversed by a curved discal series of small blackish spots.[8]

The dry-season form which has been named A. taylorii by de Niceville differs in being ochreous not dark brown above, and in having the disc of the hindwing unmarked with a group of ochreous spots and streaks. A similar variation has been noted by Mr. de Niceville in C. tissa, a not very distantly allied species, and in both cases it is the dry-season form which is the paler.[8]

— E.Y. Watson
[edit]
  • Closed wing position
    Closed wing position
  • Closed wing position
    Closed wing position

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caprona ransonnetii.
Wikispecies has information related to Abaratha ransonnetii.
  1. ^ a b c d Varshney, R.; Smetacek, P. A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India (2015 ed.). New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing. p. 33.
  2. ^ Savela, Markku. "Caprona ransonnetii (Felder, 1868)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  3. ^ Felder, Baron Cajetan von (1868). "Diagnose neuer von E. Baron v. Ransonnet in Vorder-Indien gesammelter Lepidopteren". Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien. 18 (1–2): 284.
  4. ^ Moore, Frederic (1880). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. London: L. Reeve & co. p. 182.
  5. ^ W. H., Evans (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 160.
  6. ^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 73–75.
  7. ^ a b "Caprona ransonnettii Felder, 1868 – Golden Angle". Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e E. Y., Watson (1891). Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Madras: Vest and Company. p. 99.


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