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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Short description|Italian cardinal}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| type = cardinal
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| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Bernardino Spada
| name = Bernardino Spada
| image = Guido Reni - Portrait of Bernardino Spada.jpg
| image = Portrait of Bernardino Spada (by Guido Reni) – Galleria Spada.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Cardinal Spada. Oil painting by [[Guido Reni]], c. 1631. Galleria Spada, Rome
| caption = Cardinal Spada. Oil painting by [[Guido Reni]], c. 1631. [[Galleria Spada]], Rome
| other_post = [[Suburbicarian See of Palestrina|Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina]]
| other_post = [[Suburbicarian See of Palestrina|Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina]]
| ordination = 1623
| ordination = 1623
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}}
}}


'''Bernardino Spada''' (21 April 1594 – 10 November 1661)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1626.htm#S. Miranda - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]: Bernardino Spada</ref> was an Italian [[cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and a patron of the arts whose collection is housed in the [[Palazzo Spada]] in [[Rome]].
'''Bernardino Spada''' (21 April 1594 – 10 November 1661)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1626.htm#S. Miranda – Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]: Bernardino Spada</ref> was an Italian [[cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and a patron of the arts whose collection is housed in the [[Palazzo Spada]] in [[Rome]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
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==Ecclesiastic career==
==Ecclesiastic career==
On 8 December 1623, he was consecrated bishop in the church of S. Luigi de' Francesi in Rome by Cardinal [[Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona]], assisted by [[Guillaume du Nozet]], [[Titular Archbishop]] of ''Seleucia'', and by [[:it:François Boyvin de Péricard|François Boyvin de Péricard]], [[Bishop of Evreux]].<ref name=CathHierBernSpada>{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Bernardino ''Cardinal Spada'' |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bspadb.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref> In December 1623 he was appointed [[nuncio|papal nuncio]] to the court of [[France]], in preparation for which he was ordained [[titular archbishop of Tamiathis]]. He served as nuncio until 1627, when he became [[papal legate]] in [[Bologna]]. He was made a cardinal 19 January 1626 by [[Pope Urban VIII]]. When the [[Bubonic plague|plague]] epidemic hit Bologna in 1630/1631, he helped organize the health care system there.
On 8 December 1623, he was consecrated bishop in the church of [[San Luigi dei Francesi]] in Rome by Cardinal [[Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona]], assisted by [[Guillaume du Nozet]], [[Titular Archbishop]] of ''Seleucia'', and by [[:it:François Boyvin de Péricard|François Boyvin de Péricard]], [[Bishop of Evreux]].<ref name=CathHierBernSpada>{{cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|title=Bernardino ''Cardinal Spada'' |website=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bspadb.html |access-date=16 June 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref> In December 1623 he was appointed [[nuncio|papal nuncio]] to the court of [[France]], in preparation for which he was ordained [[titular archbishop of Tamiathis]]. He served as nuncio until 1627, when he became [[papal legate]] in [[Bologna]]. He was made a cardinal 19 January 1626 by [[Pope Urban VIII]]. When the [[Bubonic plague|plague]] epidemic hit Bologna in 1630/1631, he helped organize the health care system there.


From 1631 he served again in Rome, filling several influential positions in the [[Roman Curia|Curia]]. In 1632 he purchased what is now called the [[Palazzo Spada]] in the [[rione]] [[Regola (rione of Rome)|Regola]], facing Piazza Capo di Ferro with a garden looking over the Tiber, and commissioned [[Francesco Borromini]] to modify it for him in a more [[Baroque]] style, to house his growing collections.<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
From 1631 he served again in Rome, filling several influential positions in the [[Roman Curia|Curia]]. In 1632 he purchased what is now called the [[Palazzo Spada]] in the [[rione]] [[Regola (rione of Rome)|Regola]], facing Piazza Capo di Ferro with a garden looking over the Tiber, and commissioned [[Francesco Borromini]] to modify it for him in a more [[Baroque]] style, to house his growing collections.<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
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==War of Castro==
==War of Castro==
{{main article|Wars of Castro}}
{{main article|Wars of Castro}}
During the [[Wars of Castro|First War of Castro]] he served as [[plenipotentiary]] of [[Pope Urban VIII]]; sent to negotiate a truce with the [[Duchy of Parma]], together with his brother Virgilio. Spada successfully negotiated a truce but when the pope's military leaders became aware that the dukes were massing troops to counter their troops (in case discussions with Spada came to naught), Urban VIII declared the articles of peace null and void and claimed Spada had negotiated them without his consent.<ref name=bargrave>''Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals'' by [[John Bargrave]], edited by [[James Craigie Robertson]] (reprint; 2009)</ref> Spada was furious and later published a manifesto detailing his version of events which, according to contemporary [[John Bargrave]], many accepted to be the truth.
During the [[Wars of Castro|First War of Castro]] he served as [[plenipotentiary]] of [[Pope Urban VIII]]; sent to negotiate a truce with the [[Duchy of Parma]], together with his brother Virgilio. Spada successfully negotiated a truce but when the pope's military leaders became aware that the dukes were massing troops to counter their troops (in case discussions with Spada came to nought), Urban VIII declared the articles of peace null and void and claimed Spada had negotiated them without his consent.<ref name=bargrave>''Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals'' by [[John Bargrave]], edited by [[James Craigie Robertson]] (reprint; 2009)</ref> Spada was furious and later published a manifesto detailing his version of events which, according to contemporary [[John Bargrave]], many accepted to be the truth.


==Andrea Casale==
==Andrea Casale==
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==Later ecclesiastic career==
==Later ecclesiastic career==
Spada was successively [[Bishop of Albano]], [[Frascati]], [[bishop of Sabina|Sabina]] and [[Palestrina]].<ref name=CathHierBernSpada /> Bernardino supported the church careers of several of his family members. His nephew [[:it:Giovanni Battista Spada|Giovanni Battista Spada]] became cardinal in 1654 and his great-nephew [[Fabrizio Spada]] became cardinal in 1675 and [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] in 1691. He died in Rome in 1661 and was interred in the family grave in the church of [[San Girolamo della Carità]].{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
Spada was successively [[Bishop of Albano]], [[Frascati]], [[bishop of Sabina|Sabina]] and [[Palestrina]].<ref name=CathHierBernSpada /> Bernardino supported the church careers of several of his family members. His nephew [[:it:Giovanni Battista Spada|Giovanni Battista Spada]] became cardinal in 1654 and his great-nephew [[Fabrizio Spada]] became cardinal in 1675 and [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] in 1691. He died in Rome in 1661 and was interred in the family grave in the church of [[San Girolamo della Carità]].{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

== Literary influence and patronage ==
Spada was the patron of [[Martha Marchina]], an Italian soapmaker who wrote poetry in Latin, for ten years. Spada recognized her literary talents after exchanging epigrams about the plague that was ravaging Italy at that time.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rossi|first=Gian Vittorio|url=http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/rossi/rossi1/bd3/jpg/s238.html|title=Pinacotheca imaginum illustrium, doctrinae vel ingenii laude, virorum.|year=1645–1648|location=Amsterdam|pages=238}}</ref> Spada was largely responsible for the publication of ''[[Marthae Marchinae Virginis Neapolitanae Musa Postuma|Musa Posthuma]]'', a collection of Marchina's poetry, though it was first published after his death in 1662. Spada included some of his own poetry, including a dedicatory poem written in Latin, addressed to the former queen of Sweden, Christine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marchina|first=Martha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaP6VenzAf8C|title=Musa Posthuma|year=1662|location=Rome|pages=7}}</ref> Several of Spada's letters to Marchina and to his brother Vergilius Spada are also included in ''Musa Posthuma'', which are written in Italian and Latin. Several of Marchina's poems written about Spada are also included in the book.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marchina|first=Martha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaP6VenzAf8C|title=Musa Posthuma|year=1662|location=Rome}}</ref>


==Episcopal succession==
==Episcopal succession==
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|
! style="background:#F5DEB3"| <small>Episcopal succession of Bernardino Spada</small>
|-
|
While bishop, he was the [[principal consecrator]] of:<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
While bishop, he was the [[principal consecrator]] of:<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
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He also ordained [[John Leyburn]] (1646) as priest.<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
He also ordained [[John Leyburn]] (1646) as priest.<ref name=CathHierBernSpada />
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{BBKL|s/spada_b|band=23|autor= Arne Karsten|spalten=1410-1412}}
* {{BBKL|s/spada_b|band=23|autor= Arne Karsten|spalten=1410–1412}}
* [http://www.thais.it/scultura/sch00372.htm The Spada chapel] in the church of San Girolamo della Carità, Rome
* [http://www.thais.it/scultura/sch00372.htm The Spada chapel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307162132/http://www.thais.it/scultura/sch00372.htm |date=7 March 2006 }} in the church of San Girolamo della Carità, Rome


== Books ==
== Books ==
* Arne Karsten: ''Kardinal Bernardino Spada; Eine Karriere im barocken Rom'', Goettingen 2001 (German){{ISBN missing}}
* Arne Karsten: ''Kardinal Bernardino Spada; Eine Karriere im barocken Rom'', Goettingen 2001 (German) {{ISBN|3525362498}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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[[Category:1594 births]]
[[Category:1594 births]]
[[Category:1661 deaths]]
[[Category:1661 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Ravenna]]
[[Category:People from Brisighella]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]
[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]
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[[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina]]
[[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina]]
[[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina]]
[[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Sabina]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Urban VIII]]
[[Category:Italian art collectors]]
[[Category:Italian art collectors]]
[[Category:Apostolic nuncios to France]]

Latest revision as of 22:16, 1 September 2024

His Eminence

Bernardino Spada
Cardinal Spada. Oil painting by Guido Reni, c. 1631. Galleria Spada, Rome
Other post(s)Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina
Previous post(s)Apostolic nuncio to France (1623–1627)
Titular archbishop of Tamiathis (1623–1626)
Cardinal-priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio (1627–1642)
Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1638–1639)
Cardinal-priest of San Pietro in Vincoli (1642–1646)
Cardinal-bishop of Albano (1646–1652)
Cardinal-bishop of Frascati (1652)
Cardinal-bishop of Sabina (1652–1655)
Orders
Ordination1623
Consecration8 December 1623
by Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona
Created cardinal19 January 1626
by Pope Urban VIII
RankCardinal-priest, later cardinal-bishop
Personal details
Born(1594-04-21)21 April 1594
Brisighella, Italy
Died10 November 1661(1661-11-10) (aged 67)
Rome, Italy
BuriedSan Girolamo della Carità, Rome
NationalityItalian
DenominationRoman Catholic
ParentsPaolo Spada
Alma materUniversity of Bologna
University of Perugia

Bernardino Spada (21 April 1594 – 10 November 1661)[1] was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a patron of the arts whose collection is housed in the Palazzo Spada in Rome.

Early life

[edit]

Spada was born in Brisighella, current province of Ravenna (Romagna). His father was the rich merchant Paolo Spada (unrelated to the Spada family of ancient nobility) who had directed him early on to a career in the church, though the generations before his had been colliers. Bernardino studied law in Bologna, Perugia and Rome and received a doctorate. He served in the Papal Curia from 1617.

Ecclesiastic career

[edit]

On 8 December 1623, he was consecrated bishop in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome by Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona, assisted by Guillaume du Nozet, Titular Archbishop of Seleucia, and by François Boyvin de Péricard, Bishop of Evreux.[2] In December 1623 he was appointed papal nuncio to the court of France, in preparation for which he was ordained titular archbishop of Tamiathis. He served as nuncio until 1627, when he became papal legate in Bologna. He was made a cardinal 19 January 1626 by Pope Urban VIII. When the plague epidemic hit Bologna in 1630/1631, he helped organize the health care system there.

From 1631 he served again in Rome, filling several influential positions in the Curia. In 1632 he purchased what is now called the Palazzo Spada in the rione Regola, facing Piazza Capo di Ferro with a garden looking over the Tiber, and commissioned Francesco Borromini to modify it for him in a more Baroque style, to house his growing collections.[2]

War of Castro

[edit]
Main article: Wars of Castro

During the First War of Castro he served as plenipotentiary of Pope Urban VIII; sent to negotiate a truce with the Duchy of Parma, together with his brother Virgilio. Spada successfully negotiated a truce but when the pope's military leaders became aware that the dukes were massing troops to counter their troops (in case discussions with Spada came to nought), Urban VIII declared the articles of peace null and void and claimed Spada had negotiated them without his consent.[3] Spada was furious and later published a manifesto detailing his version of events which, according to contemporary John Bargrave, many accepted to be the truth.

Andrea Casale

[edit]

In his profile of Spada, from his own observations and those of others, Bargrave also recounts Spada's dealings with Bologna nobleman Andrea Casale.[3] Casale had been sent to Germany to fight in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire during the 30 Years' War where he was captured. While a prisoner, Casale inherited a large estate which Spada then came to manage on behalf of Casale's relatives (who expected Casale to never return). Casale was eventually released and returned to Bologna where he had great difficulty proving he was, in fact, Andrea Casale. But a nurse who had treated Casale as a young man came forward and identified him from specific marks on his body. Nonetheless, Spada had the man imprisoned where he was beaten to death. Bargrave recounted that the story had been told to him in Rome, "much to the Cardinal's disadvantage".

Later ecclesiastic career

[edit]

Spada was successively Bishop of Albano, Frascati, Sabina and Palestrina.[2] Bernardino supported the church careers of several of his family members. His nephew Giovanni Battista Spada became cardinal in 1654 and his great-nephew Fabrizio Spada became cardinal in 1675 and Cardinal Secretary of State in 1691. He died in Rome in 1661 and was interred in the family grave in the church of San Girolamo della Carità.[citation needed]

Literary influence and patronage

[edit]

Spada was the patron of Martha Marchina, an Italian soapmaker who wrote poetry in Latin, for ten years. Spada recognized her literary talents after exchanging epigrams about the plague that was ravaging Italy at that time.[4] Spada was largely responsible for the publication of Musa Posthuma, a collection of Marchina's poetry, though it was first published after his death in 1662. Spada included some of his own poetry, including a dedicatory poem written in Latin, addressed to the former queen of Sweden, Christine.[5] Several of Spada's letters to Marchina and to his brother Vergilius Spada are also included in Musa Posthuma, which are written in Italian and Latin. Several of Marchina's poems written about Spada are also included in the book.[6]

Episcopal succession

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Miranda – Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Bernardino Spada
  2. ^ a b c d e Cheney, David M. "Bernardino Cardinal Spada". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved 16 June 2018. [self-published]
  3. ^ a b Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals by John Bargrave, edited by James Craigie Robertson (reprint; 2009)
  4. ^ Rossi, Gian Vittorio (1645–1648). Pinacotheca imaginum illustrium, doctrinae vel ingenii laude, virorum. Amsterdam. p. 238.
  5. ^ Marchina, Martha (1662). Musa Posthuma. Rome. p. 7.
  6. ^ Marchina, Martha (1662). Musa Posthuma. Rome.

Books

[edit]
  • Arne Karsten: Kardinal Bernardino Spada; Eine Karriere im barocken Rom, Goettingen 2001 (German) ISBN 3525362498
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
 Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis
1623–1627 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to France
1623–1627 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio
1627–1642 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli
1642–1646 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
1646–1652 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati
1652 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina
1652–1655 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina
1655–1661 		Succeeded by
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