Vice-President of Egypt: Difference between revisions

Vice-President of the
Arab Republic of Egypt
Vice-President of the; Arab Republic of Egypt
	Arms of the Government
	Incumbent; Vacant; since 14 August 2013
Appointer	President of Egypt
Term length	No term limits
Formation	7 March 1958; 14 July 2013 (Interim); 23 April 2019
First holder	Sabri al-Asali; Akram al-Hawrani; Abdel Latif Boghdadi; Abdel Hakim Amer
Final holder	Mahmoud Mekki; Mohamed ElBaradei (Interim)
Abolished	26 December 2012; 18 January 2014 (Interim)

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The vice-president of the Arab Republic of Egypt is a senior official within the Egyptian government.

History of the office

Before 1971

In 1962, President Gamal Abdel Nasser instituted collective leadership in Egypt, separating the post of Prime Minister from that of President and establishing a presidential council to deal with all issues formerly considered presidential prerogatives. Five of the council's 11 members were Vice-Presidents of Egypt.^[1]

Under the 1971 Constitution

According to article 139 of the 1971 Constitution, the President "may appoint one or more Vice-Presidents define their jurisdiction and relieve them of their posts. The rules relating to the calling to account of the President of the Republic shall be applicable to the Vice-Presidents." The Constitution gave broad authority to the President to determine the number of Vice-Presidents, as well as their appointment, dismissal and duties of office.

After the 2011 amendments, the president should appointed a vice president 60 days after his inauguration.

Under the 2012 Constitution

The 2012 Constitution did not include the position of Vice-President.^[2]

With the adoption of the 2012 Constitution on 26 December 2012, the office of Vice-President was abolished. Mahmoud Mekki was the last person to hold the office before the adoption of the 2012 Constitution, having resigned on 22 December 2012.

2013 coup d'état

After the overthrow of President Mohamed Morsi in the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, the position of the Vice-President was briefly restored (with extra-constitutional basic) by Acting President Adly Mansour, who appointed Mohamed ElBaradei to the post of Acting Vice-President on 7 July 2013.^[3]^[4] He was sworn in on 14 July.^[5] On 14 August 2013, following a violent crackdown by security forces on supporters of deposed President Morsi, in which more than 800 people were killed,^[6] ElBaradei resigned as Acting Vice President.^[7]

Under the 2014 Constitution

Much like the 2012 Constitution, until 2019, the 2014 Constitution also did not include the position of Vice-President.

After 2019 constitutional amendments

The office has since been restored following a constitutional referendum. President may appoint one or more vice presidents. The main duty of the vice presidents is to assist the president.^[8]

List of officeholders

This list contains Vice-Presidents of United Arab Republic (1958–71, included Syria until the 1961 coup d'état) and Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present).^[9]

	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President
	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	President
		Sabri al-Asali صبري العسلي (1903–1976)	7 March 1958	7 October 1958	214 days	National Party	Nasser
		Akram al-Hawrani أكرم الحوراني (1912–1996)	7 March 1958	19 September 1960	2 years, 196 days	Ba'ath Party (Syria Region)	Nasser
		Abdel Latif Boghdadi عبد اللطيف البغدادي (1917–1999)	7 March 1958	23 March 1964	6 years, 16 days	National Union (until 1962)	Nasser
		Abdel Latif Boghdadi عبد اللطيف البغدادي (1917–1999)	7 March 1958	23 March 1964	6 years, 16 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Abdel Hakim Amer محمد عبد الحكيم عامر (1919–1967)	7 March 1958	30 September 1965	7 years, 207 days	National Union (until 1962)	Nasser
		Abdel Hakim Amer محمد عبد الحكيم عامر (1919–1967)	7 March 1958	30 September 1965	7 years, 207 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Nur al-Din Kahala نور الدين كحالة (1908–1965)	20 September 1960	18 October 1961	1 year, 28 days	National Union	Nasser
		Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj عبد الحميد السراج (1925–2013)	16 August 1961	18 October 1961	63 days	National Union	Nasser
		Kamal el-Din Hussein كمال الدين حسين (1921–1999)	16 August 1961	23 March 1964	2 years, 220 days	National Union (until 1962)	Nasser
		Kamal el-Din Hussein كمال الدين حسين (1921–1999)	16 August 1961	23 March 1964	2 years, 220 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012)	16 August 1961	23 March 1964	2 years, 220 days	National Union (until 1962)	Nasser
		Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012)	16 August 1961	23 March 1964	2 years, 220 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Hussein el-Shafei حسين محمود حسن الشافعي (1918–2005)	16 August 1961	30 September 1965	4 years, 45 days	National Union (until 1962)	Nasser
		Hussein el-Shafei حسين محمود حسن الشافعي (1918–2005)	16 August 1961	30 September 1965	4 years, 45 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981)	17 February 1964	26 March 1964	38 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Hassan Ibrahim حسن ابراهيم (1917–1990)	17 February 1964	27 January 1966	1 year, 344 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012)	1 October 1965	20 March 1968	2 years, 171 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Ali Sabri على صبرى (1920–1991)	1 October 1965	20 March 1968	2 years, 171 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Hussein el-Shafei حسين محمود حسن الشافعي (1918–2005)	20 March 1968	16 January 1973	4 years, 302 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser Sadat
		Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981)	19 December 1969	14 October 1970	299 days	Arab Socialist Union	Nasser
		Ali Sabri على صبرى (1920–1991)	30 October 1970	2 May 1971	184 days	Arab Socialist Union	Sadat
		Mahmoud Fawzi محمود فوزى (1900–1981)	16 January 1972	18 September 1974	2 years, 245 days	Arab Socialist Union	Sadat
Vacant (18 September 1974 – 16 April 1975)
		Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020)	16 April 1975	14 October 1981	6 years, 181 days	Arab Socialist Union (until 1978)	Sadat
		Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020)	16 April 1975	14 October 1981	6 years, 181 days	National Democratic Party	Sadat
Vacant (14 October 1981 – 29 January 2011)
		Omar Suleiman عمر سليمان (1936–2012)	29 January 2011	11 February 2011	13 days	Independent	Mubarak
Vacant (11 February 2011 – 12 August 2012)
		Mahmoud Mekki محمود مكي (born 1954)	12 August 2012	22 December 2012	132 days	Independent	Morsi
Vacant (22 December 2012 – 26 December 2012)
Post abolished (26 December 2012 – 14 July 2013)
		Mohamed ElBaradei محمد البرادعي (born 1942) (Interim)	14 July 2013	14 August 2013	31 days	Constitution Party	Mansour (Interim)
Vacant (14 August 2013 – 18 January 2014)
Post abolished (18 January 2014 – 23 April 2019)
Vacant (23 April 2019 – present)

References

^ Nasser institutes Collective Leadership, Davar, 1962 (in Hebrew)
^ Shalaby,Ethar (3 December 2012). "VP not to continue according to new constitution". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
^ "Egyptian interim president nominates two for leadership posts". Retrieved 7 July 2013.
^ "Egypt's Salafist party rejects choices for premier, vice-president". Al Arabiya. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
^ Aya Batrawy, "Egypt's defense minister defends ousting president", Associated Press, 14 July 2013.
^ "Egyptian security forces storm protesters' camps". The Washington Post. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
^ "Egypt's VP Mohamed ElBaradei resigns in protest against crackdown". Los Angeles Times. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
^ "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president". Ahram Online.
^ "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online".

El-Gawady, Mohamed:[1]Cabinets during period of Revolution (1986)
Hafez, Salah: Democracy Shock (2001)

External links

http://nasser.bibalex.org/Days/DaysAll.aspx?CS=1&x=5

[1] Nasser institutes Collective Leadership, Davar, 1962 (in Hebrew)

[2] Shalaby,Ethar (3 December 2012). "VP not to continue according to new constitution". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

[3] "Egyptian interim president nominates two for leadership posts". Retrieved 7 July 2013.

[4] "Egypt's Salafist party rejects choices for premier, vice-president". Al Arabiya. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.

[5] Aya Batrawy, "Egypt's defense minister defends ousting president", Associated Press, 14 July 2013.

[6] "Egyptian security forces storm protesters' camps". The Washington Post. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.

[7] "Egypt's VP Mohamed ElBaradei resigns in protest against crackdown". Los Angeles Times. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.

[8] "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president". Ahram Online.

[9] "Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online".

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Second-highest constitutional office of Egypt}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
 {{Infobox official post
 |post            = Vice-President
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 |appointer       = [[President of Egypt]]
 |appointer_qualified =
-|termlength     = No term limits, serves at the President's pleasure
+|termlength     = No term limits
 |precursor      =
 |incumbent      = Vacant
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 With the adoption of the 2012 Constitution on 26 December 2012, the office of Vice-President was abolished. [[Mahmoud Mekki]] was the last person to hold the office before the adoption of the 2012 Constitution, having resigned on 22 December 2012.
-===2013 Civilian Uprising===
+===2013 coup d'état===
 After the overthrow of President [[Mohamed Morsi]] in the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état]], the position of the Vice-President was briefly restored (with extra-constitutional basic) by Acting President [[Adly Mansour]], who appointed [[Mohamed ElBaradei]] to the post of Acting Vice-President on 7 July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/07/world/meast/egypt-coup/index.html?hpt=hp_inthenews|title=Egyptian interim president nominates two for leadership posts|access-date=7 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/07/08/egypt-.html|title=Egypt's Salafist party rejects choices for premier, vice-president|agency=Al Arabiya|date=8 July 2013|access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref> He was sworn in on 14 July.<ref>Aya Batrawy, [http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_EGYPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2013-07-14-09-57-19 "Egypt's defense minister defends ousting president"], Associated Press, 14 July 2013.</ref> On 14 August 2013, following [[August 2013 Rabaa massacre|a violent crackdown]] by security forces on supporters of deposed President Morsi, in which more than 800 people were killed,<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian security forces storm protesters' camps|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/egyptian-security-forces-move-against-protesters-camps/2013/08/14/bc079750-04a7-11e3-9259-e2aafe5a5f84_story.html|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=14 August 2013}}</ref> ElBaradei resigned as Acting Vice President.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt's VP Mohamed ElBaradei resigns in protest against crackdown|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-egypt-mohamed-elbaradei-resigns-20130814,0,5082837.story|access-date=14 August 2013|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=14 August 2013}}</ref>
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 Much like the [[Egyptian Constitution of 2012|2012 Constitution]], until 2019, the [[Egyptian Constitution of 2014|2014 Constitution]] also did not include the position of Vice-President.
+===After 2019 constitutional amendments===
-The office has since been restored following a [[2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]].
+The office has since been restored following a [[2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]]. President may appoint one or more vice presidents. The main duty of the vice presidents is to assist the president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Egypt's constitutional changes: A look at the post of vice president |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/330352/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-constitutional-changes-A-look-at-the-post-o.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref>
 == List of officeholders ==
@@ Line 140: / Line 141: @@
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|National Union (United Arab Republic)}};" |
-| rowspan=2| [[File:Zakaria Mohie ElDein.jpg|80px]]
+| rowspan=2| [[File:Zakaria Mohiedin as Interior Minister.jpg|80px]]
 | rowspan=2| [[Zakaria Mohieddin]]<br />زكريا محيى الدين<br />{{small|(1918–2012)}}
 | rowspan=2| {{Dts|format=dmy|1961|August|16}}
@@ Line 182: / Line 183: @@
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}};" |
-| [[File:Zakaria Mohie ElDein.jpg|80px]]
+| [[File:Zakaria Mohiedin as Interior Minister.jpg|80px]]
 | [[Zakaria Mohieddin]]<br />زكريا محيى الدين<br />{{small|(1918–2012)}}
 | {{Dts|format=dmy|1965|October|1}}
@@ Line 227: / Line 228: @@
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}};" |
-| [[File:Mahmoud Fawzy.jpg|80px]]
+| [[File:Fawzi UAR.jpg|80px]]
 | [[Mahmoud Fawzi]]<br />محمود فوزى<br />{{small|(1900–1981)}}
 | {{Dts|format=dmy|1972|January|16}}
@@ Line 238: / Line 239: @@
 |-
 ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)}};" |
-| rowspan=2| [[File:Hosni Mubarak ritratto.jpg|80px]]
+| rowspan=2| [[File:General Hosni Mubarak.jpg|80px]]
 | rowspan=2| [[Hosni Mubarak]]<br />حسنى مبارك<br />{{small|(1928–2020)}}
 | rowspan=2| {{Dts|format=dmy|1975|April|16}}
@@ Line 294: / Line 295: @@
 {{reflist}}
-* El-Gawady, Mohamed:[https://ar.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A&stable=1][https://books.google.com/books?id=E0YzAAAAIAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Jaw%C4%81d%C4%AB%22+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&dq=inauthor:%22Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Jaw%C4%81d%C4%AB%22+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&hl=ar&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifz_7m7fzLAhUiIJoKHQniDioQ6AEIGjAA Cabinets during period of Revolution] (1986)
+* El-Gawady, Mohamed:[https://ar.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A&stable=1][https://books.google.com/books?id=E0YzAAAAIAAJ Cabinets during period of Revolution] (1986)
 * Hafez, Salah: Democracy Shock (2001)