Jump to content

Epiphyllum oxypetalum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
CurdyKai (talk | contribs)
393 edits
m Remove duplicate “nocturnal”
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of cactus}}
{{Short description|Species of cactus}}
{{Distinguish|Saussurea obvallata}}
{{use dmy dates |date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=October 2022}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Epiphyllum oxypetalum flower.JPG
|image = Epiphyllum oxypetalum flower.JPG
Line 28: Line 29:
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>
|}}
}}

'''''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''''', the '''Dutchman's pipe cactus''',<ref name=GRIN>{{citation |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=27844 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref> '''princess of the night''' or '''queen of the night''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beyondsciencetv.com/2018/05/23/queen-of-the-night-the-flower-that-only-blooms-one-night-a-year/ |date=May 23, 2018 |title=Queen of the Night: The Flower That Only Blooms ONE Night A Year - Beyond Science TV |website=beyondsciencetv.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141705/https://www.beyondsciencetv.com/2018/05/23/queen-of-the-night-the-flower-that-only-blooms-one-night-a-year/ |access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=10 April 2019 }}</ref> is a species of [[cactus]]. It blooms nocturnally, and its flowers wilt before dawn. Though it is sometimes referred to as a [[night-blooming cereus]], it is not closely related to any of the species in the tribe [[Cereeae]], such as ''[[Selenicereus]]'', that are more commonly known as [[night-blooming cereus]]. All ''Cereus'' species bloom at night and are terrestrial plants; ''Epiphyllum'' species are usually [[epiphytic]].
'''''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''''', the '''Dutchman's pipe cactus''',<ref name=GRIN>{{citation |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=27844 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref> '''princess of the night''' or '''queen of the night''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beyondsciencetv.com/2018/05/23/queen-of-the-night-the-flower-that-only-blooms-one-night-a-year/ |date=May 23, 2018 |title=Queen of the Night: The Flower That Only Blooms ONE Night A Year - Beyond Science TV |website=beyondsciencetv.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141705/https://www.beyondsciencetv.com/2018/05/23/queen-of-the-night-the-flower-that-only-blooms-one-night-a-year/ |access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=10 April 2019 }}</ref> is a species of [[cactus]] with a native range from Mexico to Nicaragua.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:132938-1 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> It blooms nocturnally, and its flowers wilt before dawn. Though it is sometimes referred to as a [[night-blooming cereus]], it is not closely related to any of the species in the tribe [[Cereeae]], such as ''[[Selenicereus]]'', that are more commonly known as [[night-blooming cereus]]. All ''Cereus'' species bloom at night and are terrestrial plants; ''Epiphyllum'' species are usually [[epiphytic]].


==Description==
==Description==
The stems are erect, ascending, [[scandent]], or sprawling and profusely branched. The primary stems are [[terete]], up to {{convert|6|m|cm}} long, flattened laterally, and ligneous at their bases. The secondary stems are flat, elliptic-acuminate, up to {{cvt|30|x|12|cm|in|0}}. The stem margins are shallowly through deeply crenate and undulate. Stems appear to be waxy therefore cutin may be present. Cutin reduces water loss from stems. A gel-like substance oozes out of stem cuts. Stems contain much water-filled tissue.
The stems are erect, ascending, [[scandent]], or sprawling and profusely branched. The primary stems are [[terete]], up to {{convert|6|m}} long, flattened laterally, and ligneous at their bases. The secondary stems are flat, elliptic-acuminate, up to {{cvt|30|x|12|cm|in|0}}. The stem margins are shallowly through deeply crenate and undulate. Stems appear to be waxy therefore cutin may be present. Cutin reduces water loss from stems. A gel-like substance oozes out of stem cuts. Stems contain much water-filled tissue.


===Flowers===
===Flowers===
The flowers are nocturnal. They grow on flattened stems and are up to {{cvt|30|cm|in|0}} long and {{cvt|17|cm|in|0}} wide, and very fragrant. The principal odor components in the aroma are [[benzyl salicylate]] and methyl linoleate.<ref name="Lim2014"> {{cite journal | last1 = Lim | first1 = T. K. | date = 2014 | title = Epiphyllum oxypetalum | journal = Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants | pages = 638–640 | doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-7395-0_43 | isbn = 978-94-007-7394-3 }}</ref> [[Pericarpel]]s are nude, slightly angled, and green. [[Bracteole]]s are short and narrow up through ca. {{convert|10|mm|cm}} long. Receptacles are up through 20&nbsp;cm long, 1&nbsp;cm thick, brownish, and arching. The outer [[tepal]]s are linear, acute, 8–10&nbsp;cm long, and reddish through amber. The inner tepals are whitish, oblanceolate or oblong, acuminate, up through 8–10&nbsp;cm long and {{convert|2.5|cm|mm}} wide. The [[stamen]]s are greenish white or white, slender and weak. The [[Style (botany)|styles]] are greenish white, pale yellow, or white, 4&nbsp;mm thick, as long as inner tepals, and with many lobes.
The flowers are nocturnal. They grow on flattened stems and are up to {{cvt|30|cm|in|0}} long and {{cvt|17|cm|in|0}} wide, and very fragrant. The principal odor components in the aroma are [[benzyl salicylate]] and methyl linoleate.<ref name="Lim2014">{{cite book | last1 = Lim | first1 = T. K. | title = Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants | chapter = Epiphyllum oxypetalum | date = 2014 | pages = 638–640 | doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-7395-0_43 | isbn = 978-94-007-7394-3 }}</ref> [[Pericarpel]]s are nude, slightly angled, and green. [[Bracteole]]s are short and narrow up through ca. {{convert|10|mm}} long. Receptacles are up through 20&nbsp;cm long, 1&nbsp;cm thick, brownish, and arching. The outer [[tepal]]s are linear, acute, 8–10&nbsp;cm long, and reddish through amber. The inner tepals are whitish, oblanceolate or oblong, acuminate, up through 8–10&nbsp;cm long and {{convert|2.5|cm}} wide. The [[stamen]]s are greenish white or white, slender and weak. The [[Style (botany)|styles]] are greenish white, pale yellow, or white, 4&nbsp;mm thick, as long as inner tepals, and with many lobes.


The fruits are oblong, up through 12 x 8&nbsp;cm, purplish red, and angled.
The fruits are oblong, up through 12 x 8&nbsp;cm, purplish red, and angled.
Line 56: Line 58:


''Oxypetalum'' = with acute petals
''Oxypetalum'' = with acute petals

The plant is sometimes referred to by its Chinese name, '''tan hua''' ({{lang-zh|t=曇花|s=昙花|p=tánhuā}}), in particular used in the popular movie based on the book [[Crazy Rich Asians]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Sio | first=Joanna Ut-Seong | title=Crazy Rich Asians (2018) | journal=Asian Ethnicity | volume=20 | issue=3 | date=2019-07-03 | issn=1463-1369 | doi=10.1080/14631369.2018.1559035 | pages=393–395}}</ref>


==Range==
==Range==
Line 61: Line 65:


==Cultivation and uses==
==Cultivation and uses==
''Epiphyllum oxypetalum'' is an easily cultivated, fast growing ''Epiphyllum''. It flowers in late spring through late summer; large specimens can produce several crops of flowers in one season. This is a widely cultivated ''Epiphyllum'' species.
''Epiphyllum oxypetalum'' is an easily cultivated, fast growing ''Epiphyllum''. It flowers in late spring through late summer; large specimens can produce several crops of flowers in one season. This is a widely cultivated ''Epiphyllum'' species.


It is known to have medicinal properties in many Asian cultures, including India, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, bleeding conditions, and is also believed to have the property of reducing pain and inflammation.{{cn|date=June 2021}}
It is known to have medicinal properties in many Asian cultures, including India, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, bleeding conditions, and is also believed to have the property of reducing pain and inflammation.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}


==References==
==References==
Line 71: Line 75:
*{{Commons category-inline|Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Epiphyllum oxypetalum''}}
* [http://www.indianbotanists.com/2013/04/epiphyllum-oxypetallum-brahmakamal.html Epiphyllum oxypetallum (Brahmakamal) : Orchid Cactus- An interesting plant]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q311230}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q311230}}

Latest revision as of 07:57, 2 September 2024

Not to be confused with Saussurea obvallata.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Epiphyllum
Species:
E. oxypetalum
Binomial name
Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Synonyms[2]
  • Cactus oxypetalus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
  • Cereus latifrons Zucc.
  • Cereus oxypetalus DC.
  • Epiphyllum acuminatum K.Schum.
  • Epiphyllum grande (Lem.) Britton & Rose
  • Epiphyllum latifrons (Zucc.) Pfeiff.
  • Epiphyllum purpusii (Weing.) F.M.Knuth
  • Phyllocactus acuminatus (K. Schum.) K. Schum.
  • Phyllocactus grandis Lem.
  • Phyllocactus latifrons (Zucc.) Link ex Walp.
  • Phyllocactus oxypetalus (DC.) Link
  • Phyllocactus purpusii Weing.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum, the Dutchman's pipe cactus,[3] princess of the night or queen of the night,[4] is a species of cactus with a native range from Mexico to Nicaragua.[5] It blooms nocturnally, and its flowers wilt before dawn. Though it is sometimes referred to as a night-blooming cereus, it is not closely related to any of the species in the tribe Cereeae, such as Selenicereus, that are more commonly known as night-blooming cereus. All Cereus species bloom at night and are terrestrial plants; Epiphyllum species are usually epiphytic.

Description

[edit]

The stems are erect, ascending, scandent, or sprawling and profusely branched. The primary stems are terete, up to 6 metres (20 ft) long, flattened laterally, and ligneous at their bases. The secondary stems are flat, elliptic-acuminate, up to 30 cm × 12 cm (12 in × 5 in). The stem margins are shallowly through deeply crenate and undulate. Stems appear to be waxy therefore cutin may be present. Cutin reduces water loss from stems. A gel-like substance oozes out of stem cuts. Stems contain much water-filled tissue.

Flowers

[edit]

The flowers are nocturnal. They grow on flattened stems and are up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 17 cm (7 in) wide, and very fragrant. The principal odor components in the aroma are benzyl salicylate and methyl linoleate.[6] Pericarpels are nude, slightly angled, and green. Bracteoles are short and narrow up through ca. 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long. Receptacles are up through 20 cm long, 1 cm thick, brownish, and arching. The outer tepals are linear, acute, 8–10 cm long, and reddish through amber. The inner tepals are whitish, oblanceolate or oblong, acuminate, up through 8–10 cm long and 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) wide. The stamens are greenish white or white, slender and weak. The styles are greenish white, pale yellow, or white, 4 mm thick, as long as inner tepals, and with many lobes.

The fruits are oblong, up through 12 x 8 cm, purplish red, and angled.

  • Detail of the reproductive parts of a bloom
    Detail of the reproductive parts of a bloom
  • Side view of an open flower
    Side view of an open flower
  • Young stem
    Young stem
  • Cross section of stem under a microscope
    Cross section of stem under a microscope
  • Bud
    Bud

Systematics

[edit]

This species is closely related to E. thomasianum and E. pumilum, but quite distinct from them.[citation needed] In 1909, C. A. Purpus collected a slightly different type in St. Ana, Orizaba, Mexico. It has carmine red outer petals and the flowers have an unpleasant smell, rather than being fragrant. It was originally named Phyllocactus purpusii, but is now included within this species.

Name

[edit]

Epiphyllum from Greek epi- "upon" + phullon "leaf"

Oxypetalum = with acute petals

The plant is sometimes referred to by its Chinese name, tan hua (simplified Chinese: 昙花; traditional Chinese: 曇花; pinyin: tánhuā), in particular used in the popular movie based on the book Crazy Rich Asians.[7]

Range

[edit]

Epiphyllum oxypetalum is native to Southern Mexico and to extensive areas of South America.[3] It is widely cultivated, with many escapes from cultivation in tropical areas, especially in southeast Asia.[8] It has become naturalised in China.[3]

Cultivation and uses

[edit]

Epiphyllum oxypetalum is an easily cultivated, fast growing Epiphyllum. It flowers in late spring through late summer; large specimens can produce several crops of flowers in one season. This is a widely cultivated Epiphyllum species.

It is known to have medicinal properties in many Asian cultures, including India, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, bleeding conditions, and is also believed to have the property of reducing pain and inflammation.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hammel, B. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Epiphyllum oxypetalum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  2. ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 6 August 2016
  3. ^ a b c USDA GRIN Taxonomy, retrieved 6 August 2016
  4. ^ "Queen of the Night: The Flower That Only Blooms ONE Night A Year - Beyond Science TV". beyondsciencetv.com. 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  6. ^ Lim, T. K. (2014). "Epiphyllum oxypetalum". Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. pp. 638–640. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7395-0_43. ISBN 978-94-007-7394-3.
  7. ^ Sio, Joanna Ut-Seong (3 July 2019). "Crazy Rich Asians (2018)". Asian Ethnicity. 20 (3): 393–395. doi:10.1080/14631369.2018.1559035. ISSN 1463-1369.
  8. ^ Li, Zhen-yu; Taylor, Nigel P., "Epiphyllum oxypetalum (Candolle) Haworth, Phil. Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 109. 1829", Flora of China
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Epiphyllum_oxypetalum&oldid=1243581751"