Ravenea: Difference between revisions
Spindlefolia (talk | contribs) →References: {{Arecaceae genera}} |
Added R. moorei image |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Ravenea''''' is a genus of 20 known species of [[Arecaceae|palms]], all native to [[Madagascar]] and the [[Comoros]].<ref name=eieio>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=177006 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/4118064|jstor=4118064|title=A Monograph of ''Ravenea'' (Palmae: Ceroxyloideae)|last1=Beentje|first1=H. J.|journal=Kew Bulletin|year=1994|volume=49|issue=4|pages=623–671}}</ref> |
'''''Ravenea''''' is a genus of 20 known species of [[Arecaceae|palms]], all native to [[Madagascar]] and the [[Comoros]].<ref name=eieio>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=177006 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/4118064|jstor=4118064|title=A Monograph of ''Ravenea'' (Palmae: Ceroxyloideae)|last1=Beentje|first1=H. J.|journal=Kew Bulletin|year=1994|volume=49|issue=4|pages=623–671|bibcode=1994KewBu..49..623B }}</ref> |
||
They are small to large, [[dioecious]] palms, with solitary, robust grey stems, swollen at base and gradually tapering upward. The species vary greatly in size, with ''R. hildebrandtii'' and ''R. nana'' only reaching 4 m, while ''R. robustior'' and ''R. sambiranensis'' both reach 30 m. The [[leaf|leaves]] are up to 2–5 m long, pinnately compound, reduplicate, erect at first then arching, twisted near the apex; with numerous crowded narrow ribbed leaflets. The [[inflorescence]] is short, borne among the leaves; the [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]].<ref>Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref> One particular species, ''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'', is commonly cultivated as a houseplant and grown indoors all over the world. However, it is actually considered a [[vulnerable species]] in its wild habitat with fewer than 900 trees growing naturally. |
They are small to large, [[dioecious]] palms, with solitary, robust grey stems, swollen at base and gradually tapering upward. The species vary greatly in size, with ''R. hildebrandtii'' and ''R. nana'' only reaching 4 m, while ''R. robustior'' and ''R. sambiranensis'' both reach 30 m. The [[leaf|leaves]] are up to 2–5 m long, pinnately compound, reduplicate, erect at first then arching, twisted near the apex; with numerous crowded narrow ribbed leaflets. The [[inflorescence]] is short, borne among the leaves; the [[fruit]] is a red [[drupe]].<ref>Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref> One particular species, ''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'', is commonly cultivated as a houseplant and grown indoors all over the world. However, it is actually considered a [[vulnerable species]] in its wild habitat with fewer than 900 trees growing naturally. |
||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| ||''[[Ravenea beentjei]]'' <small>Rakotoarin. & J.Dransf</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] || Vondrozo, Madagascar |
| ||''[[Ravenea beentjei]]'' <small>Rakotoarin. & J.Dransf</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] || Vondrozo, Madagascar |
||
|- |
|||
| ||''[[Ravenea cycadifolia]]'' <small> J.Dransf.</small> || || Madagascar. |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||''[[Ravenea declivium]]'' <small>J.Dransf. & Rakotoarin.</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] || Madagascar. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|||''[[Ravenea delicatula]]'' <small>Rakotoarin.</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] || northwest Madagascar |
|||''[[Ravenea delicatula]]'' <small>Rakotoarin.</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] || northwest Madagascar |
||
| Line 47: | Line 51: | ||
|[[File:Ravenea madagascariensis kz1.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea madagascariensis]]'' <small>[[Odoardo Beccari|Becc.]]</small> ||[[Least concern]] || Madagascar. |
|[[File:Ravenea madagascariensis kz1.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea madagascariensis]]'' <small>[[Odoardo Beccari|Becc.]]</small> ||[[Least concern]] || Madagascar. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ||''[[Ravenea moorei]]'' <small>J.Dransf. & N.W.Uhl</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] ||Comoros. |
|[[File:Ravenea_moorei_Kew_Gardens.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea moorei]]'' <small>J.Dransf. & N.W.Uhl</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] ||Comoros. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| ||''[[Ravenea musicalis]]'' <small>Beentje</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] ||Madagascar |
| ||''[[Ravenea musicalis]]'' <small>Beentje</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] ||Madagascar |
||
| Line 53: | Line 57: | ||
| ||''[[Ravenea nana]]'' <small>Beentje</small> ||[[Endangered]] ||Madagascar |
| ||''[[Ravenea nana]]'' <small>Beentje</small> ||[[Endangered]] ||Madagascar |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:AdultMajestyPalmFlorida.png|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'' <small>Jum. & H.Perrier</small> ||[[ |
|[[File:AdultMajestyPalmFlorida.png|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'' <small>Jum. & H.Perrier</small> ||[[Critically endangered]] ||Madagascar |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[File:Ravenea robustior kz1.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea robustior]]'' <small>Jum. & H.Perrier</small>||[[Near threatened]] ||Madagascar |
|[[File:Ravenea robustior kz1.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Ravenea robustior]]'' <small>Jum. & H.Perrier</small>||[[Near threatened]] ||Madagascar |
||
| Line 65: | Line 69: | ||
==Cultivation and uses== |
==Cultivation and uses== |
||
''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'' (majesty palm) is widely cultivated in subtropical regions, and it is sold commercially as a houseplant.<ref>Phillipson, P. 2017 |
''[[Ravenea rivularis]]'' (majesty palm) is widely cultivated in subtropical regions, and it is sold commercially as a houseplant.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Phillipson, P. |date=2017 |title=''Ravenea rivularis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T38677A67737451 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T38677A67737451.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> It is an adaptable palm that looks somewhat similar to the ever-popular [[Queen palm]]. It is a very large palm with a large, untidy crown. It has symmetrical leaves and develops an attractive swollen base of the trunk. Majesty palms prefer full sun, plenty of water, and high humidity to ensure healthy growth. It is tolerant of different soil types. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate in 2–3 months. |
||
[[File:Ravenea rivularis 2zz.jpg|thumb|Pinnate leaves characteristic to Ravenea]] |
[[File:Ravenea rivularis 2zz.jpg|thumb|Pinnate leaves characteristic to Ravenea]] |
||
Latest revision as of 12:07, 2 September 2024
| Ravenea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ravenea rivularis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Subfamily: | Ceroxyloideae |
| Tribe: | Ceroxyleae |
| Genus: | Ravenea C.D.Bouché |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Ravenea is a genus of 20 known species of palms, all native to Madagascar and the Comoros.[1][2]
They are small to large, dioecious palms, with solitary, robust grey stems, swollen at base and gradually tapering upward. The species vary greatly in size, with R. hildebrandtii and R. nana only reaching 4 m, while R. robustior and R. sambiranensis both reach 30 m. The leaves are up to 2–5 m long, pinnately compound, reduplicate, erect at first then arching, twisted near the apex; with numerous crowded narrow ribbed leaflets. The inflorescence is short, borne among the leaves; the fruit is a red drupe.[3] One particular species, Ravenea rivularis, is commonly cultivated as a houseplant and grown indoors all over the world. However, it is actually considered a vulnerable species in its wild habitat with fewer than 900 trees growing naturally.
Species
[edit]
Most of the species are endangered. Species such as R. moorei are critically so, with only two specimens known, last seen in 1993 (IUCN report). R. louvelii is little better off, with fewer than 25 plants known (IUCN report). Overall, less than 50 trees of several species are still alive. Historical data indicates that populations are still decreasing for most, except for Ravenea sambiranesis and Ravenea madagascariensis. The species listed as critically endangered will most likely become extinct this century unless measures are taken to cultivate new trees and protect their habitats from being disrupted by deforestation and water pollution. Even if as few as a dozen trees of each species were planted on ideal, protected land where they could reproduce, it would give each species a much better chance for survival.
Cultivation and uses
[edit]Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm) is widely cultivated in subtropical regions, and it is sold commercially as a houseplant.[4] It is an adaptable palm that looks somewhat similar to the ever-popular Queen palm. It is a very large palm with a large, untidy crown. It has symmetrical leaves and develops an attractive swollen base of the trunk. Majesty palms prefer full sun, plenty of water, and high humidity to ensure healthy growth. It is tolerant of different soil types. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate in 2–3 months.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Beentje, H. J. (1994). "A Monograph of Ravenea (Palmae: Ceroxyloideae)". Kew Bulletin. 49 (4): 623–671. Bibcode:1994KewBu..49..623B. doi:10.2307/4118064. JSTOR 4118064.
- ^ Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Phillipson, P. (2017). "Ravenea rivularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T38677A67737451. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T38677A67737451.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
