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|official_name =Comune di Aulla
|official_name =Comune di Aulla
|image_skyline =Aulla-IMG 0491.JPG
|image_skyline =Aulla-IMG 0491.JPG
|image_shield =Aulla-Stemma.png
|image_shield =Coat of arms of Aulla.svg
|image_caption = Panorama of Aulla
|image_caption = Panorama of Aulla
|image_map =
|image_map =
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|region =[[Tuscany]]
|region =[[Tuscany]]
|province =[[Province of Massa and Carrara|Massa and Carrara]]
|province =[[Province of Massa and Carrara|Massa and Carrara]]
|mayor =Silvia Magnani
|mayor =Roberto Valettini
|area_total_km2 =59
|area_total_km2 =5999
|population_total =10743
|population_total =11065
|population_as_of =31 May 2007
|population_as_of = 30 June 2017
|population_demonym =Aullesi
|population_demonym =Aullesi
|elevation_m =64
|elevation_m =64
Line 23: Line 23:
|area_code =0187
|area_code =0187
|website ={{official website|http://www.comuni-italiani.it/045/001/}}}}
|website ={{official website|http://www.comuni-italiani.it/045/001/}}}}

'''Aulla''' is a ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province of Massa and Carrara]], Tuscany (central Italy).
'''Aulla''' is a ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province of Massa and Carrara]], Tuscany, central Italy. It is located in the valley of the [[Magra|River Magra]].

== Geology==
[[File:Veduta di Aulla 2.jpg|thumb|left|Wide river bed of Magra in Aulla, upstream to Barbarasco and Lusuolo castle]]
In 1977, the Italian geologist Augusto Azzaroli discovered a series of mammal rests with a correlated [[fauna]] in the adjacent locality of [[Olivola]]. The so-called Olivola Conglomerates dated back to the late [[Villafranchian]] age (1.0 to 3.5 million years ago).<ref name = "0035-6883_2017_101_3" />

In the following year, a first level of continental sedimentary remains was found at a depth of 250 metres, with the following archaic tree species: ''[[Taxodium]]'', ''Sequoia'', ''[[Magnolia]]'', ''[[Symplocos]]'' and ''[[Sapotaceae]]''. In Europe, these species are usually dated to the pre-[[Pleistocene megafauna|Pleistocene]] (over 2.5 million years ago).
Their presence confirmed the hypothesis of a temperate to warm climate.<ref name = "0035-6883_2017_101_3" /><ref>{{cite journal| first = Remo | last = Bertoldi | url = https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/13173| title = Una sequenza palinologica di età rusciniana nei sedimenti lacustri basali di Aulla-Olivola (Val Di Magra)| language=it, en |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume = 94 | issue = 1 | date =June 1988 | oclc=8580329749 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200913170248/https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/13173 | archive-date = September 13, 2020 | url-status = live}}</ref>

[[Deer]] fossils have also been found in Aulla, from the ''[[Procapra|Procaproleus causanus]]'' and ''[[Pseudodama]] [[Acinonyx pardinensis|pardinensis lyra]]'' species which in the Western Europe "are characteristic of the mammal assemblages of the Early [Villafranchian" period (3.5-1.0 Ma). These animal fossils contrast with the oldest and deepest strata of sedimentary deposits and the so-called Olivola Conglomerates. Some researchers supposed they didn't originate in this area, given that fossils referred to the [[Villafranchian]] age are relatively common in Italy.{{clarify|date=October 2020 |reason=Appears contradictory: if they are common in Italy why were they though not to originate here?}}<ref name = "0035-6883_2017_101_3">{{cite journal | url = https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/8591/8173 | pages = 341–342 | title= Deer fauna from the Aulla quarry (Val Di Magra, Northern Apennines). Biochronological remarks | journal= Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia | year =2017 | volume=101 | issue =3 | doi = 10.13130/2039-4942/8591 | issn = 0035-6883 | publisher= [[University of Milan]]| last1 = ABBAZZI | first1 = LAURA | last2 = FICCARELLI | first2 = GIOVANNI | last3 = TORRE | first3 = DANILO }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Aulla-Brunella-Fortress-2012.JPG|left|thumb|The walls of the Brunella Fortress above Aulla]]
[[File:Aulla-Brunella-Fortress-2012.JPG|left|thumb|The walls of the Brunella Fortress above Aulla]]
Traces of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Etruscan civilization]]s found in the Church of Saint Caprisio indicate that there were settlements in Aulla long before the 8th century CE, when margrave [[Adalbert I of Tuscany]] founded a village and built a castle to accommodate pilgrims traveling the [[via Francigena]].<ref>Geo Pistarino, ''Una fonte medievale falsa e il suo presunto autore'' (University of Genoa, 1958) demonstrated in detail that the notorious "[[cartulary]] of Aulla", supposedly drawn up at the end of the thirteenth century, was in fact a forgery by [[Alfonso Ceccarelli]], who was executed for other forgeries in 1583.</ref> Here, at ''Aguilla'' [[Sigeric the Serious|Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury]], sojourned on his return journey from [[Rome]] about 990.<ref>F. P. Magoun, Jr., "The Italian Itinerary of Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) in the Year 1191" ''Speculum'' '''17'''.3 (July 1942;367-376) p. 373. Magoun notes that [[Philip Augustus of France]] may have stopped here on his more leisurely northward journey in 1191, but the possibly corresponding entry in his itinerary is unclear.</ref> The Malaspina family wrested feudal power of the city and its ''contada'' from the domination of the bishops and dukes of Luni. In 1543 the Centurione family purchased it. They built the {{ill|Brunella Fortress|it|Fortezza della Brunella}}, which was bought in the early 20th century by [[Aubrey Waterfield|Aubrey]] and [[Lina Waterfield]], and remains privately owned, functioning as a museum of natural history for the [[Lunigiana]] region.
Traces of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Etruscan civilization]]s found in the church of the [[Abbey of San Caprasio, Aulla|Abbey of San Caprasio]] indicate that there were settlements in Aulla long before the 8th century CE, when margrave [[Adalbert I of Tuscany]] founded a village and built a castle to accommodate pilgrims traveling the [[via Francigena]].<ref>Geo Pistarino, ''Una fonte medievale falsa e il suo presunto autore'' (University of Genoa, 1958) demonstrated in detail that the notorious "[[cartulary]] of Aulla", supposedly drawn up at the end of the thirteenth century, was in fact a forgery by [[Alfonso Ceccarelli]], who was executed for other forgeries in 1583.</ref> Here, at ''Aguilla'' [[Sigeric the Serious|Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury]], sojourned on his return journey from [[Rome]] about 990.<ref>F. P. Magoun, Jr., "The Italian Itinerary of Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) in the Year 1191" ''Speculum'' '''17'''.3 (July 1942;367-376) p. 373. Magoun notes that [[Philip Augustus of France]] may have stopped here on his more leisurely northward journey in 1191, but the possibly corresponding entry in his itinerary is unclear.</ref> The Malaspina family wrested feudal power of the city and its ''contada'' from the domination of the bishops and dukes of Luni. In 1543 the Centurione family purchased it. They built the {{ill|Brunella Fortress|it|Fortezza della Brunella}}, which was bought in the early 20th century by [[Aubrey Waterfield|Aubrey]] and [[Lina Waterfield]], and remains privately owned, functioning as a museum of natural history for the [[Lunigiana]] region.
One of the most important buildings of the town is the Abbey of San Caprasio that was founded in the 8th Century and was named by [[Caprasius of Lérins|Saint Caprasius]] of Lérin, whose body was transferred to Aulla in the 10th century.
One of the most important buildings of the town is the Abbey of San Caprasio that was founded in the 9th century and named after Saint [[Caprasius of Lérins]], whose body was transferred to Aulla in the 10th century.

⚫
In 1943, the historic center of Aulla was destroyed by Anglo-American bombings aimed at German troops stationed there during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. By the end of the war large sections of the city were obliterated by Anglo-American bombings which sought to destroy the town's key railroad network and gunpowder manufacturing plant. A replica of an unexploded bomb is preserved in the former abbey of San Caprasio, which is now a museum.


⚫
In 1943 the historic center of Aulla was destroyed by Anglo-American bombings aimed at German troops stationed there during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. By the end of the war large sections of the city were obliterated by Anglo-American bombings which sought to destroy the towns key railroad network and gunpower manufacturing plant. A replica of an unexploded bomb is preserved in the Abbey of San Caprasio.
In April 1945 the [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)]], aided by a significantly strong Italian partisan fighting force, liberated the city of Aulla, after fierce battles with retreating German troops.
In April 1945 the [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)]], aided by a significantly strong Italian partisan fighting force, liberated the city of Aulla, after fierce battles with retreating German troops.


{{main|Caprigliola bridge collapse}}
==Twin towns==

On 8 April 2020, a 260 metre long road bridge at Albiano Magra near Aulla collapsed into the River Magra. The traffic on the bridge was unusually light due to the [[2020 Italy coronavirus lockdown|coronavirus lockdown]] then in force, and the collapse resulted in only minor injuries to two casualties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lockdown keeps casualty figure low as Italian bridge collapses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/08/lockdown-keeps-casualty-figure-low-as-italian-bridge-collapses |date=8 April 2020 |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bridge Collapses in Italy, Newest Crumbling Infrastructure |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/04/08/world/europe/bc-eu-italy-bridge-collapse.html |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 April 2020}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Villerupt]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Villerupt]], France


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{commonscat|Aulla}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100203185210/http://www.comunediaulla.it/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100203185210/http://www.comunediaulla.it/ Official website]


{{Province of Massa and Carrara}}
{{Province of Massa and Carrara}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tuscany]]
[[Category:Aulla| ]]

Latest revision as of 21:05, 2 September 2024

Aulla
Comune
Comune di Aulla
Panorama of Aulla
Panorama of Aulla
Coat of arms of Aulla
Coat of arms
Location of Aulla
Map
Aulla is located in Italy
Aulla
Aulla
Location of Aulla in Italy
Aulla is located in Tuscany
Aulla
Aulla
Aulla (Tuscany)
Coordinates: 44°13′N 09°58′E / 44.217°N 9.967°E / 44.217; 9.967
CountryItaly
RegionTuscany
ProvinceMassa and Carrara
Government
 • MayorRoberto Valettini
Area
[1]
 • Total
5,999 km2 (2,316 sq mi)
Elevation
64 m (210 ft)
Population
 (30 June 2017)[2]
 • Total
11,065
 • Density1.8/km2 (4.8/sq mi)
DemonymAullesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
54011
Dialing code0187
Patron saintSt. Caprasius
WebsiteOfficial website

Aulla is a comune in the province of Massa and Carrara, Tuscany, central Italy. It is located in the valley of the River Magra.

Geology

[edit]
Wide river bed of Magra in Aulla, upstream to Barbarasco and Lusuolo castle

In 1977, the Italian geologist Augusto Azzaroli discovered a series of mammal rests with a correlated fauna in the adjacent locality of Olivola. The so-called Olivola Conglomerates dated back to the late Villafranchian age (1.0 to 3.5 million years ago).[3]

In the following year, a first level of continental sedimentary remains was found at a depth of 250 metres, with the following archaic tree species: Taxodium, Sequoia, Magnolia, Symplocos and Sapotaceae. In Europe, these species are usually dated to the pre-Pleistocene (over 2.5 million years ago). Their presence confirmed the hypothesis of a temperate to warm climate.[3][4]

Deer fossils have also been found in Aulla, from the Procaproleus causanus and Pseudodama pardinensis lyra species which in the Western Europe "are characteristic of the mammal assemblages of the Early [Villafranchian" period (3.5-1.0 Ma). These animal fossils contrast with the oldest and deepest strata of sedimentary deposits and the so-called Olivola Conglomerates. Some researchers supposed they didn't originate in this area, given that fossils referred to the Villafranchian age are relatively common in Italy.[clarification needed][3]

History

[edit]
The walls of the Brunella Fortress above Aulla

Traces of Roman and Etruscan civilizations found in the church of the Abbey of San Caprasio indicate that there were settlements in Aulla long before the 8th century CE, when margrave Adalbert I of Tuscany founded a village and built a castle to accommodate pilgrims traveling the via Francigena.[5] Here, at Aguilla Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, sojourned on his return journey from Rome about 990.[6] The Malaspina family wrested feudal power of the city and its contada from the domination of the bishops and dukes of Luni. In 1543 the Centurione family purchased it. They built the Brunella Fortress [it], which was bought in the early 20th century by Aubrey and Lina Waterfield, and remains privately owned, functioning as a museum of natural history for the Lunigiana region. One of the most important buildings of the town is the Abbey of San Caprasio that was founded in the 9th century and named after Saint Caprasius of Lérins, whose body was transferred to Aulla in the 10th century.

In 1943, the historic center of Aulla was destroyed by Anglo-American bombings aimed at German troops stationed there during the Second World War. By the end of the war large sections of the city were obliterated by Anglo-American bombings which sought to destroy the town's key railroad network and gunpowder manufacturing plant. A replica of an unexploded bomb is preserved in the former abbey of San Caprasio, which is now a museum.

In April 1945 the 442nd Infantry Regiment (United States), aided by a significantly strong Italian partisan fighting force, liberated the city of Aulla, after fierce battles with retreating German troops.

Main article: Caprigliola bridge collapse

On 8 April 2020, a 260 metre long road bridge at Albiano Magra near Aulla collapsed into the River Magra. The traffic on the bridge was unusually light due to the coronavirus lockdown then in force, and the collapse resulted in only minor injuries to two casualties.[7][8]

Sister cities

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ a b c ABBAZZI, LAURA; FICCARELLI, GIOVANNI; TORRE, DANILO (2017). "Deer fauna from the Aulla quarry (Val Di Magra, Northern Apennines). Biochronological remarks". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 101 (3). University of Milan: 341–342. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/8591. ISSN 0035-6883.
  4. ^ Bertoldi, Remo (June 1988). "Una sequenza palinologica di età rusciniana nei sedimenti lacustri basali di Aulla-Olivola (Val Di Magra)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (in Italian and English). 94 (1). OCLC 8580329749. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020.
  5. ^ Geo Pistarino, Una fonte medievale falsa e il suo presunto autore (University of Genoa, 1958) demonstrated in detail that the notorious "cartulary of Aulla", supposedly drawn up at the end of the thirteenth century, was in fact a forgery by Alfonso Ceccarelli, who was executed for other forgeries in 1583.
  6. ^ F. P. Magoun, Jr., "The Italian Itinerary of Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) in the Year 1191" Speculum 17.3 (July 1942;367-376) p. 373. Magoun notes that Philip Augustus of France may have stopped here on his more leisurely northward journey in 1191, but the possibly corresponding entry in his itinerary is unclear.
  7. ^ "Lockdown keeps casualty figure low as Italian bridge collapses". The Guardian. London. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Bridge Collapses in Italy, Newest Crumbling Infrastructure". The New York Times. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
[edit]
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