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Coordinates: 23°27′46″S 46°31′58″W / 23.46278°S 46.53278°W / -23.46278; -46.53278
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{{Expand Portuguese|topic=geo|date=December 2009|Guarulhos}}
{{Expand Portuguese|topic=geo|date=December 2009|Guarulhos}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Guarulhos
| name = Guarulhos
| settlement_type = Municipality
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| official_name = The Municipality of Guarulhos
| official_name = Municipality of Guarulhos
| nickname = ''Cidade Progresso'' (''Progress City'')
| nickname = ''Cidade Progresso'' (''Progress City'')
| motto = ''Vere paulistarum sanguis meus'' <small>([[Latin language|Latin]])</small><br/>The my blood is genuinely paulista
| motto = ''Vere paulistarum sanguis meus'' <small>([[Latin language|Latin]])</small><br />My blood is genuinely from [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
| image_skyline = Vista da cidade de Guarulhos (SP).JPG
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2/1|border=infobox
| imagesize =
| image1 = BOSQUE MAIA EM GUARULHOS-SP - panoramio.jpg
| image2 = Guarulhos, Edificações e Lazer, Av. Tiradentes x R. Joseph Zarzour - panoramio.jpg
| image_caption = Skyline
| image_flag = Bandeira de Guarulhos.svg
| image3 = Praça IV Centenário 2019 01.jpg
| image_shield = Brasão de Guarulhos.png
| image4 = Praça Mamonas Assassinas.jpg
| image_map = SaoPaulo Municip Guarulhos.svg
| image5 = ILHA-LAGO DOS PATOS-GUARULHOS-SP - panoramio (1).jpg
| image6 = Praça Esportiva Cícero Miranda (Estádio Cícero Miranda) - Rua dos Coqueiros sem numero - panoramio (2).jpg
| map_caption = Location of Guarulhos
| pushpin_map = Brazil
| image7 = Mirante continental (cropped).jpg
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Demonym]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[File:Bandeira do Estado de São Paulo.svg|border|22px]] [[State of São Paulo|São Paulo]]
| subdivision_name3 = ''guarulhense''
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Guarulhos|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Gustavo Henric Costa ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]])
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = December 8, 1560
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 318.68
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2020 <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/guarulhos/panorama IBGE 2020]</ref>
| population_note =
| population_total = 1,392,121
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset1 = -3
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|23|27|46|S|46|31|58|W|region:BR_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m = 759
| elevation_ft = 2490
| area_code = +55 11
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = 07000-000
| website = [http://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br Guarulhos, São Paulo]
| footnotes =
}}
}}
| imagesize =
'''Guarulhos''' ({{IPA-pt|ɡwaˈɾuʎus}}) is a Brazilian [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipality]]. It is the second most populous city in the Brazilian [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], the [[List of largest cities in Brazil|13th most populous city in Brazil]], and is also the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. In the last few years it has outgrown [[Campinas]]. It is part of the [[Metropolitan Region of São Paulo]].<ref>[http://governo-sp.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/1028148/lei-complementar-1139-11 Lei Complementar nº 1.139, de 16 de junho de 2011]</ref> Its population is 1,221,927 with an area of 318.68&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cod.ibge.gov.br/232XK |title=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |access-date=2015-09-30 |archive-date=2015-09-07 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150907124923/http://cod.ibge.gov.br/232XK |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Bandeira de Guarulhos.svg
| image_shield = Brasão de Guarulhos.png
| image_map = SaoPaulo Municip Guarulhos.svg
| map_caption = Location in São Paulo
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Demonym]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|São Paulo}}
| subdivision_name3 =
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Guarulhos|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Gustavo Henric Costa "Guti"
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = December 8, 1560
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 318.68
| area_total_sq_mi = 123.043036
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 156.52
| area_urban_sq_mi = 60.4327099
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/guarulhos/panorama IBGE 2020]</ref>
| population_note =
| population_total = 1,291,784
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset1 = -3
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|23|27|46|S|46|31|58|W|region:BR_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m = 759
| elevation_ft = 2490
| area_code = +55 11
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = 07000-000
| website = {{URL|guarulhos.sp.gov.br}}
| footnotes =
| founder = Manuel de Paiva
| named_for = Guarus Indigenous tribe
| blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info = 0.763 – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[File:BR-116 jct.svg|20px|link=BR-116]] [[File:BR-381 jct.svg|20px|link=Rodovia Fernão Dias]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = Interstates
| blank_name_sec2 = Airport
| blank_info_sec2 = [[São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport]]
| blank4_name_sec2 = [[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]
| blank4_info_sec2 = [[Line 13 (CPTM)|CPTM Line 13]]
}}

'''Guarulhos''' ({{IPA|pt|ɡwaˈɾuʎus}}) is a Brazilian [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipality]]. It is the second most populous city in the Brazilian [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], the [[List of largest cities in Brazil|13th most populous city in Brazil]], and is also the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. In the last few years it has outgrown [[Campinas]]. It is part of the [[Metropolitan Region of São Paulo]].<ref>[http://governo-sp.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/1028148/lei-complementar-1139-11 Lei Complementar nº 1.139, de 16 de junho de 2011]</ref> Its population is 1,291,784 with an area of 318.68&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/guarulhos/panorama |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2023-08-30}}</ref>


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[File:AeroportoGuarulhos Panoramica.jpg|thumb|left|São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport]]
The name comes from the [[Tupi language]], and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.
The name comes from the [[Tupi language]], and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.


It ranks 8th by GDP among Brazilian cities; 2nd in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the 10th largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793. [[São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport]] (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos]].
It ranks eighth by GDP among Brazilian cities; second in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the tenth largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793. [[São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport]] (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos]].


The municipality contains part of the {{convert|7917|ha}} [[Cantareira State Park]], created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.<ref>{{citation|access-date=2016-12-10|language=pt|date=June 2009|last=Leonel|first=Cristiane|title=Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual da Cantareira: Resumo Executivo|publisher=SEMA/SP|page=vi|url=http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/consema/files/2011/11/oficio_consema_2009_201/Reapresentacao_do_Resumo_Executivo_do_Plano_de_Manejo_do_Parque_Estadual_da_Cantareira.pdf}}{{dead link|date=August 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
The municipality contains part of the {{convert|7917|ha}} [[Cantareira State Park]], created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.<ref>{{citation|access-date=2016-12-10|language=pt|date=June 2009|last=Leonel|first=Cristiane|title=Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual da Cantareira: Resumo Executivo|publisher=SEMA/SP|page=vi|url=http://www.ambiente.sp.gov.br/consema/files/2011/11/oficio_consema_2009_201/Reapresentacao_do_Resumo_Executivo_do_Plano_de_Manejo_do_Parque_Estadual_da_Cantareira.pdf}}{{dead link|date=August 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
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==History==
==History==
Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of [[São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga|São Paulo de Piratininga Village]] against the [[Tamoios]], a tribe of Indigenous people that lived in that region.<ref name="História da Cidade">{{cite web |url=http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |title=História da Cidade |publisher=novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527135922/http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In the sixteenth century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: it bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and was surrounded by the [[Tietê River|Tietê]] (south), and [[Cabuçu de Cima River|Cabuçu de Cima]] (west) rivers. On that same period, was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays [[São Miguel Paulista (district of São Paulo)|São Miguel Paulista District]] in São Paulo.
Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a wild tribe of Indians that lived in that region.<ref name="História da Cidade">{{cite web |url=http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |title=História da Cidade |publisher=novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527135922/http://novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=292 |archive-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In 1880, Guarulhos emancipated from São Paulo and was named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos, was adopted later, after the enactment of the law #1.021, on November 6, 1906.
In the 16th Century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and surrounded by the rivers Tietê (south), and Cabuçu (east). On that same period was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays São Miguel Paulista District.


At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city was remarked by the settlement of a railroad and the power electricity system ([[São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company|Light & Power C.O.]]), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone system, industrial building permits, by commercial activities, and public transportation.
In 1880, Guarulhos was emancipated from São Paulo and named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos was adopted later, after the enactment of the law # 1.021, on November 6, 1906.


During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the [[Brazilian Revolution of 1930|Federal Intervention]] and the [[Constitutionalist Revolution|Constitutional Movement]] (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).
At the beginning of the twentieth century the city was remarked by the settlement of railroads and the power electricity system (Light & Power C.O.), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone
system, industrial buildings permits, by commercial activities and public transportation.


In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library was founded, in 1941, the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that, the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos was established. On that decade arrive in the municipality Industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks, and leather.<ref name="História da Cidade"/>
During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the Federal Intervention, and the Constitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).


In 1945 the [[São Paulo Air Force Base|São Paulo's Air Force Base]] (BASP) was transferred from [[Campo de Marte Airport|Campo de Marte]], a small airport in São Paulo, to the Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.
In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library is founded, in 1941 the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos is established. On that decade arrive in the municipality Industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks and leather.<ref name="História da Cidade"/>


In 1958 the [[Rotary Club]] established a branch in the city.
In 1945 the São Paulo's Air Base (BASP) was transferred from the Campo de Marte, a little airport in São Paulo, to Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.


The [[Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos]] was founded in 1961.
In 1958 the Rotary Club establishes a branch in the city.


In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos was founded, nowadays, the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE).
The [[Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos]] is founded in 1961.


With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled in an urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP Histórico |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}</ref>
In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos is founded, nowadays the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE).


In 1985 the Cumbica Airport was opened.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |title=GUarulhos sec. XX |publisher=guaru.com.br/ |author=Kishi, Massami |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028054512/http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |archive-date=2011-10-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Today it is called "[[São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport|International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro]]" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |title=Top 100 Airports by Seat Capacity Available on International Departing Flights |author=OAG MAX Online |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612184525/http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |archive-date=2008-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled themselves in urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP Histórico |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}</ref>


Between 2000 and 2006, its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]], Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo's capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP População |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}</ref>
In 1985 the Cumbica Airport is opened.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |title=GUarulhos sec. XX |publisher=guaru.com.br/ |author=Kishi, Massami |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028054512/http://www.guaru.com.br/secxx/detalhe.asp?codigo=99 |archive-date=2011-10-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Today it is called "International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |title=Top 100 Airports by Seat Capacity Available on International Departing Flights |author=OAG MAX Online |access-date=2011-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612184525/http://www.airtransportnews.aero/analysis.pl?id=306 |archive-date=2008-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Notable people==
Between 2000 and 2006 its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to IBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo Capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=351880# |title= IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP População |publisher=www.ibge.gov.br/ |access-date=2011-05-30 |language= pt}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
* [[Rebeca Andrade]], gymnast
* [[Rebeca Andrade]], gymnast
* [[Natália Araujo]], brazilian indoor volleyball player, World Championship runner-up
* [[Any Gabrielly]], singer, dancer and actress
* [[Marques Batista de Abreu]], footballer and, beginning in 2011, politician
* [[Marques Batista de Abreu]], footballer and, beginning in 2011, politician
* [[Cristiano Marques Gomes]], footballer
* [[Cristiano Marques Gomes]], footballer
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* [[David Braz]], footballer
* [[David Braz]], footballer
* [[Gabriel Martinelli]], footballer
* [[Gabriel Martinelli]], footballer
* [[Jaimerson Xavier]], footballer
* [[Jaimerson Xavier]], footballer.
* [[David da Silva]], footballer
* [[David da Silva]], footballer.
* [[Raffa Moreira]], rapper
* [[Vinícius Silvestre]], footballer.
* [[Any Gabrielly]], singer, actress, dancer, and model
*[[Gideon Greenberg], accountant and financial controller


==Climate==
==Climate==
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]" (Humid Subtropical Climate).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=357738&cityname=Guarulhos%2C+Sao+Paulo%2C+Brazil&units= Climate Summary for Guarulhos]</ref>
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]" (Humid Subtropical Climate).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=357738&cityname=Guarulhos%2C+Sao+Paulo%2C+Brazil&units= Climate Summary for Guarulhos]</ref>

{{Weather box
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Guarulhos
|metric first=y
|single line = Yes
|single line=y
|metric first = Yes
|Jan high F = 81
|collapsed = Y
|location = Guarulhos (1981–2010)
|Feb high F = 83
|Mar high F = 80
|Jan high C = 29.2
|Apr high F = 77
|Feb high C = 29.4
|May high F = 73
|Mar high C = 28.5
|Jun high F = 71
|Apr high C = 26.9
|Jul high F = 70
|May high C = 23.9
|Aug high F = 72
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Sep high F = 73
|Jul high C = 22.8
|Oct high F = 76
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Nov high F = 79
|Sep high C = 24.8
|Dec high F = 80
|Oct high C = 26.6
|year high F =
|Nov high C = 27.6
|Jan low F = 68
|Dec high C = 28.4
|Feb low F = 68
| year high C = 26.3
|Mar low F = 67
|Jan mean C = 23.4
|Apr low F = 64
|Feb mean C = 23.5
|May low F = 58
|Mar mean C = 22.8
|Jun low F = 56
|Apr mean C = 21.3
|Jul low F = 53
|May mean C = 18.5
|Aug low F = 54
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Sep low F = 57
|Jul mean C = 16.6
|Oct low F = 61
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Nov low F = 64
|Sep mean C = 18.8
|Dec low F = 65
|Oct mean C = 20.4
|year low F =
|Nov mean C = 21.5
|Dec mean C = 22.5
|Jan precipitation days = 14
| year mean C = 20.4
|Feb precipitation days = 9
|Jan low C = 19.1
|Mar precipitation days = 11
|Feb low C = 19.2
|Apr precipitation days = 6
|Mar low C = 18.6
|May precipitation days = 7
|Apr low C = 17.1
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|May low C = 14.3
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Jun low C = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 7
|Jul low C = 12.0
|Sep precipitation days = 9
|Aug low C = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 10
|Sep low C = 14.1
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Oct low C = 15.8
|Dec precipitation days = 13
|Nov low C = 16.9
|year precipitation days = 109
|Dec low C = 18.1
|source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>
| year low C = 15.9
{{cite web
|precipitation colour = green
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=357738&cityname=Guarulhos%2C+Sao+Paulo%2C+Brazil&units=
|Jan precipitation mm = 269.1
|title=Weatherbase.com
|Feb precipitation mm = 224.9
|year=2013
|Mar precipitation mm = 203.9
}}
|Apr precipitation mm = 86.6
Retrieved on July 29, 2013.
|May precipitation mm = 79.0
</ref>
|Jun precipitation mm = 41.7
|date=July 2013
|Jul precipitation mm = 48.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 32.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 88.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 122.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 134.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 226.8
|year precipitation mm = 1558.8
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 16
| Feb precipitation days = 14
| Mar precipitation days = 14
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 7
| Jun precipitation days = 4
| Jul precipitation days = 4
| Aug precipitation days = 3
| Sep precipitation days = 7
| Oct precipitation days = 9
| Nov precipitation days = 10
| Dec precipitation days = 15
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 75.4
| Feb humidity = 75.5
| Mar humidity = 75.5
| Apr humidity = 74.6
| May humidity = 75.9
| Jun humidity = 75.4
| Jul humidity = 74.1
| Aug humidity = 69.9
| Sep humidity = 72.6
| Oct humidity = 73.7
| Nov humidity = 73.0
| Dec humidity = 75.0
| year humidity = 74.2
|Jan sun = 141.1
|Feb sun = 136.6
|Mar sun = 156.1
|Apr sun = 162.1
|May sun = 157.5
|Jun sun = 155.2
|Jul sun = 162.0
|Aug sun = 169.9
|Sep sun = 127.2
|Oct sun = 138.2
|Nov sun = 145.2
|Dec sun = 139.5
|year sun = 1790.6
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia<ref name=INMET>{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 21 May 2024}}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 175: Line 247:


[[São Paulo Air Force Base|São Paulo Air Force Base - BASP]], a base of the [[Brazilian Air Force]], is located in Guarulhos.
[[São Paulo Air Force Base|São Paulo Air Force Base - BASP]], a base of the [[Brazilian Air Force]], is located in Guarulhos.

== Media ==
In telecommunications, the city was served by [[:pt:Telecomunicações_de_São_Paulo|Telecomunicações de São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imprensaoficial.com.br/DO/BuscaDO2001Documento_11_4.aspx?link=/1973/ineditoriais/abril/24/p1/pag_0054_DUI6O3SN7V5CNe7E7ANSRTTG04F.pdf&pagina=54&data=24/04/1973&caderno=Ineditoriais&paginaordenacao=100054|title=Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973|access-date=2024-06-04|website=www.imprensaoficial.com.br|language=Portuguese}}</ref> In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the [[Vivo (telecommunications company)|Vivo]] brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).<ref name=":vivo">{{Cite web|url=https://ri.telefonica.com.br/en/the-company/our-history/|title=Our History - Telefônica RI|access-date=2024-06-04|website=Telefônica}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population]]
* [[List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population]]


==References==
==References==
Line 187: Line 262:
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.airporttown.com.br Locação de Galpões em Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.airporttown.com.br Locação de Galpões em Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101223033705/http://www.estacionamentoaeroportoguarulhos.com/ Estacionamento Aeroporto Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101223033705/http://www.estacionamentoaeroportoguarulhos.com/ Estacionamento Aeroporto Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.webbusca.com.br/pagam_guarulhos.htm Guarulhos - Yellow Pages].
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.webbusca.com.br/pagam_guarulhos.htm Guarulhos - Yellow Pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502065324/http://www.webbusca.com.br/pagam_guarulhos.htm |date=2006-05-02 }}.
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br City Hall of Guarulhos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194833/http://webgeo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/webgeo/index.php |date=2013-01-31 }}.
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br City Hall of Guarulhos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194833/http://webgeo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/webgeo/index.php |date=2013-01-31 }}.
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217175217/http://www.guarulhos.blog.br/ Guia de Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217175217/http://www.guarulhos.blog.br/ Guia de Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://desentupidoraguarulhos.com.br/ Guarulhos].
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhosonline.com - Guarulhos Online].
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.guarulhosonline.com - Guarulhos Online].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427024934/http://www.melhorprecodeguarulhos.com.br/ - Guia Guarulhos de Negócios].
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427024934/http://www.melhorprecodeguarulhos.com.br/ - Guia Guarulhos de Negócios].
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* {{in lang|pt}} [http://guaurlhosmais.com/ Portal de Guarulhos - Portal of Guarulhos City]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://guaurlhosmais.com/ Portal de Guarulhos - Portal of Guarulhos City]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.


{{Municipalities of São Paulo}}
{{Brazil topics}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 18:00, 3 September 2024

This article is about the city. For the airport, see São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport.
Guarulhos
Municipality
Municipality of Guarulhos
Flag of Guarulhos
Flag
Coat of arms of Guarulhos
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Cidade Progresso (Progress City)
Motto(s): 
Vere paulistarum sanguis meus (Latin)
My blood is genuinely from São Paulo
Location in São Paulo
Location in São Paulo
Coordinates: 23°27′46″S 46°31′58″W / 23.46278°S 46.53278°W / -23.46278; -46.53278
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State São Paulo
FoundedDecember 8, 1560
Founded byManuel de Paiva
Named forGuarus Indigenous tribe
Government
 • MayorGustavo Henric Costa "Guti" (PSD)
Area
318.68 km2 (123.043036 sq mi)
 • Urban
156.52 km2 (60.4327099 sq mi)
Elevation
759 m (2,490 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
1,291,784
 • Density4,100/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-3 (BRT)
Postal Code
07000-000
Area code+55 11
HDI (2010)0.763 – high[2]
AirportSão Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport
Interstates
Rapid TransitCPTM Line 13
Websiteguarulhos.sp.gov.br

Guarulhos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡwaˈɾuʎus]) is a Brazilian municipality. It is the second most populous city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, the 13th most populous city in Brazil, and is also the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. In the last few years it has outgrown Campinas. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo.[3] Its population is 1,291,784 with an area of 318.68 km2.[4]

Overview

[edit]

The name comes from the Tupi language, and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.

It ranks eighth by GDP among Brazilian cities; second in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the tenth largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793. São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos.

The municipality contains part of the 7,917 hectares (19,560 acres) Cantareira State Park, created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.[5] It also contains part of the 292,000 hectares (720,000 acres) Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.[6]

History

[edit]

Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a tribe of Indigenous people that lived in that region.[7]

In the sixteenth century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: it bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and was surrounded by the Tietê (south), and Cabuçu de Cima (west) rivers. On that same period, was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays São Miguel Paulista District in São Paulo.

In 1880, Guarulhos emancipated from São Paulo and was named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos, was adopted later, after the enactment of the law #1.021, on November 6, 1906.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city was remarked by the settlement of a railroad and the power electricity system (Light & Power C.O.), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone system, industrial building permits, by commercial activities, and public transportation.

During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the Federal Intervention and the Constitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).

In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library was founded, in 1941, the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that, the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos was established. On that decade arrive in the municipality Industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks, and leather.[7]

In 1945 the São Paulo's Air Force Base (BASP) was transferred from Campo de Marte, a small airport in São Paulo, to the Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.

In 1958 the Rotary Club established a branch in the city.

The Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos was founded in 1961.

In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos was founded, nowadays, the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE).

With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled in an urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.[8]

In 1985 the Cumbica Airport was opened.[9] Today it is called "International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America.[10]

Between 2000 and 2006, its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to IBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo's capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.[11]

Notable people

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[12]

Climate data for Guarulhos (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.2
(84.6) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.9
(80.4) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.8
(73.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.8
(76.6) 		26.6
(79.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.4
(83.1) 		26.3
(79.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		16.6
(61.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.4
(68.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.3
(57.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		14.1
(57.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		16.9
(62.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		15.9
(60.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 269.1
(10.59) 		224.9
(8.85) 		203.9
(8.03) 		86.6
(3.41) 		79.0
(3.11) 		41.7
(1.64) 		48.5
(1.91) 		32.1
(1.26) 		88.9
(3.50) 		122.5
(4.82) 		134.8
(5.31) 		226.8
(8.93) 		1,558.8
(61.37)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16 14 14 7 7 4 4 3 7 9 10 15 110
Average relative humidity (%) 75.4 75.5 75.5 74.6 75.9 75.4 74.1 69.9 72.6 73.7 73.0 75.0 74.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 141.1 136.6 156.1 162.1 157.5 155.2 162.0 169.9 127.2 138.2 145.2 139.5 1,790.6
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[13]

Transportation

[edit]

The main highway to serve Guarulhos is the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro.

In 2018, the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos commuter rail system's Line 13–Jade[14] was opened, connecting São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport with Engenheiro Goulart. In 2021, construction will begin on the first line of the São Paulo Metro to serve Guarulhos, Line 19–Sky Blue.[15]

São Paulo Air Force Base - BASP, a base of the Brazilian Air Force, is located in Guarulhos.

Media

[edit]

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo.[16] In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).[17]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ IBGE 2020
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ Lei Complementar nº 1.139, de 16 de junho de 2011
  4. ^ "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística". Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  5. ^ Leonel, Cristiane (June 2009), Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual da Cantareira: Resumo Executivo (PDF) (in Portuguese), SEMA/SP, p. vi, retrieved 2016-12-10[dead link‍]
  6. ^ Unidade de Conservação: Área de Proteção Ambiental Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraíba do Sul (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-10-01
  7. ^ a b "História da Cidade" (in Portuguese). novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  8. ^ "IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP Histórico" (in Portuguese). www.ibge.gov.br/. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  9. ^ Kishi, Massami. "GUarulhos sec. XX". guaru.com.br/. Archived from the original on 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  10. ^ OAG MAX Online. "Top 100 Airports by Seat Capacity Available on International Departing Flights". Archived from the original on 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  11. ^ "IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP População" (in Portuguese). www.ibge.gov.br/. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  12. ^ Climate Summary for Guarulhos
  13. ^ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  14. ^ "Trem de Guarulhos" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  15. ^ "São Paulo Metro begins studies to build Line 19". 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  16. ^ "Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973". www.imprensaoficial.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  17. ^ "Our History - Telefônica RI". Telefônica. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Guarulhos.

Media related to Guarulhos at Wikimedia Commons

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