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{{Short description|American record label}}
{{use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}
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| image = Enigma logo.png
| image = Enigma logo.png
| image_alt = Enigma logo
| image_alt = Enigma logo
| parent = Greenworld Distribution (until 1985)<br />[[EMI]] (from 1989)<br />[[Universal Music Group]] (back catalog)<br />[[Disney Music Group]] (Stryper catalog)
| parent = Greenworld Distribution (until 1985)<br>[[EMI]] (from 1989)<br>[[Universal Music Group]] (back catalog)<br>[[Disney Music Group]] (Stryper catalog)<br>[[Warner Music Group]] (Devo and Restless catalogs)
| founded = {{start date|1980}}
| founded = {{start date|1980}}
| founder = William and Wesley Hein
| founder = William and Wesley Hein
| defunct = {{end date|1991}}
| defunct = {{end date|1991}}
| status = Defunct
| status = Defunct
| distributor = [[Capitol Records]] (reissues)<br />[[Hollywood Records]] (Stryper reissues)
| distributor = [[Capitol Records]] (reissues)<br>[[Hollywood Records]] (Stryper reissues)
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[alternative rock|alternative]], [[punk rock|punk]]<ref name=spin/>
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[alternative rock|alternative]], [[punk rock|punk]]<ref name=spin/>
| country = United States
| country = United States
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}}
}}


'''Enigma Records''' (also known as '''Enigma Entertainment Corporation''') was a popular [[rock music|rock]] and [[alternative music|alternative]] American [[record label]] in the 1980s.
'''Enigma Records''' (also known as '''Enigma Entertainment Corporation''') was a popular [[rock music|rock]] and [[alternative rock|alternative]] American [[record label]] in the 1980s.


==History==
==History==
Enigma Records launched as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent [[music]] importer/distributor, in 1981.<ref name=elperiodico/><ref name=Hein/> Four years later, in 1985, Enigma severed ties with its former parent Greenworld and became its own company.<ref name=billboard2/> Enigma was initially located in [[Torrance, California]],<ref name=spin/> then [[El Segundo, California]]<ref name=latimes/> and finally [[Culver City, California]].<ref name=spin2/> Enigma was founded and run by brothers William and Wesley Hein.<ref name=Hein /> Jim Martone joined the company in 1984.<ref name=music180/> Enigma focused on [[punk rock]], [[Alternative music|alternative]], and [[heavy metal music]]<ref name=spin/> though it also released [[techno]] (Synthicide Records), [[jazz]] (Intima Records) and [[European classical music|classical music]] (Enigma Classics) through subsidiary labels.<ref name=billboard2/>
Enigma Records launched as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent [[music]] importer/distributor, in 1981.<ref name=elperiodico/><ref name=Hein/> Four years later, in 1985, Enigma severed ties with Greenworld and became its own company.<ref name=billboard2/> Enigma was initially located in [[Torrance, California]],<ref name=spin/> then [[El Segundo, California]]<ref name=latimes/> and finally [[Culver City, California]].<ref name=spin2/> Enigma was founded and run by brothers William and Wesley Hein.<ref name=Hein /> Jim Martone joined the company in 1984.<ref name=music180/> Enigma focused on [[punk rock]], alternative, and [[heavy metal music]]<ref name=spin/> though it also released [[techno]] (Synthicide Records), [[jazz]] (Intima Records) and [[European classical music|classical music]] (Enigma Classics) through subsidiary labels.<ref name=billboard2/>


The label's first release was [[Mötley Crüe]]'s ''[[Too Fast for Love]]''.<ref name=billboard2/> The album was initially released under the band's own [[Leathür Records]] imprint but manufactured, marketed and distributed by what would become the Enigma Records team. After the band moved on to [[Elektra Records]], the Enigma Records name was adopted and all subsequent artists were released under this new name. Enigma's next major success was with the pop band [[Berlin (band)|Berlin]].<ref name=billboard2/><ref name=notc/>
The label's first release was [[Mötley Crüe]]'s ''[[Too Fast for Love]]''.<ref name=billboard2/> The album was initially released under the band's own [[Leathür Records]] imprint but manufactured, marketed and distributed by what would become the Enigma Records team. After the band moved on to [[Elektra Records]], the Enigma Records name was adopted and all subsequent artists were released under this new name. Enigma's next major success was with the pop band [[Berlin (band)|Berlin]].<ref name=billboard2/><ref name=notc/>
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Enigma's Canadian division was closed in 1992 and was reorganized into [[FRE Records]] before shuttering in 1999, after which its back catalogs was sold to [[DROG Records]].
Enigma's Canadian division was closed in 1992 and was reorganized into [[FRE Records]] before shuttering in 1999, after which its back catalogs was sold to [[DROG Records]].


The Enigma catalog is controlled by [[Capitol Music Group]], owned by [[Universal Music Group]] which acquired Capitol's former parent EMI and the majority of its recorded music operations in 2012. [[Disney Music Group]]'s [[Hollywood Records]], distributed by UMG, handles the reissues of Stryper's Enigma albums. The catalog of Enigma titles that were merged into Restless is owned by [[Warner Music Group]], which acquired Restless's previous parent [[Rykodisc]] in 2006, and distributed by the [[Alternative Distribution Alliance]].
The Enigma catalog is controlled by [[Capitol Music Group]], owned by [[Universal Music Group]] which acquired Capitol's former parent EMI and the majority of its recorded music operations in 2012. [[Disney Music Group]]'s [[Hollywood Records]], distributed by UMG, handles the reissues of Stryper's Enigma albums. The catalog of Devo's albums and Enigma titles that were merged into Restless is owned by [[Warner Music Group]], which acquired Restless's previous parent [[Rykodisc]] in 2006, and distributed by the [[Alternative Distribution Alliance]].


==Artists==
==Artists==
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*[[Berlin (band)|Berlin]]
*[[Berlin (band)|Berlin]]
*[[David Cassidy]]
*[[David Cassidy]]
*[[Casteel]]
*[[Celtic Frost]]
*[[Celtic Frost]]
*[[Channel 3 (band)|Channel 3]]
*[[Channel 3 (band)|Channel 3]]
*[[Close Lobsters]]
*[[The Cramps]]
*[[The Cramps]]
*[[Dead Milkmen]]
*[[Dead Milkmen]]
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*[[The Dickies]]
*[[The Dickies]]
*[[Don Dixon (musician)|Don Dixon]]
*[[Don Dixon (musician)|Don Dixon]]
*[[Dream Syndicate]]
*[[The Effigies]]
*[[The Effigies]]
*[[Roky Erickson]]
*[[Roky Erickson]]
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*[[Guardian (band)|Guardian]]
*[[Guardian (band)|Guardian]]
*[[Peter Hammill]]
*[[Peter Hammill]]
*[[Hawkwind]]
*[[Allan Holdsworth]]
*[[Allan Holdsworth]]
*[[Hurricane (American band)|Hurricane]]
*[[Hurricane (American band)|Hurricane]]
*[[Hüsker Dü]]
*[[Hüsker Dü]]
*[[Jon and the Nightriders]]
*[[Steve Kilbey]]
*[[Steve Kilbey]]
*[[Lȧȧz Rockit]]
*[[Lȧȧz Rockit]]
*[[Laibach]]
*[[The Leaving Trains]]
*[[The Leaving Trains]]
*[[Lizzy Borden (band)|Lizzy Borden]]
*[[Lizzy Borden (band)|Lizzy Borden]]
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*[[Mötley Crüe]]
*[[Mötley Crüe]]
*[[Motörhead]]
*[[Motörhead]]
*[[Naked Raygun]]
*[[Bill Nelson (musician)|Bill Nelson]]
*[[Bill Nelson (musician)|Bill Nelson]]
*[[Michael Vescera|Obsession]]
*[[Michael Vescera|Obsession]]
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*[[Tex and the Horseheads]]
*[[Tex and the Horseheads]]
*[[They Might Be Giants]]
*[[They Might Be Giants]]
*[[Thor (band)]]
*[[Thor (band)|Thor]]
*Tom Peterson and Another Language
*Tom Peterson and Another Language
*[[T.S.O.L.]]
*[[T.S.O.L.]]
Line 123: Line 127:
*[[Wire (band)|Wire]]
*[[Wire (band)|Wire]]
*[[XYZ (US band)|XYZ]]
*[[XYZ (US band)|XYZ]]
*[[Znowhite]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


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| language = es-ES
| language = es-ES
| url = https://www.elperiodico.com/es/port/ideas/20191031/chiswick-stiff-creation-mejores-discograficas-independientes-strokes
| url = https://www.elperiodico.com/es/port/ideas/20191031/chiswick-stiff-creation-mejores-discograficas-independientes-strokes
| accessdate = 2020-03-09
| access-date = 2020-03-09
| quote = In 1980, Enigma Records was created by the brothers William and Wesley Hein as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent music distributor and importer. A few years later they split from the parent company and moved to California and dedicated themselves to promoting and supporting alternative music bands and artists. ... Notable artists include: The Dream Syndicate, Don Dixon, The Cramps, Agent Orange, Rock Erickson, Green On Red, The Minutemen, Rain Parade, Redd Kross, The Vandals, Wednesday Week, Stryper and The Smithereens. ''(translated from Spanish)''}}</ref>
| quote = In 1980, Enigma Records was created by the brothers William and Wesley Hein as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent music distributor and importer. A few years later they split from the parent company and moved to California and dedicated themselves to promoting and supporting alternative music bands and artists. ... Notable artists include: The Dream Syndicate, Don Dixon, The Cramps, Agent Orange, Rock Erickson, Green On Red, The Minutemen, Rain Parade, Redd Kross, The Vandals, Wednesday Week, Stryper and The Smithereens. ''(translated from Spanish)''}}</ref>
<ref name=Hein >{{cite web
<ref name=Hein >{{cite web
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| website = [[LinkedIn]]
| website = [[LinkedIn]]
| url = http://www.linkedin.com/pub/wesley-hein/0/a2/b60
| url = http://www.linkedin.com/pub/wesley-hein/0/a2/b60
| accessdate = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
| access-date = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
<ref name=music180>{{cite web
<ref name=music180>{{cite web
| title = Jim Martone
| title = Jim Martone
| website = Music 180.com
| website = Music 180.com
| url = http://music180.com/pros/14
| url = http://music180.com/pros/14
| accessdate = 2011-06-18
| access-date = 2011-06-18
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110822192948/http://music180.com/pros/14
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110822192948/http://music180.com/pros/14
| archivedate = 2011-08-22}}</ref>
| archive-date = 2011-08-22}}</ref>
<ref name=notc>{{cite web
<ref name=notc>{{cite web
| title = Enigma Records History
| title = Enigma Records History
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| website = New on the Charts
| website = New on the Charts
| url = http://www.notc.com/Content/Spotlights/1984/EnigmA-Records-9-84.pdf
| url = http://www.notc.com/Content/Spotlights/1984/EnigmA-Records-9-84.pdf
| accessdate = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
| access-date = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name=billboard>{{cite news
<ref name=billboard>{{cite magazine
| first = Sam
| first = Sam
| last = Sutherland
| last = Sutherland
| title = Capitol Is Solution for Enigma Distribution
| title = Capitol Is Solution for Enigma Distribution
| date = 1986-05-03
| date = 1986-05-03
| website = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]
| magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]
| volume = 98
| volume = 98
| issue = 18
| issue = 18
| pages = 4, 71
| pages = 4, 71
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1iQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1iQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4
| accessdate = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
| access-date = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
<ref name=billboard2>{{cite news
<ref name=billboard2>{{cite magazine
| first = Fred
| first = Fred
| last = Goodman
| last = Goodman
| title = Putting Business back Into the Music Business
| title = Putting Business back Into the Music Business
| date = 1987-07-18
| date = 1987-07-18
| website = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]
| magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]
| pages = E-4
| pages = E-4
| url = https://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Billboard-IDX/IDX/80s/1987/Billboard-1987-07-18-OCR-Page-0060.pdf
| url = https://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Billboard-IDX/IDX/80s/1987/Billboard-1987-07-18-OCR-Page-0060.pdf
| access-date = 2020-03-09}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}</ref>
| archiveurl = https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NACY792n2SEJ:https://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Billboard-IDX/IDX/80s/1987/Billboard-1987-07-18-OCR-Page-0060.pdf+&cd=27&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
| archivedate = 2020-03-09
| accessdate = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name=q103>{{cite web
<ref name=q103>{{cite web
| title = Stryper History
| title = Stryper History
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| website = Q103 Albany
| website = Q103 Albany
| url = http://q103albany.com/30-years-ago-stryper-releases-to-hell-with-the-devil/
| url = http://q103albany.com/30-years-ago-stryper-releases-to-hell-with-the-devil/
| accessdate = 2016-10-22}}</ref>
| access-date = 2016-10-22}}</ref>
<ref name=latimes>{{cite news
<ref name=latimes>{{cite news
| first = William K., Jr
| first = William K. Jr
| last = Knoedlseder
| last = Knoedlseder
| title = Polygram Will Buy Island Records for About $300 Million
| title = Polygram Will Buy Island Records for About $300 Million
| date = 1989-07-28
| date = 1989-07-28
| website = [[Los Angeles Times]]
| website = [[Los Angeles Times]]
| url = http://articles.latimes.com/1989-07-28/business/fi-294_1_island-records
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-28-fi-294-story.html
| accessdate = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
| access-date = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name=rym>{{cite web
<ref name=rym>{{cite web
| title = Enigma Records
| title = Enigma Records
| website = [[Rate Your Music]]
| website = [[Rate Your Music]]
| url = http://rateyourmusic.com/label/enigma_records
| url = http://rateyourmusic.com/label/enigma_records
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221612/http://rateyourmusic.com/label/enigma_records
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120717225419/http://rateyourmusic.com/label/enigma_records
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
| archivedate = 2016-03-03
| archive-date = 2012-07-17
| accessdate = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
| access-date = 2011-06-18}}</ref>
<ref name=spin>{{cite news
<ref name=spin>{{cite news
| first = Robert
| first = Robert
Line 211: Line 214:
| page = 31
| page = 31
| website = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]
| website = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&pg=PA31
| accessdate = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
| access-date = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name=spin2>{{cite news
<ref name=spin2>{{cite news
| title = Ad for the Cramps ''Stay Sick'' album
| title = Ad for the Cramps ''Stay Sick'' album
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| page = 23
| page = 23
| website = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]
| website = [[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ2P1hu6nToC&pg=PA23
| accessdate = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
| access-date = 2020-03-09}}</ref>
}}
}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Enigma Records| ]]
[[Category:Enigma Records| ]]
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[[Category:Rock record labels]]
[[Category:Rock record labels]]
[[Category:EMI]]
[[Category:EMI]]
[[Category:Record labels disestablished in 1989]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:Record labels disestablished in 1991]]
[[Category:Record labels based in California]]
[[Category:Record labels based in California]]
[[Category:Techno record labels]]
[[Category:Techno record labels]]

Latest revision as of 18:54, 3 September 2024

Enigma Records
Enigma logo
Parent companyGreenworld Distribution (until 1985)
EMI (from 1989)
Universal Music Group (back catalog)
Disney Music Group (Stryper catalog)
Warner Music Group (Devo and Restless catalogs)
Founded1980 (1980)
FounderWilliam and Wesley Hein
Defunct1991 (1991)
StatusDefunct
Distributor(s)Capitol Records (reissues)
Hollywood Records (Stryper reissues)
GenreHard rock, heavy metal, alternative, punk[1]
Country of originUnited States
LocationTorrance, El Segundo, Culver City, California

Enigma Records (also known as Enigma Entertainment Corporation) was a popular rock and alternative American record label in the 1980s.

History

[edit]

Enigma Records launched as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent music importer/distributor, in 1981.[2][3] Four years later, in 1985, Enigma severed ties with Greenworld and became its own company.[4] Enigma was initially located in Torrance, California,[1] then El Segundo, California[5] and finally Culver City, California.[6] Enigma was founded and run by brothers William and Wesley Hein.[3] Jim Martone joined the company in 1984.[7] Enigma focused on punk rock, alternative, and heavy metal music[1] though it also released techno (Synthicide Records), jazz (Intima Records) and classical music (Enigma Classics) through subsidiary labels.[4]

The label's first release was Mötley Crüe's Too Fast for Love.[4] The album was initially released under the band's own Leathür Records imprint but manufactured, marketed and distributed by what would become the Enigma Records team. After the band moved on to Elektra Records, the Enigma Records name was adopted and all subsequent artists were released under this new name. Enigma's next major success was with the pop band Berlin.[4][8]

Enigma Records was initially distributed through independent record importers/distributors such as Jem Records and Important Records. In 1984, Enigma entered into a joint venture with EMI America to sign and develop new artists. Among the artists signed under the venture were the Red Hot Chili Peppers and SSQ (later renamed Stacey Q and signed to Atlantic Records). In 1986, Enigma moved its distribution to Capitol/EMI,[4] a major record label, while leaving its Restless Records division with the independent distributors that had previously distributed Enigma. Poison, a glam rock band, and The Smithereens were two of the first artists released under the joint Enigma / Capitol relationship, both of which had significant success. That same year it launched a music video line, which was also distributed by Capitol.[9]

One of Enigma's biggest commercial successes was with the Christian rock band Stryper, which had several gold and platinum records on the label as well as significant international success.[10]

In addition to the primary Enigma Records label, the company had two smaller subsidiary labels as well as a music publishing company (La Rana / El Porto Music administered by Bug Music). Enigma Retro focused on re-issues of material licensed from other labels such as Straight Records, Bizarre Records, and DiscReet Records. The Restless Records division focused on alternative artists not intended for major label distribution. Enigma also released film soundtracks including The Terminator and River's Edge. Enigma released a compilation album, Enigma Variations, with various artists. Enigma had a joint venture with Mute Records and released certain Mute titles in the United States. Sonic Youth's landmark 1988 album Daydream Nation was originally released on Enigma Records, in association with Blast First Records.

Enigma was formally acquired by Capitol/EMI in 1989.[3][5] Some of its catalog and operations were merged into the still independent Restless Records in 1991.[11]

Enigma's Canadian division was closed in 1992 and was reorganized into FRE Records before shuttering in 1999, after which its back catalogs was sold to DROG Records.

The Enigma catalog is controlled by Capitol Music Group, owned by Universal Music Group which acquired Capitol's former parent EMI and the majority of its recorded music operations in 2012. Disney Music Group's Hollywood Records, distributed by UMG, handles the reissues of Stryper's Enigma albums. The catalog of Devo's albums and Enigma titles that were merged into Restless is owned by Warner Music Group, which acquired Restless's previous parent Rykodisc in 2006, and distributed by the Alternative Distribution Alliance.

Artists

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Seidenberg, Robert (August 1985). "The Enigma Variations". Spin. p. 31. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  2. ^ Gil, Paco Pepe (October 31, 2019). "Chiswick, Stiff, Creation...: 10 razones de peso para comprarle discos a un sello independiente" [Chiswick, Stiff, Creation ...: 10 compelling reasons to buy records from an independent label]. El Periódico de Catalunya (in European Spanish). Retrieved March 9, 2020. In 1980, Enigma Records was created by the brothers William and Wesley Hein as a division of Greenworld Distribution, an independent music distributor and importer. A few years later they split from the parent company and moved to California and dedicated themselves to promoting and supporting alternative music bands and artists. ... Notable artists include: The Dream Syndicate, Don Dixon, The Cramps, Agent Orange, Rock Erickson, Green On Red, The Minutemen, Rain Parade, Redd Kross, The Vandals, Wednesday Week, Stryper and The Smithereens. (translated from Spanish)
  3. ^ a b c "Wesley Hein". LinkedIn. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e Goodman, Fred (July 18, 1987). "Putting Business back Into the Music Business" (PDF). Billboard. pp. E-4. Retrieved March 9, 2020.[dead link‍]
  5. ^ a b Knoedlseder, William K. Jr (July 28, 1989). "Polygram Will Buy Island Records for About $300 Million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  6. ^ "Ad for the Cramps Stay Sick album". Spin. April 1990. p. 23. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  7. ^ "Jim Martone". Music 180.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
  8. ^ "Enigma Records History" (PDF). New on the Charts. March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  9. ^ Sutherland, Sam (May 3, 1986). "Capitol Is Solution for Enigma Distribution". Billboard. Vol. 98, no. 18. pp. 4, 71. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
  10. ^ "Stryper History". Q103 Albany. October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  11. ^ "Enigma Records". Rate Your Music. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
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