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Coordinates: 45°21′37″N 23°14′18″E / 45.36028°N 23.23833°E / 45.36028; 23.23833
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{{distinguish|Lupeni, Harghita}}
{{Distinguish|Lupeni, Harghita}}
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = municipality
|type = municipality
|county = Hunedoara
|county = Hunedoara
|population_total = auto
|official_name = Lupeni
|map_caption = Location in Hunedoara County
|image_shield = ROU HD Lupeni CoA.jpg
|image_skyline = Primăria Lupeni.jpg
|official_name=Lupeni
|image_map=Lupeni jud Hunedoara.png
|image_caption = Lupeni city hall
|image_location =
|image_shield=ROU HD Lupeni CoA.jpg
|image_map = Lupeni jud Hunedoara.png
|leader_name=Lucian Resmeriță
|map_caption = Location in Hunedoara County
|leader_party=[[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]
|leader_name = Lucian Resmeriță<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=8 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|area_total_km2=77.73
|leader_party = PSD
⚫
|coordinates = {{coord|45|21|37|N|23|14|18|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|term = 2020&ndash;2024
|website=
⚫
|coordinates = {{coord|45|21|37|N|23|14|18|E|region:RO|display=it}}
|elevation = 640
|elevation_min = 625
|elevation_max = 725
|area_total = 77.73
|population_as_of =
|population_total = auto
|population_footnotes =
|postal_code = 335600
|area_code = (+40) 02 54
|website = {{URL|https://www.municipiullupeni.ro}}
}}
}}


'''Lupeni''' ({{IPA-ro|luˈpenʲ}}; [[German language|German]]: ''Schylwolfsbach'', [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Lupény'') is a mining [[municipiu|city]] in the [[Jiu Valley]] in [[Hunedoara County]], [[Romania]], in the historical region of [[Transylvania]]. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Jiu Valley. It is located on the banks of the West Jiu river within the [[Jiu Valley]], at a height varying between {{convert|630|m}} (in the east) and {{convert|760|m}}. The distance from Lupeni to Petroșani is {{convert|18|km}} (DN66A), and to Deva (the capital of Hunedoara County) is {{convert|114|km}}.
'''Lupeni''' ({{IPA|ro|luˈpenʲ}}; [[German language|German]]: ''Schylwolfsbach'', [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Lupény'') is a mining [[municipiu|city]] in the [[Jiu Valley]] in [[Hunedoara County]], [[Romania]], in the historical region of [[Transylvania]]. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Jiu Valley. It is located on the banks of the [[Jiul de Vest|Western Jiu River]] within the Jiu Valley, at a height varying between {{convert|630|m}} (in the east) and {{convert|760|m}}. The distance from Lupeni to Petroșani is {{convert|18|km}} on the DN66A road, and to [[Deva, Romania|Deva]] (the capital of Hunedoara County) it is {{cvt|114|km}}.


The name is derived from the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] "''lup''", meaning "wolf". Throughout the second part of the 19th century and most of the 20th century, the city's economy was based on [[mining]], but since the 1990s the economy has become more diverse, after many mines were closed.
The name is derived from the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] "''lup''", meaning "wolf". Throughout the second part of the 19th century and most of the 20th century, the city's economy was based on [[mining]], but since the 1990s the economy has become more diverse, after many mines were closed.


==History==
==History==
The first records of people inhabiting this area date back to prehistorical times, as evidenced by the discoveries made at the Straja-Lupeni hill [[cave]], where old pottery objects were found. The city of Lupeni was first attested in 1770. During the [[Middle Ages]], the [[Jiu Valley]] was sparsely populated, with the inhabitants living in small villages, and [[shepherd]]ing being the main activity.<ref name=tour>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismguide.ro/html/orase/Hunedoara/Lupeni/istoric_lupeni.php|title=Istoric Lupeni|trans-title=History of Lupeni|accessdate=22 January 2016}}</ref>
The first records of people inhabiting this area date back to prehistorical times, as evidenced by the discoveries made at the Straja-Lupeni hill [[cave]], where old pottery objects were found. The city of Lupeni was first attested in 1770. During the [[Middle Ages]], the [[Jiu Valley]] was sparsely populated, with the inhabitants living in small villages, and [[shepherd]]ing being the main activity.<ref name=tour>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismguide.ro/html/orase/Hunedoara/Lupeni/istoric_lupeni.php|title=Istoric Lupeni|trans-title=History of Lupeni|access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>


Lupeni was formed as a result of the intense migration of people coming from Valea Streiului and Țara Hațegului, who were attracted by the rich pastures and hay fields of the area. The residents of the village of Valea Lupului (Wolf Valley) are those who are believed to have founded Lupeni.<ref name=tour/>
Lupeni was formed as a result of the intense migration of people coming from Valea Streiului and Țara Hațegului, who were attracted by the rich pastures and hayfields of the area. The residents of the village of Valea Lupului (Wolf Valley) are those who are believed to have founded Lupeni.<ref name=tour/>


[[File:Sodronykötél-pálya a szénosztályozónál. Fortepan 96262.jpg|thumb|left|Mining in 1904]]
After 1840, the mining exploration and exploitation started to develop in the area, and major economic and social changes took place. Foreign workers, primarily Polish, Czech, Austrian, Slovak, and Hungarian miners, as well as Romanian miners from the Apuseni Mountains and Baia Mare, were brought to work in the Jiu Valley. The mining activity began south of Lupeni. Lupeni soon become a major coal producer with a mono-industrial development, with about 80% of the population living from mining and other related activities. The city become very prosperous and experienced continuous population growth. However, the industrial development of the area was severely affected by the economic crisis of the [[interwar period]], which eventually led to the [[Lupeni Strike of 1929]].<ref name=tour/>
After 1840, mining exploration and exploitation started to develop in the area, and major economic and social changes took place. Foreign workers, primarily [[Polish people|Polish]], [[Czechs|Czech]], [[Austrians|Austrian]], [[Slovaks|Slovak]], and [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] miners, as well as Romanian miners from the Apuseni Mountains and Baia Mare, were brought to work in the Jiu Valley. The mining activity began south of Lupeni. Lupeni soon become a major coal producer with a mono-industrial development, with about 80% of the population living from mining and other related activities. The city become very prosperous and experienced continuous population growth. However, the industrial development of the area was severely affected by the economic crisis of the [[interwar period]], which eventually led to the [[Lupeni Strike of 1929]].<ref name=tour/>


Lupeni was declared a city in 1941, at which time it had 12,000 inhabitants. After [[World War II]], over 600 Poles were repatriated from Lupeni to [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle|Kędzierzyn]], Poland.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nowak|first=Krzysztof|year=2018|title=Reemigracja polskich górników z Rumunii na Górny Śląsk po II wojnie światowej|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|volume=LXXIII|issue=4|page=77|issn=0037-7511}}</ref>
⚫
During the communist regime, the mines were nationalized by the communist government. Lupeni was declared a city in 1941, at which time it had 12,000 inhabitants. In 1977, Lupeni was the site of the [[Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977]]. After the [[Romanian Revolution|revolution]], in the 1990s, mining operations entered a restructuring process which had a very strong social and economic impact on the city. A large number of mines were closed, and this also affected other related activities, such as suppliers of materials, equipment and services, and agents that operated in the trade and services areas. Nevertheless, in recent years, new areas of economic development emerged, such as tourism, forestry industry, bakery industry, and commerce.<ref name=tour/>

⚫
During the communist regime, the mines were nationalized by the communist government. In 1977, Lupeni was the site of the [[Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977]]. After the [[Romanian Revolution]] of 1989, in the 1990s, mining operations entered a restructuring process that had a very strong social and economic impact on the city. A large number of mines were closed, and this also affected other related activities, such as suppliers of materials, equipment and services, and agents that operated in the trade and services areas. Nevertheless, in recent years, new areas of economic development emerged, such as tourism, forestry industry, bakery industry, and commerce.<ref name=tour/>


The city's remaining active mine is the [[Lupeni Coal Mine]] managed by the Petroșani-based [[National Hard Coal Company]].
The city's remaining active mine is the [[Lupeni Coal Mine]] managed by the Petroșani-based [[National Hard Coal Company]].
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|2002|31409
|2002|31409
|2011|23390
|2011|23390
|2021|18699
}}
}}

At the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], Lupeni had a population of 18,699.<ref name="RPL2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro|date=31 May 2023}}</ref> At the [[2011 Romanian census|census from 2011]], the population of the city was 23,390, with breakdown as follows.


===By nationality===
===By nationality===
*[[Romanians]]: 19,465 (88.53%)
*[[Romanians]]: 19,465 (88.53%)
*[[Hungarians]]: 1,581 (7.19%)
*[[Hungarians]]: 1,581 (7.19%)
*[[Romani people|Roma (Gypsy)]]: 735 (3.34%)
*[[Romani people in Romania|Roma (Gypsy)]]: 735 (3.34%)
*[[Germans]]: 71 (0.32%)
*[[Germans]]: 71 (0.32%)


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*[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]]: 688
*[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]]: 688
*Greek Catholic: 501
*Greek Catholic: 501
*Baptist 200-300
*Other: 1,155
*Other: 1,155

==Natives==
* {{ill|Ben-Oni Ardelean|ro}} (born 1975), cleric and politician
* {{ill|Ioan Botiș|ro}} (born 1967), politician
* [[Lucian Burchel]] (born 1964), footballer
* [[Carol Creiniceanu]] (1939–2012), footballer
* {{ill|János Fazekas|ro}} (1926–2004), communist politician
* [[Gigi Militaru]] (born 1986), rugby player
* [[George Alexandru Pălămariu]] (born 1991), rower
* [[Vasile Patilineț]] (1923–1986), communist activist, politician, and diplomat
* [[Tatiana Stepa]] (1963–2009), folk singer
* {{ill|Mihai Suder|de}} (1914–1984), communist politician
* [[Laurențiu Tudor (footballer, born 1997)|Laurențiu Tudor]] (born 1997), footballer


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Bărbăteni Coal Mine]]
*[[Jiu Valley]]
*[[Jiu Valley]]


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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Lupeni}}
{{Commons category|Lupeni}}
*[https://jiuvalley.org/new-home/cities/lupeni/ Jiu Valley Portal] - the regional portal host of the Lupeni city website
*[https://jiuvalley.org/new-home/cities/lupeni/ Jiu Valley Portal] - the regional portal host of the Lupeni city website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090409092351/http://teoreticlupeni.licee.edu.ro/ Science Highschool of Lupeni]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090409092351/http://teoreticlupeni.licee.edu.ro/ Science Highschool of Lupeni]

{{Gallery
|File:Biserica Ortodoxă Lupeni.jpg|Romanian Orthodox church
|File:Palatul Cultural Minerul din municipiul Lupeni, Hunedoara.jpg|''Minerul'' cultural center
|File:Schitul Straja.jpg|The Straja Skete
}}


{{Municipalities and Towns of Hunedoara County}}
{{Municipalities and Towns of Hunedoara County}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Populated places in Hunedoara County]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hunedoara County]]
Line 74: Line 113:
[[Category:Monotowns in Romania]]
[[Category:Monotowns in Romania]]
[[Category:Localities in Transylvania]]
[[Category:Localities in Transylvania]]

{{Hunedoara-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:34, 4 September 2024

Not to be confused with Lupeni, Harghita.
Lupeni
Municipality
Lupeni city hall
Lupeni city hall
Coat of arms of Lupeni
Coat of arms
Location in Hunedoara County
Location in Hunedoara County
Lupeni is located in Romania
Lupeni
Lupeni
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 45°21′37″N 23°14′18″E / 45.36028°N 23.23833°E / 45.36028; 23.23833
CountryRomania
CountyHunedoara
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Lucian Resmeriță[1] (PSD)
Area
77.73 km2 (30.01 sq mi)
Elevation
640 m (2,100 ft)
Highest elevation
725 m (2,379 ft)
Lowest elevation
625 m (2,051 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[2]
18,699
 • Density240/km2 (620/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
335600
Area code(+40) 02 54
Vehicle reg.HD
Websitewww.municipiullupeni.ro

Lupeni (Romanian pronunciation: [luˈpenʲ]; German: Schylwolfsbach, Hungarian: Lupény) is a mining city in the Jiu Valley in Hunedoara County, Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Jiu Valley. It is located on the banks of the Western Jiu River within the Jiu Valley, at a height varying between 630 metres (2,070 ft) (in the east) and 760 metres (2,490 ft). The distance from Lupeni to Petroșani is 18 kilometres (11 mi) on the DN66A road, and to Deva (the capital of Hunedoara County) it is 114 km (71 mi).

The name is derived from the Romanian "lup", meaning "wolf". Throughout the second part of the 19th century and most of the 20th century, the city's economy was based on mining, but since the 1990s the economy has become more diverse, after many mines were closed.

History

[edit]

The first records of people inhabiting this area date back to prehistorical times, as evidenced by the discoveries made at the Straja-Lupeni hill cave, where old pottery objects were found. The city of Lupeni was first attested in 1770. During the Middle Ages, the Jiu Valley was sparsely populated, with the inhabitants living in small villages, and shepherding being the main activity.[3]

Lupeni was formed as a result of the intense migration of people coming from Valea Streiului and Țara Hațegului, who were attracted by the rich pastures and hayfields of the area. The residents of the village of Valea Lupului (Wolf Valley) are those who are believed to have founded Lupeni.[3]

Mining in 1904

After 1840, mining exploration and exploitation started to develop in the area, and major economic and social changes took place. Foreign workers, primarily Polish, Czech, Austrian, Slovak, and Hungarian miners, as well as Romanian miners from the Apuseni Mountains and Baia Mare, were brought to work in the Jiu Valley. The mining activity began south of Lupeni. Lupeni soon become a major coal producer with a mono-industrial development, with about 80% of the population living from mining and other related activities. The city become very prosperous and experienced continuous population growth. However, the industrial development of the area was severely affected by the economic crisis of the interwar period, which eventually led to the Lupeni Strike of 1929.[3]

Lupeni was declared a city in 1941, at which time it had 12,000 inhabitants. After World War II, over 600 Poles were repatriated from Lupeni to Kędzierzyn, Poland.[4]

During the communist regime, the mines were nationalized by the communist government. In 1977, Lupeni was the site of the Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, in the 1990s, mining operations entered a restructuring process that had a very strong social and economic impact on the city. A large number of mines were closed, and this also affected other related activities, such as suppliers of materials, equipment and services, and agents that operated in the trade and services areas. Nevertheless, in recent years, new areas of economic development emerged, such as tourism, forestry industry, bakery industry, and commerce.[3]

The city's remaining active mine is the Lupeni Coal Mine managed by the Petroșani-based National Hard Coal Company.

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
195621,188—    
196629,340+38.5%
197728,280−3.6%
199232,853+16.2%
200231,409−4.4%
201123,390−25.5%
202118,699−20.1%
Source: Census data

At the 2021 census, Lupeni had a population of 18,699.[5] At the census from 2011, the population of the city was 23,390, with breakdown as follows.

By nationality

[edit]

By religion

[edit]

Natives

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. ^ a b c d "Istoric Lupeni" [History of Lupeni]. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  4. ^ Nowak, Krzysztof (2018). "Reemigracja polskich górników z Rumunii na Górny Śląsk po II wojnie światowej". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka. LXXIII (4): 77. ISSN 0037-7511.
  5. ^ "Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. 31 May 2023.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupeni.
  • Romanian Orthodox church
    Romanian Orthodox church
  • Minerul cultural center
    Minerul cultural center
  • The Straja Skete
    The Straja Skete
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